425 lines
14 KiB
Groff
425 lines
14 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "NM 1"
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.TH NM 1 "2002-08-05" "binutils-2.12.91" "GNU Development Tools"
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.SH "NAME"
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nm \- list symbols from object files
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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nm [\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-\-debug\-syms\fR] [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-extern\-only\fR]
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[\fB\-B\fR] [\fB\-C\fR|\fB\-\-demangle\fR[=\fIstyle\fR]] [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-dynamic\fR]
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[\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-print\-size\fR] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\-print\-armap\fR]
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[\fB\-A\fR|\fB\-o\fR|\fB\-\-print\-file\-name\fR]
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[\fB\-n\fR|\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-numeric\-sort\fR] [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-no\-sort\fR]
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[\fB\-r\fR|\fB\-\-reverse\-sort\fR] [\fB\-\-size\-sort\fR] [\fB\-u\fR|\fB\-\-undefined\-only\fR]
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[\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR|\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fIradix\fR] [\fB\-P\fR|\fB\-\-portability\fR]
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[\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR] [\fB\-f\fR\fIformat\fR|\fB\-\-format=\fR\fIformat\fR]
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[\fB\-\-defined\-only\fR] [\fB\-l\fR|\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-demangle\fR]
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[\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-X 32_64\fR] [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fIobjfile\fR...]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBnm\fR lists the symbols from object files \fIobjfile\fR....
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If no object files are listed as arguments, \fBnm\fR assumes the file
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\&\fIa.out\fR.
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.PP
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For each symbol, \fBnm\fR shows:
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
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hexadecimal by default.
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as
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well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is
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local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
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.RS 4
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.ie n .IP """A""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWA\fR" 4
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.IX Item "A"
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The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by further
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linking.
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.ie n .IP """B""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWB\fR" 4
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.IX Item "B"
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The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as \s-1BSS\s0).
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.ie n .IP """C""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWC\fR" 4
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.IX Item "C"
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The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When
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linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the
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symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined
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references.
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.ie n .IP """D""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWD\fR" 4
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.IX Item "D"
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The symbol is in the initialized data section.
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.ie n .IP """G""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWG\fR" 4
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.IX Item "G"
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The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some
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object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects,
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such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array.
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.ie n .IP """I""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWI\fR" 4
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.IX Item "I"
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The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol. This is a \s-1GNU\s0
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extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely used.
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.ie n .IP """N""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWN\fR" 4
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.IX Item "N"
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The symbol is a debugging symbol.
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.ie n .IP """R""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWR\fR" 4
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.IX Item "R"
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The symbol is in a read only data section.
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.ie n .IP """S""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWS\fR" 4
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.IX Item "S"
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The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects.
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.ie n .IP """T""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWT\fR" 4
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.IX Item "T"
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The symbol is in the text (code) section.
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.ie n .IP """U""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWU\fR" 4
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.IX Item "U"
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The symbol is undefined.
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.ie n .IP """V""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWV\fR" 4
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.IX Item "V"
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The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with
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a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
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When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
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the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
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.ie n .IP """W""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CWW\fR" 4
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.IX Item "W"
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The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a
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weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal
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defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error.
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When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined,
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the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
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.ie n .IP """\-""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW\-\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-"
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The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the
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next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and
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the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information.
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.ie n .IP """?""" 4
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.el .IP "\f(CW?\fR" 4
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.IX Item "?"
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The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.
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.RE
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.RS 4
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.RE
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.IP "\(bu" 4
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The symbol name.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
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equivalent.
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.IP "\fB\-A\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-A"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-o\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-o"
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.IP "\fB\-\-print\-file\-name\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--print-file-name"
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.PD
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Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member)
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in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only,
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before all of its symbols.
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.IP "\fB\-a\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-a"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-debug\-syms\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--debug-syms"
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.PD
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Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not
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listed.
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.IP "\fB\-B\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-B"
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The same as \fB\-\-format=bsd\fR (for compatibility with the \s-1MIPS\s0 \fBnm\fR).
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.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-C"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-demangle[=\fR\fIstyle\fR\fB]\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--demangle[=style]"
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.PD
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Decode (\fIdemangle\fR) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
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Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
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makes \*(C+ function names readable. Different compilers have different
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mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
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choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler.
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.IP "\fB\-\-no\-demangle\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--no-demangle"
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Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default.
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.IP "\fB\-D\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-D"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-dynamic\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--dynamic"
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.PD
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Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is
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only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
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libraries.
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.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIformat\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-f format"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-format=\fR\fIformat\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--format=format"
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.PD
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Use the output format \fIformat\fR, which can be \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR,
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\&\f(CW\*(C`sysv\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR. The default is \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR.
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Only the first character of \fIformat\fR is significant; it can be
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either upper or lower case.
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.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-g"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-extern\-only\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--extern-only"
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.PD
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Display only external symbols.
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.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-l"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-line\-numbers\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--line-numbers"
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.PD
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For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and
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line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the
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address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line
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number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number
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information can be found, print it after the other symbol information.
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.IP "\fB\-n\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-n"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-v"
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.IP "\fB\-\-numeric\-sort\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--numeric-sort"
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.PD
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Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically
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by their names.
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.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-p"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-no\-sort\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--no-sort"
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.PD
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Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order
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encountered.
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.IP "\fB\-P\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-P"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-portability\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--portability"
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.PD
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Use the \s-1POSIX\s0.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
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Equivalent to \fB\-f posix\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-S"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-print\-size\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--print-size"
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.PD
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Print size of defined symbols for the \f(CW\*(C`bsd\*(C'\fR output format.
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.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-s"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-print\-armap\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--print-armap"
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.PD
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When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
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(stored in the archive by \fBar\fR or \fBranlib\fR) of which modules
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contain definitions for which names.
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.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-r"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-sort\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--reverse-sort"
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.PD
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Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
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last come first.
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.IP "\fB\-\-size\-sort\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--size-sort"
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Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between
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the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher
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value. The size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value.
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.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-t radix"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-radix=\fR\fIradix\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--radix=radix"
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.PD
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Use \fIradix\fR as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be
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\&\fBd\fR for decimal, \fBo\fR for octal, or \fBx\fR for hexadecimal.
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.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--target=bfdname"
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Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
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.IP "\fB\-u\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-u"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-undefined\-only\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--undefined-only"
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.PD
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Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
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.IP "\fB\-\-defined\-only\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--defined-only"
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Display only defined symbols for each object file.
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.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-V"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--version"
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.PD
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Show the version number of \fBnm\fR and exit.
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.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-X"
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This option is ignored for compatibility with the \s-1AIX\s0 version of
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\&\fBnm\fR. It takes one parameter which must be the string
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\&\fB32_64\fR. The default mode of \s-1AIX\s0 \fBnm\fR corresponds
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to \fB\-X 32\fR, which is not supported by \s-1GNU\s0 \fBnm\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "--help"
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Show a summary of the options to \fBnm\fR and exit.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
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\&\fIar\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
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.SH "COPYRIGHT"
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.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
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Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.PP
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
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