2720 lines
185 KiB
PostScript
2720 lines
185 KiB
PostScript
$NetBSD: hlfsd.ps,v 1.1.1.2 1997/10/26 00:03:50 christos Exp $
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|
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b(our)28 b($HOME)280 336 y Fn(Er)n(ez)17 b(Zadok,)g(Computer)h(Scienc)n(e)h
|
|
(Dep)n(artment,)e(Columbia)h(University)482 394 y(A)o(lexander)h(Dupuy,)e
|
|
(System)h(Management)h(AR)l(TS)841 541 y Fm(ABSTRA)o(CT)241
|
|
628 y Fl(W)m(e)12 b(consider)h(the)g(problem)e(of)h(enabling)g(users)i(to)e
|
|
(access)i(their)f(mailb)q(o)o(x)d(\014les)i(from)f(an)o(y)h(host)179
|
|
678 y(on)k(our)h(lo)q(cal)f(net)o(w)o(ork,)h(and)f(not)h(only)f(on)g(one)h
|
|
(designated)g(\\home)f(mac)o(hine".)25 b(W)m(e)16 b(require)h(a)179
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728 y(solution)11 b(whic)o(h)g(will)f(not)i(in)o(tro)q(duce)g(an)o(y)f(new)h
|
|
(single)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(of)g(failure,)g(force)h(us)g(to)g(mo)q(dify)d(mail)
|
|
179 778 y(transfer)16 b(agen)o(ts)f(and)g(user)i(agen)o(ts,)e(or)g(require)h
|
|
(c)o(hanges)g(to)f(the)h(op)q(erating)f(system)g(k)o(ernels.)22
|
|
b(In)179 828 y(other)15 b(w)o(ords,)g(minim)o(ize)e(the)i(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(w)
|
|
o(ork)h(needed)h(b)o(y)e(system-administrators)g(and)g(users.)179
|
|
877 y(Our)i(solution)e(is)h(to)h(deliv)o(er)f(mail)e(in)o(to)h(the)i(users')h
|
|
(home)d(directories,)i(whic)o(h)g(are)f(exp)q(orted)i(via)179
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927 y(NFS[20)o(,)g(25])f(to)i(all)e(of)h(the)h(mac)o(hines)e(on)h(our)h(net)o
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(w)o(ork.)29 b(W)m(e)17 b(wrote)h(a)f(small)e(user-lev)o(el)j(NFS)179
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977 y(serv)o(er)d(implemen)o(ting)c(a)j(single)f(sym)o(b)q(olic)f(link)h
|
|
(that)h(references)j(the)e(home)e(directory)h(of)g(a)g(user,)179
|
|
1027 y(either)h(the)g(one)g(who)f(accessed)j(it,)c(or)i(b)o(y)f(name,)f(with)
|
|
h(a)g(fallbac)o(k)f(reference)k(in)d(case)h(of)f(failures.)179
|
|
1077 y(This)d(enables)h(electronic)g(mail)d(to)i(b)q(e)h(deliv)o(ered)g
|
|
(directly)g(in)o(to)e(the)i(user's)g(home)f(directory)m(,)g(whic)o(h)179
|
|
1126 y(is)f(already)h(accessible)h(from)d(an)o(y)h(mac)o(hine)g(on)h(the)g
|
|
(net)o(w)o(ork.)17 b(Although)10 b(w)o(e)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(used)i(our)f(serv)o
|
|
(er)179 1176 y(primarily)f(for)i(mail)e(deliv)o(ery)j(redirection,)g(it)f
|
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(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)e(redirect)i(sp)q(o)q(oled)f(faxes,)g(access)h(to)
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179 1226 y Fk(/tmp)p Fl(,)e(etc.)75 1345 y Fj(1)56 b(In)n(tro)r(duction)175
|
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1420 y Fl(Electronic)16 b(mail)e(has)i(b)q(ecome)g(one)g(of)f(the)i(ma)r(jor)
|
|
d(applications)h(for)h(man)o(y)e(computer)i(net)o(w)o(orks,)g(and)75
|
|
1470 y(use)k(of)f(this)g(service)h(is)f(exp)q(ected)j(to)d(increase)h(o)o(v)o
|
|
(er)f(time,)g(as)g(net)o(w)o(orks)h(proliferate)f(and)g(b)q(ecome)g(faster.)
|
|
75 1520 y(Pro)o(viding)10 b(a)h(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t)f
|
|
(for)g(users)i(to)e(read,)h(comp)q(ose,)f(and)g(send)h(electronic)h(mail)c
|
|
(has)i(b)q(ecome)75 1570 y(a)j(requiremen)o(t)f(for)h(systems)g
|
|
(administrators)e(\(SAs\).)175 1644 y(Widely)j(used)j(metho)q(ds)d(for)i
|
|
(handling)e(mail)f(usually)h(require)j(users)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(logged)e(in)o(to)
|
|
h(a)g(designated)75 1694 y(\\home")e(mac)o(hine,)f(where)k(their)e(mailb)q(o)
|
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o(x)e(\014les)i(reside.)23 b(Only)15 b(on)g(that)h(one)f(mac)o(hine)f(can)i
|
|
(they)f(read)h(newly)75 1744 y(arriv)o(ed)i(mail.)28 b(Since)19
|
|
b(users)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(logged)e(in)o(to)g(that)h(system)g(to)g
|
|
(read)h(their)f(mail,)e(they)j(often)f(\014nd)75 1794 y(it)h(con)o(v)o(enien)
|
|
o(t)h(to)g(run)g(all)f(of)g(their)h(other)g(pro)q(cesses)j(on)c(that)h
|
|
(system)f(as)h(w)o(ell,)g(including)f(memory)e(and)75 1844
|
|
y(CPU-in)o(tensiv)o(e)j(jobs.)34 b(F)m(or)19 b(example,)g(in)g(our)g
|
|
(departmen)o(t,)h(w)o(e)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(allo)q(cated)g(and)g(con\014gured)h
|
|
(sev)o(eral)75 1893 y(m)o(ulti-pro)q(cessor)11 b(serv)o(ers)i(to)e(handle)g
|
|
(suc)o(h)i(demanding)c(CPU)q(/memory)f(applications,)j(but)g(these)i(w)o(ere)
|
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f(under-)75 1943 y(utilized,)k(in)g(large)g(part)g(due)h(to)f(the)g(incon)o
|
|
(v)o(enience)i(of)d(not)h(b)q(eing)g(able)g(to)g(read)h(mail)c(on)j(those)h
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(mac)o(hines.)75 1993 y(\(No)h(home)e(directories)j(w)o(ere)g(lo)q(cated)f
|
|
(on)f(these)i(designated)g(CPU-serv)o(ers,)h(since)f(w)o(e)e(did)h(not)f(w)o
|
|
(an)o(t)h(NFS)75 2043 y(service)g(for)f(users')g(home)f(directories)i(to)f
|
|
(ha)o(v)o(e)f(to)h(comp)q(ete)g(with)f(in)o(tensiv)o(e)h(jobs.)27
|
|
b(A)o(t)17 b(the)g(same)f(time,)g(w)o(e)75 2093 y(discouraged)e(users)i(from)
|
|
c(running)h(demanding)g(applications)f(on)i(their)g(home)f(mac)o(hines.\))175
|
|
2167 y(Man)o(y)k(di\013eren)o(t)h(solutions)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h(prop)q
|
|
(osed)f(to)f(allo)o(w)f(users)j(to)f(read)g(their)g(mail)d(on)i(an)o(y)g
|
|
(host.)75 2217 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)d(all)e(of)i(these)h(solutions)f(fail)e
|
|
(in)h(one)h(or)g(more)f(of)g(sev)o(eral)i(w)o(a)o(ys:)137 2328
|
|
y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(they)14 b(in)o(tro)q(duce)h(new)f(single)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)f
|
|
(of)h(failure)137 2409 y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(they)14 b(require)h(using)f
|
|
(di\013eren)o(t)g(mail)e(transfer)i(agen)o(ts)h(\(MT)m(As\)[15)o(])e(or)h
|
|
(user)h(agen)o(ts)g(\(UAs\))137 2490 y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(they)16
|
|
b(do)f(not)g(solv)o(e)g(the)h(problem)e(for)h(all)f(cases,)i(i.e.)22
