NetBSD/dist/pkg_install/create/pkg_create.1

.\" $NetBSD: pkg_create.1,v 1.1.1.4 2007/12/24 00:03:05 joerg Exp $
.\"
.\" FreeBSD install - a package for the installation and maintenance
.\" of non-core utilities.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" Jordan K. Hubbard
.\"
.\"
.\"     @(#)pkg_create.1
.\"	from FreeBSD Id: pkg_create.1,v 1.19 1997/05/02 22:00:05 max Exp
.\"
.\" hacked up by John Kohl for NetBSD--fixed a few bugs, extended keywords,
.\" added dependency tracking, etc.
.\"
.\" [jkh] Took John's changes back and made some additional extensions for
.\" better integration with FreeBSD's new ports collection.
.\"
.Dd August 10, 2007
.Dt PKG_CREATE 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pkg_create
.Nd a utility for creating software package distributions
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl ElORUVv
.Bk -words
.Op Fl B Ar build-info-file
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl b Ar build-version-file
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl C Ar cpkgs
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl D Ar displayfile
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl g Ar group
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl I Ar realprefix
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl i Ar iscript
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl K Ar pkg_dbdir
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl k Ar dscript
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl L Ar SrcDir
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl n Ar preserve-file
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl P Ar dpkgs
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl T Ar buildpkgs
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl p Ar prefix
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl S Ar size-all-file
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl s Ar size-pkg-file
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl t Ar template
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Op Fl u Ar owner
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Fl c Ar comment
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Fl d Ar description
.Ek
.Bk -words
.Fl f Ar packlist
.Ek
.Ar pkg-name
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command is used to create packages that will subsequently be fed to
one of the package extraction/info utilities.
The input description and command line arguments for the creation of a
package are not really meant to be human-generated, though it is easy
enough to do so.
It is more expected that you will use a front-end tool for
the job rather than muddling through it yourself.
Nonetheless, a short description of the input syntax is included in this
document.
.Sh OPTIONS
The following command line options are supported:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl B Ar build-info-file
Install the file
.Ar build-info-file
so that users of binary packages can see what
.Xr make 1
definitions
were used to control the build when creating the
binary package.
This allows various build definitions to be retained in a binary package
and viewed wherever it is installed, using
.Xr pkg_info 1 .
.It Fl b Ar build-version-file
Install the file
.Ar build-version-file
so that users of binary packages can see what versions of
the files used to control the build were used when creating the
binary package.
This allows some fine-grained version control information to be retained
in a binary package and viewed wherever it is installed, using
.Xr pkg_info 1 .
.It Fl C Ar cpkgs
Set the initial package conflict list to
.Ar cpkgs .
This is assumed to be a whitespace separated list of package names
and is meant as a convenient shorthand for specifying multiple
.Cm @pkgcfl
directives in the packing list (see PACKING LIST DETAILS section below).
.It Fl c Ar [-]desc
Fetch package
.Pq one line description
from file
.Ar desc
or, if preceded by
.Cm - ,
the argument itself.
This string should also give some idea of which version of the product
(if any) the package represents.
.It Fl D Ar displayfile
Display the file after installing the package.
Useful for things like legal notices on almost-free software, etc.
.It Fl d Ar [-]desc
Fetch long description for package from file
.Ar desc
or, if preceded by
.Cm - ,
the argument itself.
.It Fl E
Add an empty views file to the package.
.It Fl f Ar packlist
Fetch
.Pq packing list
for package from the file
.Ar packlist
or
.Cm stdin
if
.Ar packlist
is a
.Cm -
(dash).
.It Fl g Ar group
Make
.Ar group
the default group ownership instead of extracting it from the file system.
.It Fl I Ar realprefix
Provide the real prefix, as opposed to the staging prefix, for use in
staged installations of packages.
.It Fl i Ar iscript
Set
.Ar iscript
to be the install procedure for the package.
This can be any executable program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically when the package is later installed.
.It Fl K Ar pkg_dbdir
Set
.Ar pkg_dbdir
as the package database directory.
If this option isn't specified, then the package database directory is
taken from the value of the environment variable
.Ev PKG_DBDIR
if it's set, otherwise it defaults to
.Pa /var/db/pkg .
.It Fl k Ar dscript
Set
.Ar dscript
to be the de-install procedure for the package.
This can be any executable program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically
when the package is later (if ever) de-installed.
