378 lines
14 KiB
Groff
378 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.3, Pod::Parser v1.13
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "AR 1"
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.TH AR 1 "2002-08-05" "binutils-2.12.91" "GNU Development Tools"
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.SH "NAME"
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ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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ar [\fB\-X32_64\fR] [\fB\-\fR]\fIp\fR[\fImod\fR [\fIrelpos\fR] [\fIcount\fR]] \fIarchive\fR [\fImember\fR...]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR program creates, modifies, and extracts from
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archives. An \fIarchive\fR is a single file holding a collection of
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other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
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the original individual files (called \fImembers\fR of the archive).
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.PP
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The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
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group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on
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extraction.
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.PP
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\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR can maintain archives whose members have names of any
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length; however, depending on how \fBar\fR is configured on your
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system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility
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with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the
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limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
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characters (typical of formats related to coff).
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.PP
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\&\fBar\fR is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
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are most often used as \fIlibraries\fR holding commonly needed
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subroutines.
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.PP
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\&\fBar\fR creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
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object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier \fBs\fR.
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Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \fBar\fR
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makes a change to its contents (save for the \fBq\fR update operation).
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An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
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allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
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their placement in the archive.
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.PP
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You may use \fBnm \-s\fR or \fBnm \-\-print\-armap\fR to list this index
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table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \fBar\fR called
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\&\fBranlib\fR can be used to add just the table.
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.PP
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\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR is designed to be compatible with two different
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facilities. You can control its activity using command-line options,
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like the different varieties of \fBar\fR on Unix systems; or, if you
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specify the single command-line option \fB\-M\fR, you can control it
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with a script supplied via standard input, like the \s-1MRI\s0 ``librarian''
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program.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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\&\s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR allows you to mix the operation code \fIp\fR and modifier
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flags \fImod\fR in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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.PP
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If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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.PP
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The \fIp\fR keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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.IP "\fBd\fR" 4
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.IX Item "d"
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\&\fIDelete\fR modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as \fImember\fR...; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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.Sp
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If you specify the \fBv\fR modifier, \fBar\fR lists each module
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as it is deleted.
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.IP "\fBm\fR" 4
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.IX Item "m"
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Use this operation to \fImove\fR members in an archive.
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.Sp
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The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
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than one member.
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.Sp
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If no modifiers are used with \f(CW\*(C`m\*(C'\fR, any members you name in the
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\&\fImember\fR arguments are moved to the \fIend\fR of the archive;
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you can use the \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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.IP "\fBp\fR" 4
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.IX Item "p"
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\&\fIPrint\fR the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the \fBv\fR modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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.Sp
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If you specify no \fImember\fR arguments, all the files in the archive are
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printed.
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.IP "\fBq\fR" 4
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.IX Item "q"
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\&\fIQuick append\fR; Historically, add the files \fImember\fR... to the end of
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\&\fIarchive\fR, without checking for replacement.
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.Sp
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The modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, and \fBi\fR do \fInot\fR affect this
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operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
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.Sp
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The modifier \fBv\fR makes \fBar\fR list each file as it is appended.
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.Sp
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Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
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index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use \fBar s\fR or
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\&\fBranlib\fR explicitly to update the symbol table index.
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.Sp
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However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
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index, so \s-1GNU\s0 ar implements \f(CW\*(C`q\*(C'\fR as a synonym for \f(CW\*(C`r\*(C'\fR.
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.IP "\fBr\fR" 4
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.IX Item "r"
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Insert the files \fImember\fR... into \fIarchive\fR (with
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\&\fIreplacement\fR). This operation differs from \fBq\fR in that any
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previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
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added.
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.Sp
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If one of the files named in \fImember\fR... does not exist, \fBar\fR
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displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
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of the archive matching that name.
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.Sp
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By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
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use one of the modifiers \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, or \fBi\fR to request
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placement relative to some existing member.
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.Sp
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The modifier \fBv\fR used with this operation elicits a line of
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output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters \fBa\fR or
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\&\fBr\fR to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
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deleted) or replaced.