|
|
b(the)16 b(solution)e(is)h(only)g(partially)e(successful)k(for)e(a)179
|
|
2539 y(particular)e(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)175 2650 y(W)m(e)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h
|
|
(designed)g(a)f(simple)g(\014lesystem,)g(called)h(the)g Fh(Home-Link)h(File)f
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(System)p Fl(,)g(to)g(pro)o(vide)f(the)i(abilit)o(y)75 2700
|
|
y(to)d(deliv)o(er)h(mail)d(to)i(users')h(home)e(directories,)j(without)e(mo)q
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(di\014cation)f(to)h(mail-related)e(applications.)16 b(W)m(e)10
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b(ha)o(v)o(e)p eop
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%%Page: 2 2
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(p)q(ossible.)k(Of)c(great)g(imp)q(ortance)f(to)g(us)h(w)o(as)g(to)f(mak)o(e)
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|
g(sure)h(the)h(HLFS)75 91 y(daemon,)10 b Fk(hlfsd)o Fl(,)h(w)o(ould)g(not)g
|
|
(hang)g(under)h(an)o(y)f(circumstances,)h(and)f(w)o(ould)f(tak)o(e)i(the)g
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(next-b)q(est)h(action)d(when)75 141 y(faced)16 b(with)g(problems.)24
|
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b(Compared)15 b(to)g(alternativ)o(e)h(metho)q(ds,)g Fk(hlfsd)f
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Fl(is)h(a)g(stable,)g(more)f(general)h(solution,)75 191 y(and)g(easier)h(to)f
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(install/use.)25 b(In)16 b(fact,)g(in)g(some)f(w)o(a)o(ys,)i(w)o(e)f(ha)o(v)o
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(e)g(ev)o(en)h(managed)e(to)h(impro)o(v)o(e)e(the)j(reliabilit)o(y)75
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241 y(and)d(securit)o(y)h(of)e(mail)e(service.)175 315 y(Our)k(serv)o(er)i
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(implemen)o(ts)c(a)i(small)e(\014lesystem)i(con)o(taining)f(a)h(sym)o(b)q
|
|
(olic)f(link)g(to)h(a)g(sub)q(directory)i(of)d(the)75 365 y(in)o(v)o(oking)c
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(user's)j(home)e(directory)m(,)i(and)f(named)e(sym)o(b)q(olic)h(links)g(to)h
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(users')h(mailb)q(o)o(x)c(\014les.)18 b(An)13 b(example,)d(using)75
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415 y(pathnames)j(from)f(our)i(en)o(vironmen)o(t,)e(is)i(depicted)h(in)f
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(Figure)g(1.)1128 400 y Fg(1)p 75 477 1800 5 v 75 1424 a @beginspecial
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(ol)75 2322 y(directory)d(is)f(then)h(hard-moun)o(ted)e(across)i(ev)o(ery)g
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(mac)o(hine)e(on)h(the)h(lo)q(cal)e(net)o(w)o(ork.)22 b(In)16
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b(small)d(en)o(vironmen)o(ts)75 2371 y(with)f(only)g(a)g(handful)g(of)g
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(hosts)h(this)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(an)f(acceptable)i(solution.)i(In)d(our)f
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(departmen)o(t,)h(with)f(a)g(couple)h(of)75 2421 y(h)o(undred)j(activ)o(e)f
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(hosts)h(and)f(thousands)g(of)g(mail)d(messages)j(pro)q(cessed)j(daily)m(,)13
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b(this)i(w)o(as)g(deemed)g(completely)75 2471 y(unacceptable,)g(as)f(it)f(in)
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o(tro)q(duced)i(sev)o(eral)f(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)e(problems:)137
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2587 y Fi(\017)21 b Fm(Scalabili)o(t)o(y)12 b(and)i(P)o(erformance)p
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Fl(:)h(as)d(more)g(and)h(more)f(mac)o(hines)g(get)h(added)g(to)g(the)g(net)o
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(w)o(ork,)g(more)179 2637 y(mail)7 b(tra\016c)j(has)g(to)g(go)f(o)o(v)o(er)h
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(NFS)g(to)g(and)g(from)e(the)j(mail-serv)o(er.)k(Users)c(lik)o(e)f(to)f(run)i
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(mail-w)o(a)o(tc)o(hers[2)n(,)f(7)o(])179 2687 y(and)g(read)i(their)f(mail)d
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(often.)17 b(The)11 b(stress)i(on)d(the)i(shared)g(infrastructure)g
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(increases)g(with)f(ev)o(ery)g(user)h(and)965 2825 y(3)p eop
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bop 179 42 a Fl(host)14 b(added;)f(loads)g(on)h(the)g(mail)d(serv)o(er)k(w)o
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(ould)e(most)f(certainly)i(b)q(e)g(high)f(since)i(all)d(mail)f(deliv)o(ery)j
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(go)q(es)179 91 y(through)i(that)h(one)g(mac)o(hine.)672 76
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y Fg(4)715 91 y Fl(This)g(leads)g(to)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(reliabilit)o(y)f(and)h
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(p)q(erformance.)26 b(T)m(o)16 b(reduce)i(the)179 141 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)11
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b(of)g(concurren)o(t)j(connections)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(clien)o(ts)f(and)g
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(the)h(serv)o(er)g(host,)f(some)f(SAs)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(resorted)179
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191 y(to)16 b(automoun)o(ting)e(the)j(mail-sp)q(o)q(ol)c(directory)m(.)26
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b(But)17 b(this)g(solution)e(only)h(mak)o(es)f(things)h(w)o(orse:)24
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b(since)179 241 y(users)15 b(often)e(run)h(mail)d(w)o(atc)o(hers,)j(and)f
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(man)o(y)e(p)q(opular)i(applications)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f Fk(trn)p
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Fl(,)g Fk(emacs)p Fl(,)f Fk(csh)g Fl(or)i Fk(ksh)179 291 y
