259 lines
8.0 KiB
Plaintext
259 lines
8.0 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: prep,v 1.13 2009/04/23 01:56:48 snj Exp $
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.Ss2 Preparing your hard disk for the NetBSD installation.
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Note that you will be modifying your hard drives and if you mess something
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up here you could lose everything on all the drives that you work with.
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It is therefore advised that you:
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.(bullet
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Write down your current configurations.
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Do this by writing down all partition info (especially their sizes).
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.It
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.Em Back up the partitions you are keeping.
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.bullet)
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.Pp
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If
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.Nx
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has to share the disk with another operating system, you can
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either take care of partitioning your harddisk before installing
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.Nx
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or delay this until the installer requests you to do it.
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If you decide to do it now, please create space for at least
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.Pa /
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(root) and swap partitions.
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Whatever you decide, take note of the paragraphs below!
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You need this info to create bootable disks.
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.Pp
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.(tag Warning:
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.It Em Warning:
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The AHDI partitioning function erases all partitions on your harddisk
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even if they are not changed!
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We know this is rather stupid, but don't say we didn't warn you.
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.tag)
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.Pp
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If you want to use an AHDI partitioning scheme and you want to be able to
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boot directly into
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.Nx ,
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there are some constraints on the partition layout.
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.Pp
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As you might know, every hard disk has a
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.Sq root sector
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that contains information about the size of the hard disk and the partitions
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on the hard disk.
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The root sector can only contain the necessary data for four partitions.
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Nobody thought that this limitation would cause any problems.
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After all, 640 KByte should be enough.
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As hard disks grew, it was necessary to define more than four partitions.
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In order to be more or less compatible with the old format,
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a new type of partition entry was defined: XGM partitions.
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.Pp
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An XGM partition is a
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.Sq look over there
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sign: Another root sector can be
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found at the start of the XGM partition.
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This root sector contains the remaining real partitions.
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And this is the big mystery: Partitions defined
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in the root sector of the hard disk are called
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.Sq "primary partitions" ,
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partitions defined in the root sector of an XGM partition are called
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.Sq "extended partitions" .
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.Pp
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The bootblock will only work if the first NBD partition is a primary
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partition.
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This is not a limitation of
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.Nx
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but a limitation of
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.Tn TOS Ns / Ns AHDI:
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You can only boot from primary partitions.
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.Pp
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If you are creating your partitions with HDX, you'll have to be very careful
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to fulfill this rule.
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HDX has some very strange ideas when it comes to extended partitions.
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Fortunately, you can edit this stuff: The
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.Dq "Edit partition scheme of the unit"
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dialog box has a button labeled
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.Dq "expert" .
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This button is inactive unless you have defined more than four partitions.
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Click on it
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.Em after
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you have defined the sizes of the partitions.
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.Pp
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A new dialog box appears on the screen.
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The left side contains two blocks of partitions;
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the upper block always contains the first four partitions, the
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lower block contains the last three partitions.
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If you have defined less than
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7 partitions, some fields of the lower block will contain the string
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.Dq "unused" .
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Some of the partitions will be displayed in reverse video: These are the
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extended partitions.
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.Pp
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The right side contains six possible ranges for the extended partitions.
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It is not possible to define your own range, you will have to use one of the
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schemes offered by HDX.
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To quote from Ghostbusters: Choose and die.
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The default scheme used by HDX is the first scheme: Extended partitions start
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with the second partition and end with the second to last partition.
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If you
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have defined 7 partitions, partitions #2 to #5 will be extended partitions,
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while partitions #1, #6 and #7 will be primary partitions.
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.Pp
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You can move the extended partition range by clicking on one of the buttons
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on the right side of the dialog box.
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Try to find one where your first
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.Nx
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partition is a primary partition.
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Golden rules:
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.(bullet
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If the disk contains no
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.Tn GEMDOS
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partitions, don't use AHDI.
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Let
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.Nx
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handle it alone.
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.It
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If the disk contains one
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.Tn GEMDOS
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partition, make it partition #1 and
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start the extended partition range at partition #3.
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This allows you
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to boot from both the
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.Tn GEMDOS
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and the
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.Nx
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partitions.
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.It
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If the disk contains two
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.Tn GEMDOS
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partitions, use partitions #1 and #2
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for
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.Tn GEMDOS ,
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partition #3 for NetBSD-root.
