205 lines
6.4 KiB
Groff
205 lines
6.4 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: installboot.8,v 1.13 2000/10/13 01:20:58 hubertf Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Perry E. Metzger. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Christopher G. Demetriou. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Paul Kranenburg. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd June 13, 1997
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.Dt INSTALLBOOT 8 i386
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm installboot
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.Nd install disk bootstrap software
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm installboot
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.Op Fl nvf
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.Op Fl b Ar bn
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.Op Fl t Ar timeout
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.Op Fl p Ar password
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.Ar bootfile
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.Ar rawdiskdevice
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm installboot
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utility prepares a disk for bootstrapping.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nx Ns Tn /i386
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disk bootstrap software is split into two parts:
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a small first-stage boot program that is written into the disklabel
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area of a disk and a second-stage boot program that resides in a FFS file
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system on the disk (named
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.Pa /boot ) .
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Both parts of the boot are derived from a single object file
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which is split by
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.Nm
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during the installation process.
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The first-stage boot program is loaded into memory by the BIOS.
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After receiving control of the system, it loads the
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second-stage boot program from a set of filesystem block numbers that
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have been hard-coded into it by
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.Nm
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during execution.
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The second-stage boot program then locates and loads the kernel.
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.Pp
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The options recognized by
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.Nm installboot
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are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl n
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Do not actually write anything on the disk.
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.It Fl v
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Verbose mode.
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.It Fl b Ar bn
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Ignore the file system type and write the second-stage boot loader
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contigously from internal block number
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.Ar bn .
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.It Fl f
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Force a write of the boot blocks (with the first stage put at offset
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zero) even if no disk label is detected.
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This is useful if there is no disk label (as is often the case with
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floppy or vnode devices).
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.It Fl t Ar timeout
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Set the timeout before the automatic boot begins to the given number
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of seconds.
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.It Fl p Ar password
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If supported by the boot program, set the password which must be
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entered before the boot menu can be accessed.
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.El
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.Pp
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The arguments are:
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.Bl -tag -width rawdiskdevice
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.It Ar bootfile
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The name of the special object file
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(typically
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.Pa /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym )
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where the first and second stage boot programs to be installed reside.
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.It Ar rawdiskdevice
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The name of the raw device corresponding to the partition on which
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the boot program is to be installed. The partition should
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start at the beginning of the
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.Nx
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portion of the disk and must contain a FFS filesystem. The
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.Nm
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program enforces its name to be in the form
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.Dq /dev/r*
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\&.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Assuming the system containing the boot program is in its typical place,
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and you wished to make
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.Pa /dev/fd0a
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bootable. To install the boot blocks, one then would issue the command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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installboot -f /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym /dev/rfd0a
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Note that the -f option is needed if the floppy is unlabeled -- see
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.Xr disklabel 8 .
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Also, be sure to
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.Xr newfs 8
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the floppy before running installboot, as this is needed to copy a
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kernel to it later, that the bootloader can boot then.
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.Pp
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It is also possible to make a bootstrap-only floppy without any
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filesystem by using the following command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/usr/mdec/installboot -f -b 200 /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym /dev/rfd0a
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.Ed
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.Pp
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To install new bootblocks on your
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.Pa wd0
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harddisk, use the following command:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/usr/mdec/installboot /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym /dev/rwd0a
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Sh BUGS
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.Pp
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.Nx
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is in transition from using the 386BSD MBR partition-ID of 165 (0xa5),
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to using a new, unique partition-ID of 169 (0xa9).
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.Nx
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versions newer than 1.3.3 will use the new partition-ID if one is
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found, and if not, fall back to the old ID of 165 with a warning. To
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eliminate the warning, update your bootblocks and
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.Nm
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to 1.3.3 or newer, rerun
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.Nm
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on the affected drives, and lastly use
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.Xr fdisk 8
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to change the MBR partition-ID of NetBSD partitions to 169.
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.Pp
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Note that the final step of changing MBR partition-IDs from 165 to 169
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renders a disk unbootable by older
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.Nx
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kernels, which do not recognize the new ID.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nx Ns Tn /i386
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boot blocks can only read from the first 1024
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cylinders of the disk because they use the BIOS to do their I/O. Thus,
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it is advisable that
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.Dq a
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partitions reside entirely within the first 1024 cylinders.
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.Pp
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The BIOS partition
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table must reflect the correct location of the
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.Nx
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portion according to disk geometry used by the BIOS. (This is automatically
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the case if the
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.Nx
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portion is located at the beginning of the disk.)
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.Pp
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.Nm
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requires access to the disks' raw partition.
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That is not allowed with the kernel
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.Dv securelevel
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variable
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.Po
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see
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.Xr sysctl 8
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.Pc
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set to a value greater than one, or with
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.Dv securelevel
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set to one if the
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.Dq boot
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partition is mounted.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr boot 8 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr sysctl 8 ,
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.Xr vnd 4
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nx Ns Tn /i386
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.Nm
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command first appeared in
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.Nx 1.3 .
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