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Fl(c)o(hec)o(k)h(p)q(erio)q(dically)f(for)g(new)h(mail,)d(the)j(automoun)o
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(ted)e(directory)i(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(p)q(ermanen)o(tly)
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179 340 y(moun)o(ted.)g(If)c(it)g(gets)i(unmoun)o(ted)d(automatically)e(b)o
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(y)k(the)g(automoun)o(ter)e(program[3)n(],)h(it)g(is)g(most)f(lik)o(ely)179
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390 y(to)17 b(get)h(moun)o(ted)e(shortly)i(afterw)o(ards,)g(consuming)e(more)
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h(I/O)g(resources)j(b)o(y)d(the)h(constan)o(t)g(cycle)h(of)179
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440 y Fk(mount)13 b Fl(and)g Fk(umount)g Fl(calls.)137 523
|
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y Fi(\017)21 b Fm(Reliabil)o(i)o(t)o(y)p Fl(:)16 b(the)f(mail-serv)o(er)f
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(host)h(and)f(its)h(net)o(w)o(ork)f(connectivit)o(y)h(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(v)o
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(ery)g(reliable.)k(W)m(orse,)179 573 y(since)g(the)g(sp)q(o)q(ol)f(directory)
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h(has)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(hard-moun)o(ted,)1117 558 y Fg(5)1153
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573 y Fl(man)o(y)d(pro)q(cesses)21 b(whic)o(h)d(access)i(the)f(sp)q(o)q(ol)
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179 623 y(directory)f(\(v)n(arious)e(shells,)i Fk(login)p Fl(,)f
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Fk(emacs)p Fl(,)f(etc.\))30 b(w)o(ould)16 b(b)q(e)i(h)o(ung)f(as)g(long)g(as)
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g(connectivit)o(y)g(to)g(the)179 672 y(mail-serv)o(er)9 b(is)h(sev)o(ered.)19
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b(T)m(o)10 b(impro)o(v)o(e)f(reliabilit)o(y)m(,)f(SAs)j(ma)o(y)e(c)o(ho)q
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(ose)i(to)f(bac)o(kup)h(the)g(mail-serv)o(er's)e(sp)q(o)q(ol)179
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722 y(partition)16 b(sev)o(eral)h(times)g(a)f(da)o(y)m(.)27
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b(This)17 b(ma)o(y)e(mak)o(e)g(things)i(w)o(orse)h(since)f(reading)g(or)g
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(deliv)o(ering)g(mail)179 772 y(while)e(bac)o(kups)h(are)g(in)f(progress)i
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(ma)o(y)d(cause)j(bac)o(kups)f(to)f(b)q(e)i(inconsisten)o(t;)f(more)f(bac)o
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(kups)h(consume)179 822 y(more)d(bac)o(kup-media)f(resources,)k(and)d
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(increase)j(the)e(load)f(on)h(the)g(mail-serv)o(er)f(host.)75
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946 y Fj(2.3)56 b(Distributed)17 b(Mail)h(Sp)r(o)r(ol)g(Service)175
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1022 y Fl(Despite)d(the)f(existence)i(of)e(a)g(few)g(systems)h(that)f(supp)q
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(ort)h(deliv)o(ery)f(to)h(users')g(home)e(directories,)1763
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1007 y Fg(6)1797 1022 y Fl(mail)75 1071 y(deliv)o(ery)18 b(to)f(home)g
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(directories)i(hasn't)e(caugh)o(t)h(on.)29 b(W)m(e)17 b(b)q(eliev)o(e)i(the)f
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(main)d(reason)k(is)e(that)h(there)h(are)f(to)q(o)75 1121 y(man)o(y)12
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b(programs)h(that)h(\\kno)o(w")g(where)h(mailb)q(o)o(x)c(\014les)k(reside.)20
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b(Besides)15 b(the)g(ob)o(vious)f(\(the)h(deliv)o(ery)f(program)75
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1171 y Fk(/bin/mail)9 b Fl(and)i(mail)e(readers)k(lik)o(e)d
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Fk(/usr/ucb/Mail)p Fl(,)f Fk(mush)p Fl(,)h Fk(mm)p Fl(,)h(etc.\),)h(other)g
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(programs)e(that)h(kno)o(w)g(mailb)q(o)o(x)75 1221 y(lo)q(cation)g(are)g
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Fk(login)p Fl(,)g Fk(from)p Fl(,)g(almost)e(ev)o(ery)j(shell,)g
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Fk(xbiff)p Fl(,)e Fk(xmailbox)p Fl(,)g(and)h(ev)o(en)h(some)f(programs)f(not)
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i(directly)75 1271 y(related)h(to)g(mail,)c(suc)o(h)14 b(as)f
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Fk(emacs)e Fl(and)i Fk(trn)p Fl(.)k(Although)12 b(some)f(of)h(these)i
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(programs)e(can)h(b)q(e)g(con\014gured)g(to)g(lo)q(ok)75 1320
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(vironmen)o(t)g(v)n(ariables)h(and)g(other)g(resources,)j(man)o(y)16
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b(of)i(them)75 1370 y(cannot.)g(The)d(o)o(v)o(erall)d(p)q(orting)i(w)o(ork)f
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(is)h(signi\014can)o(t.)175 1445 y(Other)g(metho)q(ds)f(that)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g
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(y)o(et)g(to)g(catc)o(h)h(on)f(require)h(the)g(use)g(of)e(a)h(sp)q(ecial)h
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(mail-reading)c(serv)o(er,)k(suc)o(h)75 1495 y(as)g(IMAP[16)o(])f(or)h(POP)q
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([17)o(].)j(The)d(main)e(disadv)n(an)o(tage)h(of)g(these)i(systems)f(is)f
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(that)h(UAs)g(need)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(mo)q(di\014ed)75 1545 y(to)i(use)h(these)g
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(services)h(|)d(a)h(long)f(and)h(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)f(task.)24
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b(That)16 b(is)g(wh)o(y)f(they)i(are)f(not)g(p)q(opular)g(at)g(this)g(time.)
