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/* $NetBSD: uvm_loan.c,v 1.35 2001/11/10 07:37:00 lukem Exp $ */
/*
*
* Copyright (c) 1997 Charles D. Cranor and Washington University.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and
* Washington University.
* 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* from: Id: uvm_loan.c,v 1.1.6.4 1998/02/06 05:08:43 chs Exp
*/
/*
* uvm_loan.c: page loanout handler
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: uvm_loan.c,v 1.35 2001/11/10 07:37:00 lukem Exp $");
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <uvm/uvm.h>
/*
* "loaned" pages are pages which are (read-only, copy-on-write) loaned
* from the VM system to other parts of the kernel. this allows page
* copying to be avoided (e.g. you can loan pages from objs/anons to
* the mbuf system).
*
* there are 3 types of loans possible:
* O->K uvm_object page to wired kernel page (e.g. mbuf data area)
* A->K anon page to wired kernel page (e.g. mbuf data area)
* O->A uvm_object to anon loan (e.g. vnode page to an anon)
* note that it possible to have an O page loaned to both an A and K
* at the same time.
*
* loans are tracked by pg->loan_count. an O->A page will have both
* a uvm_object and a vm_anon, but PQ_ANON will not be set. this sort
* of page is considered "owned" by the uvm_object (not the anon).
*
* each loan of a page to the kernel bumps the pg->wire_count. the
* kernel mappings for these pages will be read-only and wired. since
* the page will also be wired, it will not be a candidate for pageout,
* and thus will never be pmap_page_protect()'d with VM_PROT_NONE. a
* write fault in the kernel to one of these pages will not cause
* copy-on-write. instead, the page fault is considered fatal. this
* is because the kernel mapping will have no way to look up the
* object/anon which the page is owned by. this is a good side-effect,
* since a kernel write to a loaned page is an error.
*
* owners that want to free their pages and discover that they are
* loaned out simply "disown" them (the page becomes an orphan). these
* pages should be freed when the last loan is dropped. in some cases
* an anon may "adopt" an orphaned page.
*
* locking: to read pg->loan_count either the owner or the page queues
* must be locked. to modify pg->loan_count, both the owner of the page
* and the PQs must be locked. pg->flags is (as always) locked by
* the owner of the page.
*
* note that locking from the "loaned" side is tricky since the object
* getting the loaned page has no reference to the page's owner and thus
* the owner could "die" at any time. in order to prevent the owner
* from dying the page queues should be locked. this forces us to sometimes
* use "try" locking.
*
* loans are typically broken by the following events:
* 1. user-level xwrite fault to a loaned page
* 2. pageout of clean+inactive O->A loaned page
* 3. owner frees page (e.g. pager flush)
*
* note that loaning a page causes all mappings of the page to become
* read-only (via pmap_page_protect). this could have an unexpected
* effect on normal "wired" pages if one is not careful (XXX).
*/
/*
* local prototypes
*/
static int uvm_loananon __P((struct uvm_faultinfo *, void ***,
int, struct vm_anon *));
static int uvm_loanentry __P((struct uvm_faultinfo *, void ***, int));
static int uvm_loanuobj __P((struct uvm_faultinfo *, void ***,
int, vaddr_t));
static int uvm_loanzero __P((struct uvm_faultinfo *, void ***, int));
static void uvm_unloananon __P((struct vm_anon **, int));
static void uvm_unloanpage __P((struct vm_page **, int));
/*
* inlines
*/
/*
* uvm_loanentry: loan out pages in a map entry (helper fn for uvm_loan())
*
* => "ufi" is the result of a successful map lookup (meaning that
* on entry the map is locked by the caller)
* => we may unlock and then relock the map if needed (for I/O)
* => we put our output result in "output"
* => we always return with the map unlocked
* => possible return values:
* -1 == error, map is unlocked
* 0 == map relock error (try again!), map is unlocked
* >0 == number of pages we loaned, map is unlocked
*/
static __inline int
uvm_loanentry(ufi, output, flags)
struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi;
void ***output;
int flags;
{
vaddr_t curaddr = ufi->orig_rvaddr;
vsize_t togo = ufi->size;
struct vm_aref *aref = &ufi->entry->aref;
struct uvm_object *uobj = ufi->entry->object.uvm_obj;
struct vm_anon *anon;
int rv, result = 0;
/*
* lock us the rest of the way down (we unlock before return)
*/
if (aref->ar_amap)
amap_lock(aref->ar_amap);
if (uobj)
simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
/*
* loop until done
*/
while (togo) {
/*
* find the page we want. check the anon layer first.
