222 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
222 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: host.1,v 1.1.1.5 2007/03/30 19:15:55 ghen Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
|
|
.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
|
|
.\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
|
|
.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
|
|
.\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
|
|
.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
|
|
.\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
|
|
.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Id: host.1,v 1.14.18.13 2007/01/30 00:23:44 marka Exp
|
|
.\"
|
|
.hy 0
|
|
.ad l
|
|
.\" Title: host
|
|
.\" Author:
|
|
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.71.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
|
|
.\" Date: Jun 30, 2000
|
|
.\" Manual: BIND9
|
|
.\" Source: BIND9
|
|
.\"
|
|
.TH "HOST" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "BIND9"
|
|
.\" disable hyphenation
|
|
.nh
|
|
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
|
|
.ad l
|
|
.SH "NAME"
|
|
host \- DNS lookup utility
|
|
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
|
|
.HP 5
|
|
\fBhost\fR [\fB\-aCdlnrsTwv\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fR\fB\fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-N\ \fR\fB\fIndots\fR\fR] [\fB\-R\ \fR\fB\fInumber\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fR\fB\fItype\fR\fR] [\fB\-W\ \fR\fB\fIwait\fR\fR] [\fB\-m\ \fR\fB\fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] {name} [server]
|
|
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. When no arguments or options are given,
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fIname\fR
|
|
is the domain name that is to be looked up. It can also be a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address, in which case
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
will by default perform a reverse lookup for that address.
|
|
\fIserver\fR
|
|
is an optional argument which is either the name or IP address of the name server that
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
should query instead of the server or servers listed in
|
|
\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-a\fR
|
|
(all) option is equivalent to setting the
|
|
\fB\-v\fR
|
|
option and asking
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
to make a query of type ANY.
|
|
.PP
|
|
When the
|
|
\fB\-C\fR
|
|
option is used,
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
|
|
\fIname\fR
|
|
from all the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are found for the zone.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-c\fR
|
|
option instructs to make a DNS query of class
|
|
\fIclass\fR. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Verbose output is generated by
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
when the
|
|
\fB\-d\fR
|
|
or
|
|
\fB\-v\fR
|
|
option is used. The two options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards compatibility. In previous versions, the
|
|
\fB\-d\fR
|
|
option switched on debugging traces and
|
|
\fB\-v\fR
|
|
enabled verbose output.
|
|
.PP
|
|
List mode is selected by the
|
|
\fB\-l\fR
|
|
option. This makes
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
perform a zone transfer for zone
|
|
\fIname\fR. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with
|
|
\fB\-a\fR
|
|
all records will be printed.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-i\fR
|
|
option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-N\fR
|
|
option sets the number of dots that have to be in
|
|
\fIname\fR
|
|
for it to be considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
|
|
\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the
|
|
\fBsearch\fR
|
|
or
|
|
\fBdomain\fR
|
|
directive in
|
|
\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
|
|
\fB\-R\fR
|
|
option.
|
|
\fInumber\fR
|
|
indicates how many times
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
will repeat a query that does not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
|
|
\fInumber\fR
|
|
is negative or zero, the number of retries will default to 1.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Non\-recursive queries can be made via the
|
|
\fB\-r\fR
|
|
option. Setting this option clears the
|
|
\fBRD\fR
|
|
\(em recursion desired \(em bit in the query which
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
makes. This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not attempt to resolve
|
|
\fIname\fR. The
|
|
\fB\-r\fR
|
|
option enables
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
to mimic the behaviour of a name server by making non\-recursive queries and expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually referrals to other name servers.
|
|
.PP
|
|
By default
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
uses UDP when making queries. The
|
|
\fB\-T\fR
|
|
option makes it use a TCP connection when querying the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-4\fR
|
|
option forces
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
to only use IPv4 query transport. The
|
|
\fB\-6\fR
|
|
option forces
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
to only use IPv6 query transport.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-t\fR
|
|
option is used to select the query type.
|
|
\fItype\fR
|
|
can be any recognised query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default it looks for A records, but if the
|
|
\fB\-C\fR
|
|
option was given, queries will be made for SOA records, and if
|
|
\fIname\fR
|
|
is a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or colon\-delimited IPv6 address,
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
will query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the starting serial number (e.g. \-t IXFR=12345678).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
|
|
\fB\-W\fR
|
|
and
|
|
\fB\-w\fR
|
|
options. The
|
|
\fB\-W\fR
|
|
option makes
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
wait for
|
|
\fIwait\fR
|
|
seconds. If
|
|
\fIwait\fR
|
|
is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
|
|
\fB\-w\fR
|
|
option is used,
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
will effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum value for an integer quantity.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-s\fR
|
|
option tells
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
\fInot\fR
|
|
to send the query to the next nameserver if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behaviour.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The
|
|
\fB\-m\fR
|
|
can be used to set the memory usage debugging flags
|
|
\fIrecord\fR,
|
|
\fIusage\fR
|
|
and
|
|
\fItrace\fR.
|
|
.SH "IDN SUPPORT"
|
|
.PP
|
|
If
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
has been built with IDN (internationalized domain name) support, it can accept and display non\-ASCII domain names.
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
appropriately converts character encoding of domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a reply from the server. If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines the
|
|
\fBIDN_DISABLE\fR
|
|
environment variable. The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
|
|
\fBhost\fR
|
|
runs.
|
|
.SH "FILES"
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBdig\fR(1),
|
|
\fBnamed\fR(8).
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright \(co 2004, 2005, 2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
|
|
.br
|
|
Copyright \(co 2000\-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
|
|
.br
|