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75 1594 y(See)f(Section)f(6.1)f(for)h(more)e(details.)175 1669
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y(Sev)o(eral)h(other)i(ideas)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)g(prop)q(osed)h(and)e(ev)
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o(en)h(used)h(in)e(v)n(arious)g(en)o(vironmen)o(ts.)k(None)d(of)f(them)75
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1719 y(is)g(robust.)18 b(They)c(are)g(mostly)d(v)o(ery)j(sp)q(ecialized,)f
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(in\015exible,)g(and)g(do)g(not)g(extend)h(to)f(the)h(general)f(case.)19
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b(Some)75 1769 y(of)13 b(the)i(ideas)f(are)g(plain)f(bad,)g(p)q(oten)o
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(tially)g(leading)g(to)h(lost)f(or)h(corrupt)h(mail:)137 1885
|
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y Fi(\017)21 b Fm(automoun)o(ter)o(s)p Fl(:)14 b(using)f(an)f(automoun)o(ter)
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f(suc)o(h)i(as)g Fk(amd)p Fl([13)n(])f(to)g(pro)o(vide)g(a)g(set)i(of)d(sym)o
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(b)q(olic)g(links)h(from)179 1935 y(the)h(normal)e(sp)q(o)q(ol)i(directory)g
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(to)g(user)h(home)d(directories)j(is)f(not)g(su\016cien)o(t.)18
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b(UAs)13 b(rename,)f(unlink,)g(and)179 1985 y(recreate)20 b(the)f(mailb)q(o)o
|
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(x)c(as)k(a)f(regular)g(\014le,)h(therefore)g(it)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(a)f
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(real)g(\014le,)h(not)f(a)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)e(link.)179 2034
|
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y(F)m(urthermore,)d(it)g(m)o(ust)f(reside)j(in)e(a)g(real)g(directory)i(whic)
|
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o(h)e(is)g(writable)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(UAs)g(and)f(MT)m(As.)18
|
|
b(This)179 2084 y(metho)q(d)c(ma)o(y)g(also)h(require)h(p)q(opulating)e
|
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Fk(/var/spool/mail)e Fl(with)j(sym)o(b)q(olic)f(links)h(and)g(making)e(sure)
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179 2134 y(they)j(are)g(up)q(dated.)24 b(Making)15 b Fk(amd)g
|
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Fl(manage)f(that)i(directory)g(directly)g(fails,)f(since)i(man)o(y)c(v)n
|
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(arious)i(lo)q(c)o(k)179 2184 y(\014les)g(need)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(managed)e(as)h
|
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(w)o(ell)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.6\).)k(Also,)14 b Fk(amd)g Fl(do)q(es)h(not)g
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(pro)o(vide)f(all)g(of)g(the)h(NFS)179 2234 y(op)q(erations)f(whic)o(h)g(are)
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g(required)h(to)f(write)g(mail)d(suc)o(h)k(as)f Fh(write)p
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Fl(,)e Fh(cr)n(e)n(ate)p Fl(,)h Fh(r)n(emove)p Fl(,)g(and)g
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Fh(unlink)p Fl(.)137 2317 y Fi(\017)21 b Fm($MAIL)p Fl(:)15
|
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b(setting)g(this)h(v)n(ariable)e(to)h(an)h(automoun)o(ted)e(directory)i(p)q
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(oin)o(ting)e(to)h(the)h(user's)g(mail)d(sp)q(o)q(ol)179 2367
|
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y(host)g(only)f(solv)o(es)i(the)f(problem)f(for)h(those)g(programs)f(whic)o
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(h)h(kno)o(w)f(and)h(use)h($MAIL.)f(Man)o(y)f(programs)179
|
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2416 y(don't,)j(therefore)i(this)e(solution)g(is)g(partial)g(and)g(of)g
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(limited)e(\015exibilit)o(y)m(.)21 b(Also,)15 b(it)g(requires)i(the)f(SAs)g
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(or)179 2466 y(the)e(users)i(to)d(set)i(it)f(themselv)o(es)g(|)f(an)h(added)g
|
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(lev)o(el)f(of)h(incon)o(v)o(enience)g(and)g(p)q(ossible)g(failures.)p
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75 2501 720 2 v 121 2528 a Ff(4)139 2539 y Fe(Deliv)o(ery)8
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b(via)i(NFS-moun)o(ted)e(\014lesystems)h(ma)o(y)g(require)g(usage)h(of)g
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Fd(rpc.lockd)e Fe(and)i Fd(rpc.statd)d Fe(to)k(pro)o(vide)d(distributed)g
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(\014le-)75 2579 y(lo)q(c)o(king,)j(b)q(oth)g(of)i(whic)o(h)f(are)g(widely)f
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(regarded)g(as)h(unstable)f(and)g(unreliable.)16 b(F)m(urthermore,)10
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b(this)i(will)h(degrade)d(p)q(erformance)o(,)75 2618 y(as)h(lo)q(cal)g(pro)q
|
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(cesses)e(as)i(w)o(ell)h(as)f(remote)f Fd(nfsd)g Fe(pro)q(cesses)g(are)h(k)o
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(ept)f(busy)m(.)121 2646 y Ff(5)139 2658 y Fe(No)h(SA)h(in)f(their)g(righ)o
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(t)f(minds)g(w)o(ould)h(soft-moun)o(t)e(read/write)g(partitions)g(|)j(the)f
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(c)o(hances)e(for)i(data)g(loss)g(are)g(to)q(o)f(great.)121
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2686 y Ff(6)139 2697 y Fe(AIX)i(1.2's)e Fd(bellmail)f Fe(for)i(the)g(IBM)h
|
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(PS/2)p Fc(s)p Fe([9)n(],)f Fd(/bin/mail)e Fe(on)i(SunOS)f(for)h(the)g(Sun)f
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(386i)h(mac)o(hines,)e(and)h Fd(zmailer)p Fe([27)m(].)965 2825
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y Fl(4)p eop
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%%Page: 5 5