.It Fl L Ar SrcDir
This sets the package's @src directive; see below for a description
of what this does.
.It Fl l
Check that any symbolic links which are to be placed in the package are
relative to the current prefix.
This means using
.Xr unlink 2
and
.Xr symlink 2
to remove and re-link
any symbolic links which are targeted at full path names.
.It Fl n Ar preserve-file
The file is used to denote that the package should not be deleted.
This is intended for use where the deletion of packages may present
a bootstrap problem.
.It Fl O
Go into a
.Pq packing list only
mode.
This is used to do
.Pq fake pkg_add
operations when a package is installed.
In such cases, it is necessary to know what the final, adjusted packing
list will look like.
.It Fl P Ar dpkgs
Set the initial package dependency list to
.Ar dpkgs .
This is assumed to be a whitespace separated list of package names
and is meant as a convenient shorthand for specifying multiple
.Cm @pkgdep
directives in the packing list (see PACKING LIST DETAILS section below).
In addition, the exact versions of the packages referred to in the
.Ar dpkgs
list will be added to the packing list in the form of
.Cm @blddep
directives.
.It Fl T Ar buildpkgs
The exact versions of the packages referred to in the
.Ar buildpkgs
list will be added to the packing list in the form of
.Cm @blddep
directives.
This directives are stored after those created by the
.Fl P
option.
.Ar buildpkgs
is assumed to be a whitespace separated list of package names.
.It Fl p Ar prefix
Set
.Ar prefix
as the initial directory
.Pq base
to start from in selecting files for
the package.
.It Fl R
Re-order any directories in the pkg/PLIST file into reverse alphabetic
order, so that child directories will automatically be removed before
parent directories.
.It Fl S Ar size-all-file
Store the given file for later querying with the
.Xr pkg_info 1
.Fl S
flag.
The file is expected to contain the size (in bytes) of all files of
this package plus any required packages added up and stored as a
ASCII string, terminated by a newline.
.It Fl s Ar size-pkg-file
Store the given file for later querying with the
.Xr pkg_info 1
.Fl s
flag.
The file is expected to contain the size (in bytes) of all files of
this package added up and stored as a ASCII string, terminated by a newline.
.It Fl t Ar template
Use
.Ar template
as the input to
.Xr mktemp 3 .
By default, this is the string
.Pa /tmp/instmp.XXXXXX ,
but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where
space in your
.Pa /tmp
directory is limited.
Be sure to leave some number of
.Sq X
characters for
.Xr mktemp 3
to fill in with a unique ID.
.It Fl U
Do not update the package file database with any file information.
.It Fl u Ar owner
Make
.Ar owner
the default owner instead of extracting it from the file system.
.It Fl V
Print version number and exit.
.It Fl v
Turn on verbose output.
.El
.Sh PACKING LIST DETAILS
The
.Pq packing list
format (see
.Fl f )
is fairly simple, being
nothing more than a single column of filenames to include in the
package.
However, since absolute pathnames are generally a bad idea
for a package that could be installed potentially anywhere, there is
another method of specifying where things are supposed to go
and, optionally, what ownership and mode information they should be
installed with.
This is done by embedding specialized command sequences
in the packing list.
Briefly described, these sequences are:
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Cm @cwd Ar directory
Set the internal directory pointer to point to
.Ar directory .
All subsequent filenames will be assumed relative to this directory.
Note:
.Cm @cd
is also an alias for this command.
.It Cm @src Ar directory
Set the internal directory pointer for _creation only_ to
.Ar directory .
That is to say that it overrides
.Cm @cwd
for package creation but not extraction.
.It Cm @exec Ar command
Execute
.Ar command
as part of the unpacking process.
If
.Ar command
contains any of the following sequences somewhere in it, they will
be expanded inline.
For the following examples, assume that
.Cm @cwd
is set to
.Pa /usr/local
and the last extracted file was
.Pa bin/emacs .
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Cm "\&%F"
Expands to the last filename extracted (as specified), in the example case
.Pa bin/emacs
.It Cm "\&%D"
Expand to the current directory prefix, as set with
.Cm @cwd ,
in the example case
.Pa /usr/local .
.It Cm "\&%B"
Expand to the
.Pq basename
of the fully qualified filename, that
is the current directory prefix, plus the last filespec, minus
the trailing filename.
