477 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
477 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: postinstall,v 1.59 2005/05/06 22:32:55 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few
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things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly
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configured state, with the most important ones described below.
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.(enum
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Configuring
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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.Pp
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If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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.Ic ( sysinst
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usually will),
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the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
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message
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.Pp
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.Dl /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
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.Pp
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and with the root file system
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.Pq Pa /
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mounted read-only.
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When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press
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.Key RETURN
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to get to a
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.Pa /bin/sh
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prompt.
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If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
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.
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.ds termtype vt220
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.
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.ie \n[hp300] \{\
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.ds termtype hp300h
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial console.
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[macppc] \{\
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.ds termtype vt100
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[pmax] \{\
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.ds termtype termtype
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the correct terminal type as discussed in the
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.Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
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section.
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
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.ds termtype sun
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial
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console (some systems display garbage with a
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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terminal type, you may need to use
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.Ic sun-ss5 )
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.ds termtype sun
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.Ic \*[termtype]
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(or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
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.\}
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.\}
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.\}
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.\}
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and press
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.Key RETURN .
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You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
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to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
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.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^h'"
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.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^?'"
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At this point, you need to configure at least
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one file in the
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.Pa /etc
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directory.
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You will need to mount your root file system read/write with:
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.Dl # Ic "/sbin/mount -u -w /"
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Change to the
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.Pa /etc
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directory and take a look at the
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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file.
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Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set
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.Li rc_configured=YES
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so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
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proceed.
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Default values for the various programs can be found in
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.Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf ,
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where some in-line documentation may be found.
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More complete documentation can be found in
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.Xr rc.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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If your
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.Pa /usr
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directory is on a separate partition and you do not know how to use
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.Ic ed ,
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you will have to mount your
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.Pa /usr
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partition to gain access to
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.Ic ex
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or
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.Ic vi .
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Do the following:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mount /usr"
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.Dl # Ic "export TERM=\*[termtype]"
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.Pp
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If you have
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.Pa /var
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on a separate partition, you need to repeat that step for it.
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After that, you can edit
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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with
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.Xr vi 1 .
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When you have finished, type
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.Ic exit
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at the prompt to
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leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot.
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.Pp
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Other values that need to be set in
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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for a networked environment are
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.Ar hostname
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and possibly
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.Ar defaultroute ,
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furthermore add an
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.Ar ifconfig_int
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for your
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.Aq int
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network interface,
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.ie \n[mac68k] \{\
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where your on-board, NuBus or PDS interface may be
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.Li ae0 ,
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.Li mc0
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or
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.Li sn0 .
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For example:
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[macppc] \{\
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where your on-board interfaces may be one of
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.Li mc0 ,
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.Li bm0 ,
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.Li tlp0
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or
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.Li gem0 .
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For example:
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.\}
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.el along the lines of
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.\}
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.Pp
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.
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.ds IFname de0
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.if \n[hp300]:\n[mvme68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc] .ds IFname le0
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.if \n[hp700] .ds IFname ie0
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.if \n[next68k] .ds IFname xe0
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.if \n[mac68k] .ds IFname sn0
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.if \n[macppc] .ds IFname mc0
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.if \n[sgimips] .ds IFname sq0
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.if \n[sparc64] .ds IFname hme0
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.if \n[xen] .ds IFname xennet0
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.
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.Dl ifconfig_\*[IFname]="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
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.Pp
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or, if you have
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.Ar myname.my.dom
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in
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.Pa /etc/hosts :
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.Pp
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.Dl ifconfig_\*[IFname]="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
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.Pp
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To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
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.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
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file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run
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.Xr named 8 .
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See
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.Xr resolv.conf 5
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or
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.Xr named 8
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for more information.
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Instead of manually configuring network and naming service,
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DHCP can be used by setting
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.Li dhclient=YES
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in
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf .
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.Pp
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Other files in
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.Pa /etc
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that may require modification or setting up include
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.ie \n[sgimips] \{\
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.Pa /etc/mailer.conf
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and
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.Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf .
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.Pa /etc/mailer.conf ,
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.Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf ,
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and
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.Pa /etc/wscons.conf .
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.\}
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.ie \n[shark] \{\
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.Pp
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For Digital DNARD machines you will need to edit
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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and change the console terminal type from vt100 to pc3.
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.\}
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.if \n[atari] \{\
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.It
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Select the proper terminal devices
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.Pp
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You will have to edit the
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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file.
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If you don't have a Milan, you must disable the
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.Pa ttyEx
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devices.
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For the Milan, you will have to disable the
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.Pa ttyex
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devices.
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This is easy, just change 'on' to 'off' on the corresponding lines.
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.\}
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.if \n[cats] \{\
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.Pp
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For the
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.Xr savecore 8
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facility to work with the a.out and elf kernel images supplied with
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\*M installations you will need to set
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.Li savecore_flags="-z -N /netbsd"
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.\}
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.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
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.It
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Select the proper terminal devices
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.Pp
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If you are using a serial console, you will have to edit the
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.Pa /etc/ttys
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file and change
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.if \n[sparc] sun
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.if \n[sparc64] sun-ss5
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to the appropriate terminal type, such as vt220.