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bop 137 42 a Fi(\017)21 b Fm(/bin/mail)o Fl(:)h(using)17 b(a)g(di\013eren)o
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(t)h(mail)d(deliv)o(ery)i(agen)o(t)g(could)g(b)q(e)h(the)g(solution.)27
|
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b(One)18 b(suc)o(h)g(example)179 91 y(is)h Fk(hdmail)p Fl([6)n(].)34
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b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)21 b Fk(hdmail)d Fl(still)h(requires)h(mo)q(difying)d
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(all)h(UAs,)j(the)f(MT)m(A's)f(con\014guration,)179 141 y(installing)c(new)i
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(daemons,)e(and)i(c)o(hanging)e(login)h(scripts.)27 b(This)16
|
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b(mak)o(es)g(the)h(system)f(less)h(upgradable)179 191 y(or)f(compatible)f
|
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(with)i(others,)h(and)e(adds)h(one)g(more)f(complicated)f(system)h(for)h(SAs)
|
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g(to)f(deal)h(with.)26 b(It)179 241 y(is)14 b(not)g(a)g(complete)g(solution)g
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(b)q(ecause)i(it)e(still)f(requires)j(eac)o(h)f(user)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(their)f
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($MAIL)h(v)n(ariable)e(setup)179 291 y(correctly)m(,)h(and)g(that)g(ev)o(ery)
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g(program)e(use)j(this)f(v)n(ariable.)75 415 y Fj(2.3.1)55
|
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b(Wh)n(y)19 b(Deliv)n(er)e(In)n(to)i(the)f(Home)f(Directory?)175
|
|
490 y Fl(There)g(are)f(sev)o(eral)g(ma)r(jor)e(reasons)j(wh)o(y)f(SAs)g(migh)
|
|
o(t)e(w)o(an)o(t)h(to)h(deliv)o(er)g(mail)d(directly)j(in)o(to)f(the)i
|
|
(users')75 540 y(home)c(directories:)137 656 y Fi(\017)21 b
|
|
Fm(Lo)q(cation)p Fl(:)16 b(man)o(y)c(mail)g(readers)j(need)g(to)f(mo)o(v)o(e)
|
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e(mail)f(from)h(the)j(sp)q(o)q(ol)e(directory)i(to)f(the)g(user's)h(home)179
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706 y(directory)m(.)j(It)13 b(sp)q(eeds)h(up)f(this)g(op)q(eration)g(if)e
|
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(the)j(t)o(w)o(o)e(are)h(on)g(the)g(same)f(\014lesystem.)18
|
|
b(If)12 b(for)g(some)g(reason)179 756 y(the)19 b(user's)g(home)e(directory)i
|
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(is)g(inaccessible,)h(it)e(isn't)g(that)g(useful)g(to)h(b)q(e)g(able)f(to)g
|
|
(read)h(mail,)d(since)179 806 y(there)f(is)e(no)g(place)h(to)f(mo)o(v)o(e)f
|
|
(it)i(to.)737 791 y Fg(7)773 806 y Fl(In)f(some)g(cases,)i(trying)e(to)g(mo)o
|
|
(v)o(e)f(mail)f(to)i(a)h(non-existen)o(t)g(or)f(h)o(ung)179
|
|
856 y(\014lesystem)g(ma)o(y)f(result)j(in)f(mail)d(loss.)137
|
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939 y Fi(\017)21 b Fm(Distrib)o(uti)o(on)o Fl(:)27 b(ha)o(ving)19
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|
b(all)f(mail)f(sp)q(o)q(ol)j(directories)h(spread)f(among)e(the)i(man)o(y)e
|
|
(more)h(\014lesystems)179 988 y(minim)o(izes)14 b(the)j(c)o(hances)h(that)f
|
|
(complete)f(en)o(vironmen)o(ts)g(will)f(grind)h(to)g(a)g(halt)g(when)h(a)f
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|
(single)g(serv)o(er)179 1038 y(is)e(do)o(wn.)19 b(It)c(do)q(es)g(increase)g
|
|
(the)g(c)o(hance)h(that)e(there)i(will)d(b)q(e)i(someone)f(who)g(is)g(not)g
|
|
(able)g(to)h(read)g(their)179 1088 y(mail)d(when)j(a)g(mac)o(hine)e(is)i(do)o
|
|
(wn,)f(but)h(that)g(is)g(usually)f(preferred)j(to)d(ha)o(ving)g(no)h(one)g(b)
|
|
q(e)g(able)g(to)f(read)179 1138 y(their)j(mail)e(b)q(ecause)k(a)d(cen)o
|
|
(tralized)i(mail)d(serv)o(er)k(is)d(do)o(wn.)28 b(The)17 b(problem)f(of)h
|
|
(losing)f(some)g(mail)e(due)179 1188 y(to)i(the)h(\(presumably\))f(higher)g
|
|
(c)o(hances)i(that)e(a)g(user's)i(mac)o(hine)d(is)h(do)o(wn)g(is)g(minimi)o
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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(er,)179 1819 y(with)e(other)i(metho)q(ds,)e(if)g($MAIL)h(is)f(not)h(used,)g
|
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(mail)e(is)h(not)h(deliv)o(ered.)137 1902 y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(It)12
|
|
b(is)f(p)q(ossible)h(that)g(the)h(status)f(of)g(a)f(home)g(directory)h
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(access)i(will)c(c)o(hange)j(during)e(the)i(time)d(that)i Fk(hlfsd)179
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1952 y Fl(cac)o(hes)17 b(this)g(information.)23 b(Pic)o(king)15
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b(a)h(smaller)f(cac)o(he)i(expiration)f(time)f(can)i(alleviate)e(this)i
|
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(problem,)179 2002 y(but)d(it)g(increases)h(the)g(resources)h(tak)o(en)e(b)o
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(y)g Fk(hlfsd)f Fl(and)h(slo)o(ws)f(do)o(wn)h(access)i(to)e(mail.)h(It)f(is)g
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(left)g(for)f(the)179 2051 y(individual)f(SAs)i(to)g(c)o(hange)g(this)g
|
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(default)f(v)n(alue.)137 2134 y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(An)o(y)14 b(logins)e(with)i
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(the)h(same)e Fh(uid)h Fl(and)f(a)h(di\013eren)o(t)h(home)e(directory)h(ma)o
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(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(mail)d(deliv)o(ered)k(or)e(read)179 2184
|
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|
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Fk(Hlfsd)10 b Fl(stores)j(pathnames)d(in)g(an)h(in)o(ternal)g(hash)g(table)
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179 2234 y(k)o(ey)o(ed)i(b)o(y)g(the)g Fh(uid)p Fl(;)g(therefore,)h(it)f(is)g
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(unde\014ned)h(whic)o(h)f(pathname)f(is)g(returned)j(in)d(the)i(case)g(of)e
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(m)o(ultiple)179 2284 y(users)k(with)e(the)h(same)f Fh(uid)h
