434 lines
9.8 KiB
Groff
434 lines
9.8 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: installboot.8,v 1.15 2002/05/15 13:39:22 lukem Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Luke Mewburn of Wasabi Systems.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd May 15, 2002
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.Dt INSTALLBOOT 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm installboot
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.Nd install disk bootstrap software
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.
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ""
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.Op Fl nv
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl m Ar machine
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl o Ar options
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl t Ar fstype
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl b Ar s1bno
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl B Ar s2bno
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.Ek
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.Ar filesystem
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.Ar primary
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.Op Ar secondary
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.Nm ""
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.Fl c
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.Op Fl nv
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl m Ar machine
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl o Ar options
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl t Ar fstype
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.Ek
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.Ar filesystem
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.
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility installs and removes
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.Nx
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disk bootstrap software into a file system.
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.Nm
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can install
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.Ar primary
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into
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.Ar filesystem ,
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or disable an existing bootstrap in
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.Ar filesystem .
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.Pp
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Generally,
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.Nx
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disk bootstrap software consists of two parts: a
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.Dq primary
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bootstrap program usually written into the disklabel area of the
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file system by
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.Nm "" ,
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and a
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.Dq secondary
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bootstrap program that usually resides as an ordinary file in the file system.
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.Pp
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When booting, the primary bootstrap program is loaded and invoked by
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the machine's PROM or BIOS.
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After receiving control of the system it loads and runs the secondary
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bootstrap program, which in turn loads and runs the kernel.
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The secondary bootstrap may allow control over various boot parameters
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passed to the kernel.
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.Pp
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Some platform
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.Pq Fl m Ar machine
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and file system type
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.Pq Fl t Ar fstype
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combinations require that the name of the secondary bootstrap is
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supplied as
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.Ar secondary ,
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so that information such as the disk block numbers occupied
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by the secondary bootstrap can be stored in the primary bootstrap.
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These are:
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.Bl -column "Platform" "File systems" -offset indent
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.It Sy "Platform" Ta Sy "File systems"
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.It macppc Ta ffs, raw
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.It sparc Ta ffs, raw
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.It sun2 Ta ffs, raw
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.El
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.Pp
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Perform the following steps to make a file system bootable:
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Copy the secondary bootstrap (usually
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE )
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to the root directory of the target file system.
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.Pp
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.Nx Ns Tn /pmax
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requires that this file system starts at block 0 of the disk.
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.Pp
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The secondary
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
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bootstrap is located in
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.Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot .
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.
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.It
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Use
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.Nm
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to install the primary bootstrap program
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(usually
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.Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx. Ns Sy <fs> )
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into
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.Ar filesystem .
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.Pp
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The following platforms do not require this step if the primary bootstrap
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already exists and the secondary bootstrap file is just being updated:
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.Sy alpha ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy sparc64 ,
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and
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.Sy vax .
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.Pp
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The primary
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
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bootstrap is located in
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.Pa /usr/mdec/bootblk .
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.El
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.Pp
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The options recognized by
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.Nm
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are as follows:
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.
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.Bl -tag -width "optionsxxx"
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.
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.It Fl b Ar s1bno
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Install
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.Ar primary
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at block number
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.Ar s1bno
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instead of the default location for the machine and file system type.
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.Sy [ alpha ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy vax ]
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.
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.It Fl B Ar s2bno
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When hard-coding the blocks of
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.Ar secondary
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into
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.Ar primary ,
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start from block
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.Ar s2bno
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instead of trying to determine the block numbers occupied by
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.Ar secondary
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by examining
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.Ar filesystem .
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If this option is supplied,
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.Ar secondary
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should refer to an actual secondary bootstrap (rather than the
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file name of the one present in
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.Ar filesystem )
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so that its size can be determined.
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.
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.It Fl c
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Clear (remove) any existing bootstrap instead of installing one.
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.
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.It Fl m Ar machine
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Use
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.Ar machine
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as the target machine type.
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The default machine is determined from
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.Xr uname 3
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and then
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.Ev MACHINE .
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The following machines are currently supported by
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.Nm "" :
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.Sy alpha ,
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.Sy macppc ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy sparc ,
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.Sy sparc64 ,
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.Sy sun2 ,
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.Sy vax
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.Ed
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.
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.
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.It Fl n
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Do not write to
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.Ar filesystem .
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.
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.It Fl o Ar options
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Machine specific
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.Nm
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options, comma separated.
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.Pp
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Supported options are (with the machines for they are valid in brackets):
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.
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width alphasum
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.
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.It Sy alphasum
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.Sy [ alpha ]
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Recalculate and restore the Alpha checksum.