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.\}
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.It
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Logging in
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.Pp
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After reboot, you can log in as
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.Li root
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at the login prompt.
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Unless you've set a password in
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.Ic sysinst ,
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there
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is no initial password.
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If you're using the machine in a networked environment,
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you should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the
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.Dq root
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account with good passwords.
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By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via
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.Xr ssh 1 ) .
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One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different
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user that belongs to group
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.Dq wheel
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(see
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.Xr group 5 )
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and use
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.Xr su 1
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to become root.
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.Pp
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Unless you have connected an unusual terminal device as the console
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you can just press
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.Key RETURN
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when it prompts for
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.Li Terminal type? [...] .
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.It
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Adding accounts
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.Pp
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Use the
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.Xr useradd 8
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command to add accounts to your system.
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Do not
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edit
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.Pa /etc/passwd
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directly! See
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.Xr vipw 8
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and
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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if you want to edit the password database.
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.if !\n[hp700]:\n[next68k] \{\
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.It
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The X Window System
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.Pp
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If you have installed the X Window System, look at the files in
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.Pa /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc
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for information.
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.if \n[hp300] \{\
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Also, you may want to read through the
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.Nx*M
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FAQ entry on X11.
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.br
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/faq.html#x11
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.\}
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.if \n[macppc] \{\
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Also, you may want to read through the
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.Nx*M
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X11R6 FAQ.
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.br
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/x11.html
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.\}
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.\} \" ! !\n[next68k]
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.if \n[i386]:\n[shark] \{\
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.Pp
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You will need to set up a configuration file, see
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.Pa /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config.eg
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for an example.
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The
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.Xr xf86cfg 1
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and
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.Xr xf86config 1
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utilities can interactively create a first version of such a configuration
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file for you.
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.if \n[mac68k] \{\
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.(tag [Color_X]
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.It [Color_X]
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Some systems are capable of supporting a color X Server in either thousands
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or millions of colors.
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The \*M port does not support resolution switching at this time.
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If your system is capable of running the color X Server it can be
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installed at this point and the Booter options can be
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modified to match the resolution depth.
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.tag)
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.\}
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See
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.Lk http://www.xfree86.org/
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and the XFree86 manual page for more information.
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.\}
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.Pp
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Don't forget to add
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.Pa /usr/X11R6/bin
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to your path in your shell's dot file so that you have access to the X binaries.
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.It
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Installing third party packages
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.Pp
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If you wish to install any of the software freely available for
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.Ul
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systems
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you are strongly advised to first check the
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.Nx
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package system.
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This automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on
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.Nx ,
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retrieval and installation of any other packages on which the software
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may depend, and simplifies installation (and deinstallation), both
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from source and precompiled binaries.
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.Pp
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.(bullet
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More information on the package system is at
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/software/packages.html
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.It
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A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at
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.Lk ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/pkgsrc/README.html
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.It
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Precompiled binaries can be found at
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.Lk ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/ ,
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usually in the
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.Pa \*V/\*P/All
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subdir.
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You can install them with the following commands under
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.Xr sh 1 :
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ic # PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\*V/\*P/All
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.Ic # export PKG_PATH
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.Ic # pkg_add -v tcsh
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.Ic # pkg_add -v bash
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.Ic # pkg_add -v perl
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.Ic # pkg_add -v apache
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.Ic # pkg_add -v kde
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.Ic # pkg_add -v mozilla
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\&...
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If you are using
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.Xr csh 1
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then replace the first two lines with the following:
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ic # setenv PKG_PATH ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/\*V/\*P/All
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\&...
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shell,
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the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop
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environment and the Mozilla web browser
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as well as all the packages they depend on.
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.It
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Package sources for compiling packages on your own can be obtained by
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retrieving the file
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.Lk ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz
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They are typically extracted into
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.Pa /usr/pkgsrc
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(though other locations work fine), with the commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mkdir /usr/pkgsrc"
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.Dl # Ic "( cd /usr/pkgsrc ; tar -zxpf - ) \*< pkgsrc.tar.gz"
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.Pp
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After extracting, see the
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.Pa README
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and
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.Pa doc/pkgsrc.txt
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files in the extraction directory (e.g.
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.Pa /usr/pkgsrc/README )
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for more information.
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.bullet)
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.It
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Misc
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.(bullet
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Edit
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.Pa /etc/mail/aliases
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to forward root mail to the right place.
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Don't forget to run
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.Xr newaliases 1
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afterwards.
|
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.It
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The
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.Pa /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
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file will almost definitely need to be adjusted;
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files aiding in this can be found in
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.Pa /usr/share/sendmail .
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See the
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.Li README
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file there for more information.
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If you prefer postfix as MTA, adjust
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.Pa /etc/mailer.conf .
|
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.It
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Edit
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.Pa /etc/rc.local
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to run any local daemons you use.
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.It
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Many of the
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.Pa /etc
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files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic man 5 Ar filename
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.Pp
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is likely to give you more information on these files.
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.bullet)
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.enum)
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