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Fl(and)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(home)f(directories.)21 b(W)m(e)14
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b(pro)o(vide)h(a)f(script)i(whic)o(h)e(c)o(hec)o(ks)i(for)179
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2334 y(this)e(situation)f(and)h(w)o(arns)g(the)g(SAs.)137 2417
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y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(On)16 b(systems)g(that)g(cannot)g(turn)g(o\013)g(the)g(NFS)
|
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g(attribute)g(cac)o(he,)h(the)g(k)o(ernel)f(migh)o(t)d(return)k(the)g(same)
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179 2467 y(sym)o(b)q(olic)8 b(link)h(name)f(for)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(di\013eren)o(t)
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i(users)g(who)f(access)h(the)g(sp)q(o)q(ol)e(directory)i(consecutiv)o(ely)m
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(,)f(p)q(ossibly)179 2516 y(resulting)17 b(in)f(mail)e(getting)i(deliv)o
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(ered)h(to)g(the)g(wrong)g(mailb)q(o)o(x!)23 b(On)17 b(these)h(systems,)f
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Fk(hlfsd)f Fl(will)f(not)179 2566 y(run)h(unless)g(started)g(with)f(a)h(sp)q
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(ecial)f(option.)22 b(In)16 b(that)f(case)i(it)e(will)f(set)i(the)g
|
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(attribute)g(cac)o(he)g(v)n(alue)f(to)179 2616 y(the)f(shortest)i(p)q
|
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(ossible)e(in)o(terv)n(al,)e(but)i(it)g(ma)o(y)e(not)i(b)q(e)g(su\016cien)o
|
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(t.)954 2825 y(12)p eop
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%%Page: 13 13
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bop 75 42 a Fj(6)56 b(Related)17 b(W)-5 b(ork)175 117 y Fl(The)18
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Fk(@SYS)p Fl(")f(v)n(ariables[4)n(].)23 b(Both)16 b(of)f(these)i(implemen)o
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(tations)75 216 y(supp)q(ort)11 b(replacemen)o(t)f(of)f(pathname)g(comp)q
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b(DOMAIN/OS)i(supp)q(orted)75 266 y(a)20 b(more)g(sophisticated)h(system)f
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h(referenced)i(in)75 316 y(pathnames[11)n(,)12 b(12].)k(On)d(the)g(issue)g
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i(reside)h(in)f(one)g(lo)q(cation,)75 366 y(Plan)h(9's)h Fh(attach)g
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440 y(What)f(is)h(new)g(ab)q(out)g(our)g(idea)g(is)g(that)g(w)o(e)g(do)f(not)
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(\014lesystem)75 490 y(implemen)o(tatio)o(n)c(in)i(the)i(k)o(ernel.)18
|
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(system)f(m)o(uc)o(h)g(more)75 540 y(widely)i(applicable.)175
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615 y(Though)i(at)h(\014rst)h(it)e(ma)o(y)f(app)q(ear)i(that)g
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(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)g Fk(hlfsd)e Fl(can.)75 822 y Fj(6.1)56 b(Mail-reading)17
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b(Serv)n(ers)175 897 y Fl(The)11 b(future)g(of)g(mail)d(reading)i(and)h
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(proto)q(col)g(used)75 947 y(for)g(managing)d(NetNews[10)q(,)j(19)o(].)17
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(vides)h(net)o(w)o(ork)f(connections)75 997 y(for)j(reading)f(and)h(writing)f
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|
(mail)e(remotely)m(.)175 1072 y(Sev)o(eral)19 b(suc)o(h)g(programs)f(exist,)i
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(most)e(notably)g(IMAP[16])g(and)h(POP[17].)32 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)20
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b(use)g(of)f(these)75 1122 y(serv)o(ers)14 b(is)e(limited)e(at)i(this)g(time)
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o(v)o(erted)g(to)f(use)h(them,)e(or)75 1171 y(they)i(require)h(sp)q(ecial)f
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Fl([18)o(])g(requires)h(AFS\).)e(P)o(orting)75 1221 y(those)18
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(service,)h(plus)75 1321 y(greatly)e(expanded)h(functionalit)o(y)e(\(p)q
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b(readers\).)75 1429 y Fj(7)56 b(Conclusion)175 1504 y Fl(W)m(e)16
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|
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|
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(are)h(inadequate,)f(and)g(the)g(design,)h(implemen)o(tatio)o(n,)d(p)q
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(erformance,)75 1604 y(and)14 b(con)o(v)o(enience)h(of)e(our)h(alternativ)o
|
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(e.)175 1678 y(The)i(main)f(con)o(tribution)g(of)h(our)g(w)o(ork)g(is)h(the)g
|
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(idea)f(mail)d(can)k(b)q(e)g(reliably)e(deliv)o(ered)i(to)f(user's)h(home)75
|
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1728 y(directories)12 b(for)e(easy)h(access)i(with)d(v)o(ery)h(little)f(o)o
|
|
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|
(terv)o(en)o(tion)75 1778 y(on)i(the)g(part)g(of)f(SAs.)175
|
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1853 y(A)h(w)o(orking)f(protot)o(yp)q(e)i(v)o(ersion)f(of)g
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Fk(hlfsd)f Fl(w)o(as)h(written)h(in)f(one)g(w)o(eek)o(end.)20
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|
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|
o(ork)h(programming)c(\(esp)q(ecially)13 b(RPC)o(\),)f(NFS,)75
|
|
1952 y Fk(amd)p Fl(,)h(and)g(mail)f(systems.)75 2060 y Fj(7.1)56
|
|
b(F)-5 b(uture)18 b(W)-5 b(ork)175 2135 y Fl(It)15 b(w)o(ould)e(b)q(e)j(p)q
|
|
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(y)g(in)o(to)g Fk(amd)p Fl(,)g(b)o(y)g(pro)o(viding)g(sp)q(ecial)75
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|
