138 lines
4.6 KiB
Groff
138 lines
4.6 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: newfs_msdos.8,v 1.6 1999/03/10 05:17:27 erh Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Christos Zoulas
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Joerg Wunsch
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" Id: mkdosfs.1,v 1.5 1997/02/22 16:06:38 peter Exp
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.\"
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.Dd February 25, 1997
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.Os
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.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm newfs_msdos
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.Nd create an MS-DOS (FAT) file system
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Bq Fl f Ar capacity
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.Bq Fl L Ar vollabel
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.Ar device
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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establishes a file system structure on
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.Ar device
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that is understood by
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.Xr mount_msdos 8
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and some ancient program loader.
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.Ar Device
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will typically be the character device node for a floppy disk drive,
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.Pq e.\ g. Pa /dev/rfd0 ,
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although any existing writable file or device is acceptable.
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In case of a regular file it is treated as a dumped image of an
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.Tn MS-DOS
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file system; only the file system structure will be written to it,
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and it won't be truncated.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n -offset indent
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.It Fl f Ar capacity
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Use defaults for a typical file system with
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.Ar capacity
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kilobytes.
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Currently, the values 360, 720, 1200, and 1440 are recognized.
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.Pp
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If this option is not specified,
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.Nm
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attempts to determine the size of the
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.Ar device .
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This is not reliably possible in all cases, but is believed to work
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for the more common situations.
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.It Fl L Ar vollabel
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Use
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.Ar vollabel
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to describe the file system, instead of the default
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.Ql 4.4BSD .
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.El
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.Pp
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The file system structure consists of three major areas:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n -offset indent
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.It Em The bootsector
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This is the very first (512-byte) sector.
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It contains executable
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code that normally would bootstrap an operating system when loaded.
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Since it's beyond the scope of
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.Nm
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to install an operating system on the medium, this boot code will only
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print a message that the disk does not contain a bootable system.
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Inside the
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.Em bootsector
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is the
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.Em BIOS parameter block (BPB) ,
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where several statistical parameters of the file system are being
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held.
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.It Em The File Allocation Table(s) (FAT)
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Sectors next to the
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.Em bootsector
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hold the FAT, which is used to register file system allocation, as
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well as keeping pointer chains for the chunks constituting one file.
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There are usually two identical copies of the FAT.
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.It Em The root directory
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The final structure is the root directory for this medium.
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It is merely a space reservation, padded with 0's, and unfortunately fixed
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in its size.
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.Nm
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initializes it to empty, and enters a volume label record into the
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very first directory slot.
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.El
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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An exit status of 0 is returned upon successful operation.
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Exit status 1 is returned on any errors during file system creation,
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and an exit status of 2 reflects invalid arguments given to the
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program (along with an appropriate information written to diagnostic
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output).
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fdformat 1 ,
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.Xr fsck_msdos 8 ,
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.Xr mount_msdos 8 ,
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.Xr newfs 8
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.Sh BUGS
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There is currently no way to specify obscure file system parameters.
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Thus, only media with one of the supported capacity values can be formatted.
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For the same reason, it's not possible to handle hard disk partitions.
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More options should be added to allow this.
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More entries should be added to the table of known formats, too.
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.Pp
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No attempt is made to handle media defects.
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.Sh HISTORY
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.Nm
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appeared in
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.Fx 2.2 .
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.Sh AUTHOR
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The program has been contributed by
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.if n Joerg Wunsch,
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.if t J\(:org Wunsch,
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Dresden.
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