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This is the default for
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.Nx Ns Tn /alpha .
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.
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.It Sy append
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.Sy [ pmax ,
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.Sy vax ]
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Append
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.Ar primary
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to the end of
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.Ar filesystem ,
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which must be a regular file in this case.
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.
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.It Sy sunsum
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.Sy [ pmax ,
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.Sy vax ]
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Recalculate and restore the Sun and
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc
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compatible checksum.
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.Em Note :
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The existing
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc
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disklabel should use no more than 4 partitions.
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.El
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.
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.It Fl t Ar fstype
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Use
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.Ar fstype
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as the type of
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.Ar filesystem .
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The default operation is to attempt to auto-detect this setting.
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The following file system types are currently supported by
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.Nm "" :
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.
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width ffs
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.
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.It Sy ffs
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.Bx
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Fast File System.
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.
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.It Sy raw
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.Sq Raw
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image.
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Note: if a platform needs to hard-code the block offset of the secondary
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bootstrap, it cannot be searched for on this file system type, and must
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be provided with
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.Fl B Ar s2bno .
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.El
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.
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.It Fl v
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Verbose operation.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm
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exits 0 on success, and \*[Gt]0 if an error occurs.
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.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Nm
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uses the following environment variables:
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.
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.Bl -tag -width "MACHINE"
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.
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.It Ev MACHINE
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Default value for
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.Ar machine ,
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overriding the result from
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.Xr uname 3 .
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.
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.El
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.
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.Sh FILES
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Most NetBSD ports will contain variations of the following files:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/boot.$MACHINE
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ Ns Sy <fs>
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Primary bootstrap for file system type
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.Sy <fs> .
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Installed into the bootstrap area of the file system by
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.Nm "" .
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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Secondary bootstrap for machine type
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.Sy MACHINE .
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This should be installed into the file system before
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.Nm
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is run.
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.
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.It Pa /boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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Installed copy of secondary bootstrap for machine type
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.Sy MACHINE .
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.
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.It Pa /boot
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Installed copy of secondary bootstrap.
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Searched for by the primary bootstrap if
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.Pa /boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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is not found.
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.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Ss NetBSD/sparc64 files
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.
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/boot.$MACHINE
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootblk
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
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primary bootstrap.
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
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secondary bootstrap.
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.
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.It Pa /ofwboot
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Installed copy of
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
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secondary bootstrap.
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.
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.El
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.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Ss NetBSD/pmax examples
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Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk
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.Sq sd0 :
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.D1 Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs
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.Pp
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Remove the primary bootstrap from disk
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.Sq sd1 :
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.Dl Ic installboot -c /dev/swd1c
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.Pp
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Install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the file
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.Pa /tmp/cd-image :
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.Dl Ic installboot -m pmax /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660
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.Pp
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Make an ISO 9660 filesystem in the file
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.Pa /tmp/cd-image
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and install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the filesystem, where the
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source directory for the ISO 9660 filesystem contains a kernel, the
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primary bootstrap
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.Pa bootxx_cd9660
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and the secondary bootstrap
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.Pa boot.pmax :
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.Dl Ic mkisofs -o /tmp/cd-image -a -l -v iso-source-dir
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.Dl ...
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.Dl 48 51 iso-source-dir/bootxx_cd9660
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.Dl ...
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.Dl Ic installboot -b `expr 48 \e* 4` /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660
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.
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.Ss NetBSD/sun2 examples
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Verbosely install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to
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disk
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.Sq sd0 ,
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with the secondary bootstrap
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.Sq Pa /boot
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already present:
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.D1 Ic installboot -v /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs /boot
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr uname 3 ,
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.Xr boot 8 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr init 8
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.
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.Sh HISTORY
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This implementation of
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.Nm
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appeared in
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.Nx 1.6 .
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.
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.Sh AUTHORS
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The machine independent portion of this implementation of
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.Nm
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was written by Luke Mewburn.
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The following people contributed to the various machine dependent
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back-ends:
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Simon Burge (pmax),
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Chris Demetriou (alpha),
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Matthew Fredette (sun2),
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Matthew Green (sparc64),
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Ross Harvey (alpha),
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Paul Kranenburg (sparc),
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Luke Mewburn (macppc),
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and
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Matt Thomas (vax).
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.
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.Sh BUGS
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There are not currently primary bootstraps to support all file systems
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types which are capable of being the root file system.
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.Ss NetBSD/pmax bugs
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The
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.Nx Ns Tn /pmax
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secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file
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systems starting at the beginning of disks.
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.Pp
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The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
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though some file systems (e.g. ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
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ones.
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