2185 y(k)o(eyw)o(ords)g(lik)o(e)f Fk($)p Fi(f)p Fk(home)p Fi(g)p
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|
Fl(,)f Fk($)p Fi(f)p Fk(user)p Fi(g)g Fl(and)i Fk($)p Fi(f)p
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Fk(group)p Fi(g)e Fl(for)i(use)h(in)e Fk(amd)p Fl('s)g(maps.)175
|
|
2260 y(W)m(e)e(plan)g(on)g(making)e(sure)k Fk(hlfsd)d Fl(is)h(as)h(p)q
|
|
(ortable)g(as)f Fk(amd)g Fl(is,)g(and)h(impro)o(ving)d(its)i(p)q(erformance)h
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(as)f(m)o(uc)o(h)75 2310 y(as)j(p)q(ossible.)k(An)c(RPC)g(in)o(terface)g(for)
|
|
g(querying)g Fk(hlfsd)o Fl('s)f(status)i(is)f(needed)h(as)f(w)o(ell.)75
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|
2418 y Fj(7.2)56 b(Alternativ)n(e)17 b(Uses)175 2493 y Fk(Hlfsd)o
|
|
Fl('s)g(primary)e(use)j(is)f(that)h(of)e(a)h(mail-sp)q(o)q(ol)e(redirector.)
|
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29 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)18 b(it)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)g(to)f(p)q(erform)75
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2543 y(other)e(tasks.)j(All)13 b(it)h(tak)o(es)g(are)g(the)h(righ)o(t)e
|
|
(command-li)o(ne)f(options:)137 2650 y Fi(\017)21 b Fk(Hlfsd)10
|
|
b Fl(can)h(manage)e(the)j Fk(/var/tmp)d Fl(directory)m(.)17
|
|
b(Th)o(us)12 b(ev)o(ery)f(user)h(who)f(uses)h Fk(/var/tmp)e
|
|
Fl(w)o(ould)g(actually)179 2700 y(b)q(e)j(using)e(a)h(sub)q(directory)i
|
|
(within)d(their)i(o)o(wn)e(home)g(directory)m(,)i(rather)g(than)f(taking)f
|
|
(from)f(system-wide)954 2825 y(13)p eop
|
|
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bop 179 42 a Fl(resources.)137 124 y Fi(\017)21 b Fl(Other)13
|
|
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|
|
(oled)f(to)g(a)g(particular)g(host,)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f Fh(Se)n(cr)n(et)h(Mail)p
|
|
Fl([24)n(])179 173 y(or)h(electronic)h(faxes)f(can)g(also)f(b)q(e)h
|
|
(redirected)i(for)e(sp)q(o)q(oling)f(in)o(to)g(home)g(directories.)75
|
|
296 y Fj(8)56 b(Ac)n(kno)n(wledgmen)n(ts)175 371 y Fl(Sp)q(ecial)10
|
|
b(thanks)h(go)e(to)i(Daniel)e(Duc)o(hamp)g(for)h(his)g(in)o(v)n(aluable)f
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|
(commen)o(ts)f(on)i(the)h(pap)q(er,)h(to)e(James)g(T)m(anis)75
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|
421 y(who)g(wrote)h(the)f(remailing)e(script)j(and)f(pro)o(vided)g(useful)g
|
|
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|
|
(sta\013)75 471 y(who)e(help)q(ed)h(in)f(stress-testing)i Fk(hlfsd)o
|
|
Fl(.)17 b(W)m(e)9 b(also)f(thank)h(man)o(y)f(mem)o(b)q(ers)g(of)g(the)i
|
|
Fk(amd-workers@acl.lan)o(l.gov)75 520 y Fl(mailing)h(list)i(for)h(pro)o
|
|
(viding)e(v)n(aluable)h(discussion)h(on)g(the)g(sub)r(ject.)175
|
|
595 y(This)f(w)o(ork)h(w)o(as)f(supp)q(orted)i(in)e(part)h(b)o(y)f(a)h
|
|
(National)e(Science)j(F)m(oundation)d(CISE)i(Institutional)f(Infras-)75
|
|
645 y(tructure)j(gran)o(t,)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(CD)o(A-90-24735.)175
|
|
720 y(As)i Fk(hlfsd)f Fl(uses)i(parts)f(of)f(the)i Fk(amd)e
|
|
Fl(distribution,)g(it)h(is)f(distributed)i(under)g(the)f(same)f(restrictions)
|
|
i(and)75 769 y(licenses)f(that)f Fk(amd)f Fl(is.)75 877 y Fj(9)56
|
|
b(References)75 952 y Fl([1])20 b(E.)14 b(Allman.)k(SENDMAIL)d({)f(An)h(In)o
|
|
(ternet)o(w)o(ork)h(Mail)d(Router.)21 b(In)14 b Fh(UNIX)i(System)f(Manager's)
|
|
h(Manual.)140 1002 y Fl(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)d(of)h(California,)d(Berk)o(eley)m
|
|
(,)j(1986.)75 1084 y([2])20 b(F.)g(C.)g(Baran.)39 b(MW:)20
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|
b(Mail-W)m(atc)o(h.)37 b(An)21 b(unpublished)g(man)o(ual)d(page,)k(Academic)e
|
|
(Systems)h(Group,)140 1134 y(Colum)o(bia)11 b(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)i(Cen)o(ter)i
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
(Institute,)f(Grenoble,)g(F)m(rance.)140 1398 y(Unpublished)g(notes)g(a)o(v)n
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
(ellmail\(1\)")o(,)e(pp.)i(1-84|1-87,)e(Decem)o(b)q(er)i(1989.)75
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|
1990 y([10])19 b(B.)14 b(Kan)o(tor)g(and)g(P)m(.)f(Lapsley)m(.)k(Net)o(w)o
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
(Levine,)h(B.)f(P)m(.)g(Douros,)h(J.)f(A.)h(Hamilton,)c(D.L.)j(Nelson,)g(and)
|
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h(B.)g(L.)f(Stumpf.)19 b Fh(The)140 2122 y(A)o(r)n(chite)n(ctur)n(e)14
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b(of)j(an)f(Inte)n(gr)n(ate)n(d)g(L)n(o)n(c)n(al)g(Network.)22
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b Fl(In)15 b Fh(IEEE)i(Journal)f(on)h(Sele)n(cte)n(d)f(A)o(r)n(e)n(as)g(in)g
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(Communi-)140 2172 y(c)n(ations,)d Fm(SA)o(C-1)p Fl(\(5\),)g(pp.)h(842-856,)e
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(No)o(v)o(em)o(b)q(er)h(1983.)75 2254 y([12])19 b(P)m(.)12
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b(H.)f(Levine.)16 b Fh(The)d(Ap)n(ol)r(lo)g(DOMAIN)g(Distribute)n(d)g(File)f
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(System.)k Fl(In)c Fh(NA)m(TO)g(ASI)i(Series:)j(The)n(ory)c(and)140
|
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2304 y(Pr)n(actic)n(e)k(of)i(Distribute)n(d)f(Op)n(er)n(ating)g(Systems,)g
|
|
Fl(Y.)g(P)o(ak)o(er,)g(J-P)m(.)g(Banatre,)h(M.)e(Bozyi\024)-21
|
|
b(git,)18 b(pp.)f(241-260,)140 2354 y(editors,)d(Springer-V)m(erlag,)f(1987.)
|
|
75 2436 y([13])19 b(J.)14 b(S.)g(P)o(endry)h(and)f(N.)g(William)o(s.)j
|
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Fh(A)o(md)e(-)g(The)g(4.4)g(BSD)h(A)o(utomounter)p Fl(.)k(Imp)q(erial)12
|
|
b(College)i(of)g(Science)140 2486 y(T)m(ec)o(hnology)f(and)g(Medicine,)h
|
|
(London.)f(Marc)o(h)h(1991.)75 2568 y([14])19 b(R.)14 b(Pik)o(e,)g(D.)f
|
|
(Presotto,)i(K.)f(Thompson,)f(and)h(H.)g(T)m(ric)o(k)o(ey)m(.)19
|
|
b Fh(Plan)d(9)f(fr)n(om)g(Bel)r(l)g(L)n(abs)p Fl(.)k(In)c Fh(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(e)n
|
|
(e)n(dings)g(of)140 2618 y(the)g(Summer)f(1990)i(UKUUG)f(Conf.)p
|