*/
if (aref->ar_amap) {
anon = amap_lookup(aref, curaddr - ufi->entry->start);
} else {
anon = NULL;
}
/* locked: map, amap, uobj */
if (anon) {
rv = uvm_loananon(ufi, output, flags, anon);
} else if (uobj) {
rv = uvm_loanuobj(ufi, output, flags, curaddr);
} else if (UVM_ET_ISCOPYONWRITE(ufi->entry)) {
rv = uvm_loanzero(ufi, output, flags);
} else {
rv = -1;
}
/* locked: if (rv > 0) => map, amap, uobj [o.w. unlocked] */
/* total failure */
if (rv < 0)
return (-1);
/* relock failed, need to do another lookup */
if (rv == 0)
return (result);
/*
* got it... advance to next page
*/
result++;
togo -= PAGE_SIZE;
curaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
/*
* unlock what we locked, unlock the maps and return
*/
if (aref->ar_amap)
amap_unlock(aref->ar_amap);
if (uobj)
simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
uvmfault_unlockmaps(ufi, FALSE);
return (result);
}
/*
* normal functions
*/
/*
* uvm_loan: loan pages in a map out to anons or to the kernel
*
* => map should be unlocked
* => start and len should be multiples of PAGE_SIZE
* => result is either an array of anon's or vm_pages (depending on flags)
* => flag values: UVM_LOAN_TOANON - loan to anons
* UVM_LOAN_TOPAGE - loan to wired kernel page
* one and only one of these flags must be set!
* => returns 0 (success), or an appropriate error number
*/
int
uvm_loan(map, start, len, v, flags)
struct vm_map *map;
vaddr_t start;
vsize_t len;
void *v;
int flags;
{
struct uvm_faultinfo ufi;
void **result, **output;
int rv, error;
/*
* ensure that one and only one of the flags is set
*/
KASSERT(((flags & UVM_LOAN_TOANON) == 0) ^
((flags & UVM_LOAN_TOPAGE) == 0));
KASSERT((map->flags & VM_MAP_INTRSAFE) == 0);
/*
* "output" is a pointer to the current place to put the loaned page.
*/
result = v;
output = &result[0]; /* start at the beginning ... */
/*
* while we've got pages to do
*/
while (len > 0) {
/*
* fill in params for a call to uvmfault_lookup
*/
ufi.orig_map = map;
ufi.orig_rvaddr = start;
ufi.orig_size = len;
/*
* do the lookup, the only time this will fail is if we hit on
* an unmapped region (an error)
*/
if (!uvmfault_lookup(&ufi, FALSE)) {
error = ENOENT;
goto fail;
}
/*
* map now locked. now do the loanout...
*/
rv = uvm_loanentry(&ufi, &output, flags);
if (rv < 0) {
/* all unlocked due to error */
error = EINVAL;
goto fail;
}
/*
* done! the map is unlocked. advance, if possible.
*
* XXXCDC: could be recoded to hold the map lock with
* smarter code (but it only happens on map entry
* boundaries, so it isn't that bad).
*/
if (rv) {
rv <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
len -= rv;
start += rv;
}
}
return 0;
fail:
/*
* failed to complete loans. drop any loans and return failure code.
* map is already unlocked.
*/
if (output - result) {
if (flags & UVM_LOAN_TOANON) {
uvm_unloananon((struct vm_anon **)result,
output - result);
} else {
uvm_unloanpage((struct vm_page **)result,
output - result);
}
}
return (error);
}
/*
* uvm_loananon: loan a page from an anon out
*
* => called with map, amap, uobj locked
* => return value:
* -1 = fatal error, everything is unlocked, abort.
* 0 = lookup in ufi went stale, everything unlocked, relookup and
* try again
* 1 = got it, everything still locked
*/
int
uvm_loananon(ufi, output, flags, anon)
struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi;
void ***output;
int flags;
struct vm_anon *anon;
{
struct vm_page *pg;
int error;
/*
* if we are loaning to "another" anon then it is easy, we just
* bump the reference count on the current anon and return a
* pointer to it (it becomes copy-on-write shared).
*/
if (flags & UVM_LOAN_TOANON) {
simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
pg = anon->u.an_page;
if (pg && (pg->pqflags & PQ_ANON) != 0 && anon->an_ref == 1) {
pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_READ);
}
anon->an_ref++;
**output = anon;
(*output)++;
simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
return (1);
}
/*
* we are loaning to a kernel-page. we need to get the page
* resident so we can wire it. uvmfault_anonget will handle
* this for us.
*/
simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
error = uvmfault_anonget(ufi, ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap, anon);
/*
* if we were unable to get the anon, then uvmfault_anonget has
* unlocked everything and returned an error code.