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Start the extended partition range with partition #4.
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.It
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If your disks contains three or more
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.Tn GEMDOS
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partitions, you are in trouble.
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Try using partitions #1 and #2 as the first two
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.Tn GEMDOS
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partitions.
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Use partition #3 as the first
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.Nx
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partition.
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Start the extended partition range with partition #4.
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Put the other
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.Nx
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extended partition range.
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.bullet)
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.Pp
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.Ss2 Booting the installer on an existing system
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If you already have
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.Nx
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installed, it is easy.
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Just boot into single user mode on your current system, or use the
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.Ic shutdown now
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command to shutdown to single-user mode.
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Then copy the installer using
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.Ic dd :
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic "dd if=sysinst.fs of=/dev/rsd0b"
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.Pp
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where
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.Li /dev/rsd0b
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should be the device path of the swap partition your system
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is configured to use.
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Once the file is copied, reboot back to the booter
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and use the '-b' option to make the kernel prompt for a root device.
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Now enter the swap device as your root device to start the installer.
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.Pp
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.Ss2 Booting the installer on new systems.
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If your system has more than 6MB RAM, you can skip directly to the section
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about
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.Ic loadbsd.ttp,
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since the amount of RAM is enough to load the installer into.
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.Pp
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For new new installations on small memory systems, things are a bit more
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complicated.
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The easiest way is to mark an AHDI partition as id 'SWP'.
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You can either accomplish this with HDdriver or use the
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.Ic chg_pid.ttp
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program supplied on the bootfloppy.
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To use the fifth partition of your
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first drive to a swap partition, do the following:
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic "chg_pid -w 0 4 SWP"
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.Pp
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As you can see, both the drive and the partition numbers are zero
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based.
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.Pp
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When a swap partition has been created, you can transfer the installer using
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the
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.Ic file2swp.ttp
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command, which is also on the bootfloppy.
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This program copies a (gzipped) file
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to the first AHDI partition with id 'SWP' on the designated disk.
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To copy sysinst.fs to your first SCSI disk, use:
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic "file2swp -w -f sysinst.fs s0"
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.Pp
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Note that
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.Ic file2swp
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automatically detects a gzipped file, there is no need for a .gz extension.
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.Ss2 Using loadbsd.ttp
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To start the installer, you first need to load a
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.Nx
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kernel.
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This can be done in a couple ways, both of which currently require
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.Tn GEMDOS .
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You need either the bootfloppy provided in the
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distribution or you can copy the
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.Ic loadbsd.ttp
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program and
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kernel to a boot floppy disk (1.44 MB needed) or put them on a
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.Tn TOS
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partition.
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Select the loadbsd program and it will ask for parameters, supply:
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.Sq Ic "-b netbsd"
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(or whatever name you copied the kernel to).
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You can, of course, also run it from the shell command-line in
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.Tn MiNT :
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic "loadbsd -b a:/netbsd"
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.Pp
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You should see the screen clear and some information about
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your system as the kernel configures the hardware.
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Then you will be prompted for a root device.
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If you copied the installer to a swap partition, as explained above,
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you have to enter the swap partition as the boot device.
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When you used your first SCSI disk, this will be
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.Ic sd0b.
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On the first IDE drive it would be
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.Ic wd0b.
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.Pp
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If you didn't copy the installer to swap, you need to use the RAMdisk, so
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remove the
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.Tn GEMDOS
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kernel boot floppy from the drive if present and insert the
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.Nx
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install floppy 1.
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Now enter the name of the boot device depending on the floppy type you have
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inserted. Use:
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.(bullet
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.Ic md0a
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for the old installer (1MB filesystem) on 720KB floppies.
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.It
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.Ic md1a
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for the sysinst installer on 720KB floppies.
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.It
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.Ic md2a
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for the sysinst installer on 1.44MB floppies.
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.bullet)
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The kernel will load the install file system into RAMdisk.
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While the kernel is loading, it will show a
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.Sq \&.
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for each track loaded.
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After loading 80 tracks, it will ask you to insert the next floppy.
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At this time, insert the
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.Nx
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install floppy 2 and press any key.
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The kernel continues loading another 40 tracks before it continues to boot.
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