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.IP "\fBt\fR" 4
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.IX Item "t"
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Display a \fItable\fR listing the contents of \fIarchive\fR, or those
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of the files listed in \fImember\fR... that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
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see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
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request that by also specifying the \fBv\fR modifier.
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.Sp
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If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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.Sp
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If there is more than one file with the same name (say, \fBfie\fR) in
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an archive (say \fBb.a\fR), \fBar t b.a fie\fR lists only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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listing\-\-\-in our example, \fBar t b.a\fR.
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.IP "\fBx\fR" 4
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.IX Item "x"
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\&\fIExtract\fR members (named \fImember\fR) from the archive. You can
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use the \fBv\fR modifier with this operation, to request that
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\&\fBar\fR list each name as it extracts it.
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.Sp
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If you do not specify a \fImember\fR, all files in the archive
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are extracted.
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.PP
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A number of modifiers (\fImod\fR) may immediately follow the \fIp\fR
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keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
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.IP "\fBa\fR" 4
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.IX Item "a"
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Add new files \fIafter\fR an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \fBa\fR, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
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\&\fIarchive\fR specification.
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.IP "\fBb\fR" 4
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.IX Item "b"
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Add new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \fBb\fR, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
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\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBi\fR).
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.IP "\fBc\fR" 4
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.IX Item "c"
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\&\fICreate\fR the archive. The specified \fIarchive\fR is always
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created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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using this modifier.
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.IP "\fBf\fR" 4
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.IX Item "f"
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Truncate names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR will normally permit file
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names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are
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not compatible with the native \fBar\fR program on some systems. If
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this is a concern, the \fBf\fR modifier may be used to truncate file
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names when putting them in the archive.
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.IP "\fBi\fR" 4
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.IX Item "i"
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Insert new files \fIbefore\fR an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \fBi\fR, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \fIrelpos\fR argument, before the
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\&\fIarchive\fR specification. (same as \fBb\fR).
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.IP "\fBl\fR" 4
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.IX Item "l"
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This modifier is accepted but not used.
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.IP "\fBN\fR" 4
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.IX Item "N"
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Uses the \fIcount\fR parameter. This is used if there are multiple
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entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance
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\&\fIcount\fR of the given name from the archive.
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.IP "\fBo\fR" 4
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.IX Item "o"
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Preserve the \fIoriginal\fR dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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are stamped with the time of extraction.
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.IP "\fBP\fR" 4
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.IX Item "P"
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Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. \s-1GNU\s0
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\&\fBar\fR can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives
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are not \s-1POSIX\s0 complaint), but other archive creators can. This option
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will cause \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR to match file names using a complete path
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name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an
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archive created by another tool.
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.IP "\fBs\fR" 4
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.IX Item "s"
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Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
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even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
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flag either with any operation, or alone. Running \fBar s\fR on an
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archive is equivalent to running \fBranlib\fR on it.
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.IP "\fBS\fR" 4
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.IX Item "S"
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Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
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large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
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with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
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\&\fBS\fR modifier on the last execution of \fBar\fR, or you must run
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\&\fBranlib\fR on the archive.
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.IP "\fBu\fR" 4
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.IX Item "u"
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Normally, \fBar r\fR... inserts all files
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listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \fIonly\fR those
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of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
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names, use this modifier. The \fBu\fR modifier is allowed only for the
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operation \fBr\fR (replace). In particular, the combination \fBqu\fR is
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not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
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advantage from the operation \fBq\fR.
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.IP "\fBv\fR" 4
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.IX Item "v"
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This modifier requests the \fIverbose\fR version of an operation. Many
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operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
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when the modifier \fBv\fR is appended.
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.IP "\fBV\fR" 4
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.IX Item "V"
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This modifier shows the version number of \fBar\fR.
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.PP
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\&\fBar\fR ignores an initial option spelt \fB\-X32_64\fR, for
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compatibility with \s-1AIX\s0. The behaviour produced by this option is the
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|
default for \s-1GNU\s0 \fBar\fR. \fBar\fR does not support any of the other
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\&\fB\-X\fR options; in particular, it does not support \fB\-X32\fR
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which is the default for \s-1AIX\s0 \fBar\fR.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
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|
\&\fInm\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
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.SH "COPYRIGHT"
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.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
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Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.PP
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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|
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
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