*/
if (error) {
/* need to refault (i.e. refresh our lookup) ? */
if (error == ERESTART) {
return (0);
}
/* "try again"? sleep a bit and retry ... */
if (error == EAGAIN) {
tsleep(&lbolt, PVM, "loanagain", 0);
return (0);
}
/* otherwise flag it as an error */
return (-1);
}
/*
* we have the page and its owner locked: do the loan now.
*/
pg = anon->u.an_page;
uvm_lock_pageq();
KASSERT(pg->wire_count == 0);
if (pg->loan_count == 0) {
pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_READ);
}
pg->loan_count++;
uvm_pagedequeue(pg);
uvm_unlock_pageq();
**output = pg;
(*output)++;
/* unlock anon and return success */
if (pg->uobject) /* XXXCDC: what if this is our uobj? bad */
simple_unlock(&pg->uobject->vmobjlock);
simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
return (1);
}
/*
* uvm_loanuobj: loan a page from a uobj out
*
* => called with map, amap, uobj locked
* => return value:
* -1 = fatal error, everything is unlocked, abort.
* 0 = lookup in ufi went stale, everything unlocked, relookup and
* try again
* 1 = got it, everything still locked
*/
static int
uvm_loanuobj(ufi, output, flags, va)
struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi;
void ***output;
int flags;
vaddr_t va;
{
struct vm_amap *amap = ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap;
struct uvm_object *uobj = ufi->entry->object.uvm_obj;
struct vm_page *pg;
struct vm_anon *anon;
int error, npages;
boolean_t locked;
/*
* first we must make sure the page is resident.
*
* XXXCDC: duplicate code with uvm_fault().
*/
if (uobj->pgops->pgo_get) { /* try locked pgo_get */
npages = 1;
pg = NULL;
error = uobj->pgops->pgo_get(uobj, va - ufi->entry->start,
&pg, &npages, 0, VM_PROT_READ, MADV_NORMAL, PGO_LOCKED);
} else {
error = EIO; /* must have pgo_get op */
}
/*
* check the result of the locked pgo_get. if there is a problem,
* then we fail the loan.
*/
if (error && error != EBUSY) {
uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, uobj, NULL);
return (-1);
}
/*
* if we need to unlock for I/O, do so now.
*/
if (error == EBUSY) {
uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, NULL);
/* locked: uobj */
npages = 1;
error = uobj->pgops->pgo_get(uobj, va - ufi->entry->start,
&pg, &npages, 0, VM_PROT_READ, MADV_NORMAL, PGO_SYNCIO);
/* locked: <nothing> */
if (error) {
if (error == EAGAIN) {
tsleep(&lbolt, PVM, "fltagain2", 0);
return (0);
}
return (-1);
}
/*
* pgo_get was a success. attempt to relock everything.
*/
locked = uvmfault_relock(ufi);
if (locked && amap)
amap_lock(amap);
simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
/*
* verify that the page has not be released and re-verify
* that amap slot is still free. if there is a problem we
* drop our lock (thus force a lookup refresh/retry).
*/
if ((pg->flags & PG_RELEASED) != 0 ||
(locked && amap && amap_lookup(&ufi->entry->aref,
ufi->orig_rvaddr - ufi->entry->start))) {
if (locked)
uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, NULL, NULL);
locked = FALSE;
}
/*
* didn't get the lock? release the page and retry.
*/
if (locked == FALSE) {
if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED) {
wakeup(pg);
}
if (pg->flags & PG_RELEASED) {
uvm_pagefree(pg);
return (0);
}
uvm_lock_pageq();
uvm_pageactivate(pg);
uvm_unlock_pageq();
pg->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_WANTED);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
simple_unlock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
return (0);
}
}
/*
* at this point we have the page we want ("pg") marked PG_BUSY for us
* and we have all data structures locked. do the loanout. page can
* not be PG_RELEASED (we caught this above).
*/
if ((flags & UVM_LOAN_TOANON) == 0) {
uvm_lock_pageq();
if (pg->loan_count == 0) {
pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_READ);
}
pg->loan_count++;
uvm_pagedequeue(pg);
uvm_unlock_pageq();
if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED) {
wakeup(pg);
}
pg->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
**output = pg;
(*output)++;
return (1);
}
/*
* must be a loan to an anon. check to see if there is already
* an anon associated with this page. if so, then just return
* a reference to this object. the page should already be
* mapped read-only because it is already on loan.