In the example case, that would be
.Pa /usr/local/bin .
.It Cm "\&%f"
Expand to the
.Pq filename
part of the fully qualified name, or
the converse of
.Cm \&%B ,
being in the example case,
.Pa emacs .
.El
.It Cm @unexec Ar command
Execute
.Ar command
as part of the deinstallation process.
Expansion of special
.Cm \&%
sequences is the same as for
.Cm @exec .
This command is not executed during the package add, as
.Cm @exec
is, but rather when the package is deleted.
This is useful for deleting links and other ancillary files that were created
as a result of adding the package, but not directly known to the package's
table of contents (and hence not automatically removable).
The advantage of using
.Cm @unexec
over a deinstallation script is that you can use the
.Pq special sequence expansion
to get at files regardless of where they've
been potentially redirected (see
.Fl p ) .
.It Cm @mode Ar mode
Set default permission for all subsequently extracted files to
.Ar mode .
Format is the same as that used by the
.Cm chmod
command (well, considering that it's later handed off to it, that's
no surprise).
Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction) permissions.
.It Cm @option Ar option
Set internal package options, the only currently supported one
being
.Ar preserve ,
which tells pkg_add to move any existing files out of the way,
preserving the previous contents (which are also resurrected on
pkg_delete, so caveat emptor).
.It Cm @owner Ar user
Set default ownership for all subsequently extracted files to
.Ar user .
Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction)
ownership.
.It Cm @group Ar group
Set default group ownership for all subsequently extracted files to
.Ar group .
Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction)
group ownership.
.It Cm @comment Ar string
Imbed a comment in the packing list.
Useful in trying to document some particularly hairy sequence that
may trip someone up later.
.It Cm @ignore
Used internally to tell extraction to ignore the next file (don't
copy it anywhere), as it's used for some special purpose.
.It Cm @ignore_inst
Similar to
.Cm @ignore ,
but the ignoring of the next file is delayed one evaluation cycle.
This makes it possible to use this directive in the
.Ar packinglist
file, so you can pack a
specialized datafile in with a distribution for your install script (or
something) yet have the installer ignore it.
.It Cm @name Ar name
Set the name of the package.
This is mandatory and is usually put at the top.
This name is potentially different than the name of the file it came in,
and is used when keeping track of the package for later deinstallation.
Note that
.Nm
will derive this field from the package name and add it automatically
if none is given.
.It Cm @dirrm Ar name
Declare directory
.Pa name
to be deleted at deinstall time.
By default, directories created by a package installation are not deleted
when the package is deinstalled; this provides an explicit directory cleanup
method.
This directive should appear at the end of the package list.
If more than one
.Cm @dirrm
directives are used, the directories are removed in the order specified.
The
.Pa name
directory will not be removed unless it is empty.
.It Cm @display Ar name
Declare
.Pa name
as the file to be displayed at install time (see
.Fl D
above).
.It Cm @pkgdep Ar pkgname
Declare a dependency on the
.Ar pkgname
package.
The
.Ar pkgname
package must be installed before this package may be
installed, and this package must be deinstalled before the
.Ar pkgname
package is deinstalled.
Multiple
.Cm @pkgdep
directives may be used if the package depends on multiple other packages.
.It Cm @blddep Ar pkgname
Declare that this package was built with the exact version
of
.Ar pkgname
(since the
.Cm @pkgdep
directive may contain wildcards or relational
package version information).
.It Cm @pkgcfl Ar pkgcflname
Declare a conflict with the
.Ar pkgcflname
package, as the two packages contain references to the same files,
and so cannot co-exist on the same system.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pkg_add 1 ,
.Xr pkg_admin 1 ,
.Xr pkg_delete 1 ,
.Xr pkg_info 1 ,
.Xr sysconf 3 ,
.Xr pkgsrc 7
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
.Fx .
.Sh AUTHORS
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Jordan Hubbard
most of the work
.It John Kohl
refined it for
.Nx
.It Hubert Feyrer
.Nx
wildcard dependency processing, pkgdb, pkg size recording etc.
.El
.Sh BUGS
Hard links between files in a distribution must be bracketed by
.Cm @cwd
directives in order to be preserved as hard links when the package is
extracted.
They additionally must not end up being split between
.Cm tar
invocations due to exec argument-space limitations (this depends on the
value returned by
.Fn sysconf _SC_ARG_MAX ) .