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Fl(,)e(London,)g(July)m(,)f(1990,)h(pp.)g(1-9.)75 2700 y([15])19
|
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b(J.)14 b(B.)g(P)o(ostel.)k(Simple)12 b(Mail)h(T)m(ransfer)h(Proto)q(col.)k
|
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(RF)o(C)13 b(821,)g(August)h(1982;)f(68)g(p.)954 2825 y(14)p
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eop
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%%Page: 15 15
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bop 75 42 a Fl([16])19 b(J.)14 b(Rice.)k(In)o(teractiv)o(e)d(Mail)d(Access)k
|
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(Proto)q(col.)i(RF)o(C)c(1203,)e(F)m(ebruary)i(1991;)f(49)g(p.)75
|
|
125 y([17])19 b(M.)14 b(Rose.)k(P)o(ost)c(O\016ce)h(Proto)q(col.)j(RF)o(C)13
|
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b(1225,)f(Ma)o(y)i(1991;)e(16)h(p.)75 208 y([18])19 b(J.)f(Roseneb)q(erg,)h
|
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(C.)f(F.)f(Ev)o(erhart,)i(and)f(N.)g(S.)f(Borenstein.)32 b
|
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Fh(A)o(n)19 b(Overview)f(of)g(the)h(A)o(ndr)n(ew)f(Message)140
|
|
257 y(System)p Fl(.)i(In)15 b Fh(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(e)n(e)n(dings)h(of)f(the)h(A)o
|
|
(CM)f(SIGCOMM)h('87)g(Workshop)p Fl(,)g(Sto)o(w)o(e,)e(V)m(ermon)o(t,)f
|
|
(August)j(11-13,)140 307 y(1987,)c(pp.)h(99-108.)75 390 y([19])19
|
|
b(R.)d(Salz.)24 b Fh(InterNetNews:)e(Usenet)17 b(tr)n(ansp)n(ort)g(for)f
|
|
(Internet)h(sites)p Fl(.)24 b(In)17 b Fh(Pr)n(o)n(c.)f(1992)i(Summer)f
|
|
(USENIX)140 440 y(Conf.)p Fl(,)c(pages)h(93{98,)e(June)j(1992.)75
|
|
523 y([20])k(R.)14 b(Sandb)q(erg)h(et)g(al.)k(Design)c(and)f(Implemen)o
|
|
(tation)e(of)i(the)h(Sun)f(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(Filesystem.)20 b(In)14
|
|
b Fh(Pr)n(o)n(c.)h(1985)140 573 y(Summer)g(Usenix)g(Conf.)p
|
|
Fl(,)e(pages)h(119-130,)e(June)i(1985.)75 656 y([21])19 b(Sun)13
|
|
b(Microsystems,)f(Inc.)k(SunOS)d(Reference)h(Man)o(ual,)e(V)m(olume)e(I,)i
|
|
(Section)h(1:)k(\\bi\013\(1\)",)12 b(Septem)o(b)q(er)h(9,)140
|
|
706 y(1987.)75 789 y([22])19 b(Sun)11 b(Microsystems,)f(Inc.)j(SunOS)e
|
|
(Reference)i(Man)o(ual,)d(V)m(olume)e(I)q(I,)i(Section)h(3:)16
|
|
b(\\syslog\(3\)",)10 b(Septem)o(b)q(er)140 839 y(9,)j(1987.)75
|
|
922 y([23])19 b(Sun)g(Microsystems,)f(Inc.)33 b(SunOS)19 b(Reference)h(Man)o
|
|
(ual,)e(V)m(olume)f(I,)h(Section)h(1:)27 b(\\comsat\(8c\)",)18
|
|
b(and)140 971 y(\\in.comsat\(8c\)",)11 b(Septem)o(b)q(er)k(9,)e(1987.)75
|
|
1054 y([24])19 b(Sun)14 b(Microsystems,)f(Inc.)k(SunOS)d(Reference)h(Man)o
|
|
(ual,)d(V)m(olume)f(I,)i(Section)h(1:)j(\\xsend\(1\)",)d(\\xget\(1\)",)140
|
|
1104 y(and)f(\\enroll\(1\)",)g(Septem)o(b)q(er)h(9,)f(1987.)75
|
|
1187 y([25])19 b(Sun)f(Microsystems,)g(Inc.)31 b(NFS:)18 b(Net)o(w)o(ork)g
|
|
(File)g(System)f(Proto)q(col)h(sp)q(eci\014cation.)31 b(RF)o(C)17
|
|
b(1094,)h(1989)140 1237 y(Marc)o(h;)13 b(27)h(p.)75 1320 y([26])19
|
|
b(L.)c(W)m(all)f(and)h(R.)f(L.)h(Sc)o(h)o(w)o(artz.)23 b Fh(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n
|
|
(amming)16 b(Perl)p Fl(.)22 b(O'Reilly)14 b(&)h(Asso)q(ciates,)i(Inc.,)e
|
|
(Sebastop)q(ol,)h(CA)140 1370 y(\(1991\).)75 1453 y([27])j(R.)d(S.)g(Zac)o
|
|
(hariassen.)26 b Fh(ZMOG:)18 b(The)f(ZMailer)g(Op)n(er)n(ations)f(Guide)p
|
|
Fl(.)26 b(Av)n(ailable)15 b(via)g(ftp)i(as)f(part)h(of)e(the)140
|
|
1503 y(ZMailer)e(distribution)h(from)e Fk(ftp.uu.net:/netwo)o(rkin)o(g/mai)o
|
|
(l/zma)o(iler)p Fl(.)75 1627 y Fj(10)56 b(Author)19 b(Information)175
|
|
1702 y Fm(Erez)f(Zadok)e Fl(is)g(an)f(MS)h(candidate)g(and)g(full-time)d
|
|
(Sta\013)k(Asso)q(ciate)f(in)g(the)g(Computer)g(Science)h(De-)75
|
|
1752 y(partmen)o(t)11 b(at)h(Colum)o(bia)d(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)m(.)16
|
|
b(His)c(primary)e(in)o(terests)k(include)e(op)q(erating)f(systems,)h(\014le)g
|
|
(systems,)g(and)75 1802 y(w)o(a)o(ys)j(to)g(ease)h(system)f(administration)e
|
|
(tasks.)23 b(In)15 b(Ma)o(y)g(1991,)f(he)i(receiv)o(ed)g(his)f(B.S.)g(in)g
|
|
(Computer)g(Science)75 1852 y(from)g(Colum)o(bia's)f(Sc)o(ho)q(ol)i(of)g
|
|
(Engineering)h(and)f(Applied)h(Science.)28 b(Erez)18 b(came)e(to)g(the)i
|
|
(United)f(States)g(six)75 1902 y(y)o(ears)d(ago)e(and)i(has)f(liv)o(ed)g(in)g
|
|
(New)g(Y)m(ork)g(\\Sin")g(Cit)o(y)f(ev)o(er)j(since.)j(In)c(his)f(rare)h
|
|
(free)g(time)e(Erez)j(is)e(an)g(amateur)75 1951 y(photographer,)h(science)h
|
|
(\014ction)f(dev)o(otee,)h(and)e(ro)q(c)o(k-n-roll)g(fan.)175
|
|
2026 y(Mailing)h(address:)25 b(500)16 b(W)m(est)h(120)747 2011
|
|
y Fa(th)797 2026 y Fl(Street,)h(Colum)o(bia)c(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)m(,)i(New)h(Y)
|
|
m(ork,)g(NY)f(10027.)25 b(Email)75 2076 y(address:)19 b Fk
|
|
(ezk@cs.columbia.edu)o Fl(.)175 2151 y Fm(Alexander)10 b(Dupuy)g
|
|
Fl(has)h(b)q(een)h(a)e(Senior)h(Researc)o(h)i(Sta\013)e(Asso)q(ciate)h(for)e
|
|
(the)i(Distributed)f(Computing)75 2200 y(and)i(Comm)o(uni)o(cations)d(Lab)j
|
|
(in)f(the)i(Computer)e(Science)i(Departmen)o(t)f(at)f(Colum)o(bia)e(Univ)o
|
|
(ersit)o(y)j(for)g(the)g(last)75 2250 y(7)h(y)o(ears.)21 b(He)16
|
|
b(has)f(recen)o(tly)g(tak)o(en)g(a)f(p)q(osition)h(at)f(System)g(Managemen)o
|
|
(t)g(AR)m(TS,)f(a)i(small)d(startup)k(compan)o(y)75 2300 y(dev)o(eloping)e
|
|
(net)o(w)o(ork)h(and)g(systems)g(managemen)o(t)d(tec)o(hnology)m(.)20
|
|
b(A)15 b(nativ)o(e)g(b)q(orn)g(and)g(bred)g(New)h(Y)m(ork)o(er,)e(he)75
|
|
2350 y(insists)g(that)g(w)o(orking)f(in)h(the)g(suburbs)h(is)f(not)g(the)g
|
|
(\014rst)h(step)g(to)o(w)o(ards)f(living)e(there.)175 2425
|
|
y(Mailing)h(address:)23 b(System)15 b(Managemen)o(t)f(AR)m(TS,)g(199)h(Main)g
|
|
(Street,)h(Suite)g(900,)f(White)g(Plains,)g(NY)75 2474 y(10601.)i(Email)11
|
|
b(address:)20 b Fk(dupuy@smarts.co)o(m)p Fl(.)954 2825 y(15)p
|
|
eop
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|
%%Trailer
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end
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userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
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%%EOF
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