*/
if (pg->uanon) {
anon = pg->uanon;
simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
anon->an_ref++;
simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED) {
wakeup(pg);
}
pg->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
**output = anon;
(*output)++;
return (1);
}
/*
* need to allocate a new anon
*/
anon = uvm_analloc();
if (anon == NULL) {
if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED) {
wakeup(pg);
}
pg->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, uobj, NULL);
return (-1);
}
anon->u.an_page = pg;
pg->uanon = anon;
uvm_lock_pageq();
if (pg->loan_count == 0) {
pmap_page_protect(pg, VM_PROT_READ);
}
pg->loan_count++;
uvm_pageactivate(pg);
uvm_unlock_pageq();
if (pg->flags & PG_WANTED) {
wakeup(pg);
}
pg->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
**output = anon;
(*output)++;
return (1);
}
/*
* uvm_loanzero: "loan" a zero-fill page out
*
* => called with map, amap, uobj locked
* => return value:
* -1 = fatal error, everything is unlocked, abort.
* 0 = lookup in ufi went stale, everything unlocked, relookup and
* try again
* 1 = got it, everything still locked
*/
static int
uvm_loanzero(ufi, output, flags)
struct uvm_faultinfo *ufi;
void ***output;
int flags;
{
struct vm_anon *anon;
struct vm_page *pg;
struct uvm_object *uobj = ufi->entry->object.uvm_obj;
struct vm_amap *amap = ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap;
if ((flags & UVM_LOAN_TOANON) == 0) { /* loaning to kernel-page */
while ((pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, NULL,
UVM_PGA_ZERO)) == NULL) {
uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, amap, uobj, NULL);
uvm_wait("loanzero1");
if (!uvmfault_relock(ufi)) {
return (0);
}
if (amap) {
amap_lock(amap);
}
if (uobj) {
simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
}
}
/* got a zero'd page; return */
pg->flags &= ~(PG_WANTED|PG_BUSY);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
**output = pg;
(*output)++;
pg->loan_count = 1;
return (1);
}
/* loaning to an anon */
while ((anon = uvm_analloc()) == NULL ||
(pg = uvm_pagealloc(NULL, 0, anon, UVM_PGA_ZERO)) == NULL) {
uvmfault_unlockall(ufi, ufi->entry->aref.ar_amap, uobj, anon);
/* out of swap causes us to fail */
if (anon == NULL) {
return (-1);
}
/*
* drop our reference; we're the only one,
* so it's okay that the anon isn't locked
* here.
*/
anon->an_ref--;
uvm_anfree(anon);
uvm_wait("loanzero2"); /* wait for pagedaemon */
if (!uvmfault_relock(ufi)) {
/* map changed while unlocked, need relookup */
return (0);
}
/* relock everything else */
if (amap) {
amap_lock(amap);
}
if (uobj) {
simple_lock(&uobj->vmobjlock);
}
}
/* got a zero'd page; return */
pg->flags &= ~(PG_BUSY|PG_FAKE);
UVM_PAGE_OWN(pg, NULL);
uvm_lock_pageq();
uvm_pageactivate(pg);
uvm_unlock_pageq();
**output = anon;
(*output)++;
return (1);
}
/*
* uvm_unloananon: kill loans on anons (basically a normal ref drop)
*
* => we expect all our resources to be unlocked
*/
static void
uvm_unloananon(aloans, nanons)
struct vm_anon **aloans;
int nanons;
{
struct vm_anon *anon;
while (nanons-- > 0) {
int refs;
anon = *aloans++;
simple_lock(&anon->an_lock);
refs = --anon->an_ref;
simple_unlock(&anon->an_lock);
if (refs == 0) {
uvm_anfree(anon);
}
}
}
/*
* uvm_unloanpage: kill loans on pages loaned out to the kernel
*
* => we expect all our resources to be unlocked
*/
static void
uvm_unloanpage(ploans, npages)
struct vm_page **ploans;
int npages;
{
struct vm_page *pg;
uvm_lock_pageq();
while (npages-- > 0) {
pg = *ploans++;
/*
* drop our loan. if page is unowned and we are removing
* the last loan, we can free the page.
* the
*/
KASSERT(pg->loan_count > 0);
pg->loan_count--;
if (pg->loan_count == 0) {
if (pg->uobject == NULL && pg->uanon == NULL) {
KASSERT((pg->flags & PG_BUSY) == 0);
uvm_pagefree(pg);
} else {
uvm_pageactivate(pg);
}
} else if (pg->loan_count == 1 && pg->uanon != NULL &&
pg->uobject == NULL) {
uvm_pageactivate(pg);
}
}
uvm_unlock_pageq();
}
/*
* uvm_unloan: kill loans on pages or anons.
*/
void
uvm_unloan(void *v, int npages, int flags)
{
if (flags & UVM_LOAN_TOANON) {
uvm_unloananon(v, npages);
} else {
uvm_unloanpage(v, npages);
}
}
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