416 lines
19 KiB
HTML
416 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html> <head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
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<title> Postfix manual - sendmail(1) </title>
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</head> <body> <pre>
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SENDMAIL(1) SENDMAIL(1)
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<b>NAME</b>
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sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface
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<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
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<b>sendmail</b> [<i>option ...</i>] [<i>recipient ...</i>]
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<b>mailq</b>
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<b>sendmail -bp</b>
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<b>newaliases</b>
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<b>sendmail -I</b>
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<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
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The Postfix <b>sendmail</b> command implements the Postfix to
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Sendmail compatibility interface. For the sake of compat-
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ibility with existing applications, some Sendmail command-
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line options are recognized but silently ignored.
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By default, Postfix <b>sendmail</b> reads a message from standard
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input until EOF or until it reads a line with only a <b>.</b>
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character, and arranges for delivery. Postfix <b>sendmail</b>
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relies on the <a href="postdrop.1.html"><b>postdrop</b>(1)</a> command to create a queue file
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in the <b>maildrop</b> directory.
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Specific command aliases are provided for other common
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modes of operation:
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<b>mailq</b> List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue
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file ID, message size, arrival time, sender, and
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the recipients that still need to be delivered. If
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mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt,
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the reason for failure is shown. This mode of oper-
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ation is implemented by executing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a>
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command.
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<b>newaliases</b>
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Initialize the alias database. If no input file is
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specified (with the <b>-oA</b> option, see below), the
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program processes the file(s) specified with the
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a></b> configuration parameter. If no
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alias database type is specified, the program uses
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the type specified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a></b>
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configuration parameter. This mode of operation is
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implemented by running the <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> command.
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Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias
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database update becomes visible. Use the <b>postfix</b>
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<b>reload</b> command to eliminate this delay.
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These and other features can be selected by specifying the
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appropriate combination of command-line options. Some fea-
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tures are controlled by parameters in the <b>main.cf</b> configu-
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ration file.
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The following options are recognized:
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<b>-Am</b> (ignored)
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<b>-Ac</b> (ignored)
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Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file
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regardless of whether or not a message is an ini-
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tial submission.
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<b>-B</b> <i>body</i><b>_</b><i>type</i>
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The message body MIME type: <b>7BIT</b> or <b>8BITMIME</b>.
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<b>-bd</b> Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is
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implemented by executing the <b>postfix start</b> command.
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<b>-bh</b> (ignored)
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<b>-bH</b> (ignored)
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Postfix has no persistent host status database.
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<b>-bi</b> Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> com-
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mand above.
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<b>-bm</b> Read mail from standard input and arrange for
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delivery. This is the default mode of operation.
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<b>-bp</b> List the mail queue. See the <b>mailq</b> command above.
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<b>-bs</b> Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands
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from standard input, and write responses to stan-
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dard output. In stand-alone SMTP server mode, mail
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relaying and other access controls are disabled by
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default. To enable them, run the process as the
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a></b> user.
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This mode of operation is implemented by running
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the <a href="smtpd.8.html"><b>smtpd</b>(8)</a> daemon.
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<b>-bv</b> Do not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send
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an email report after verifying each recipient
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address. This is useful for testing address
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rewriting and routing configurations.
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This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1
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and later.
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<b>-C</b> <i>config</i><b>_</b><i>file</i> (ignored)
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The path name of the <b>sendmail.cf</b> file. Postfix con-
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figuration files are kept in the <b>/etc/postfix</b>
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directory.
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<b>-F</b> <i>full</i><b>_</b><i>name</i>
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Set the sender full name. This is used only with
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messages that have no <b>From:</b> message header.
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<b>-f</b> <i>sender</i>
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Set the envelope sender address. This is the
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address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
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the message contains an <b>Errors-To:</b> message header.
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<b>-G</b> (ignored)
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Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial
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user submission.
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<b>-h</b> <i>hop</i><b>_</b><i>count</i> (ignored)
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Hop count limit. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#hopcount_limit">hopcount_limit</a></b> configura-
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tion parameter instead.
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<b>-I</b> Initialize alias database. See the <b>newaliases</b> com-
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mand above.
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<b>-i</b> When reading a message from standard input, don't
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treat a line with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of
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input.
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<b>-L</b> <i>label</i> (ignored)
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The logging label. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a></b> configura-
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tion parameter instead.
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<b>-m</b> (ignored)
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Backwards compatibility.
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<b>-N</b> <i>dsn</i> (ignored)
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Delivery status notification control. Currently,
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Postfix does not implement <b>DSN</b>.
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<b>-n</b> (ignored)
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Backwards compatibility.
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<b>-oA</b><i>alias</i><b>_</b><i>database</i>
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Non-default alias database. Specify <i>pathname</i> or
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<i>type</i>:<i>pathname</i>. See <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> for details.
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<b>-o7</b> (ignored)
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<b>-o8</b> (ignored)
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To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate
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MIME encapsulation and specify the appropriate <b>-B</b>
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command-line option.
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<b>-oi</b> When reading a message from standard input, don't
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treat a line with only a <b>.</b> character as the end of
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input.
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<b>-om</b> (ignored)
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The sender is never eliminated from alias etc.
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expansions.
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<b>-o</b> <i>x value</i> (ignored)
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Set option <i>x</i> to <i>value</i>. Use the equivalent configu-
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ration parameter in <b>main.cf</b> instead.
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<b>-r</b> <i>sender</i>
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Set the envelope sender address. This is the
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address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
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the message contains an <b>Errors-To:</b> message header.
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<b>-R</b> <i>return</i><b>_</b><i>limit</i> (ignored)
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Limit the size of bounced mail. Use the
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_size_limit">bounce_size_limit</a></b> configuration parameter instead.
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<b>-q</b> Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is imple-
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mented by executing the <a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command.
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Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently
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will result in poor delivery performance of all
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other mail.
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<b>-q</b><i>interval</i> (ignored)
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The interval between queue runs. Use the
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a></b> configuration parameter instead.
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<b>-qR</b><i>site</i>
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Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is
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queued for the named <i>site</i>. This option accepts only
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<i>site</i> names that are eligible for the "fast flush"
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service, and is implemented by executing the
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<a href="postqueue.1.html"><b>postqueue</b>(1)</a> command. See <a href="flush.8.html"><b>flush</b>(8)</a> for more infor-
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mation about the "fast flush" service.
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<b>-qS</b><i>site</i>
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This command is not implemented. Use the slower
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<b>sendmail -q</b> command instead.
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<b>-t</b> Extract recipients from message headers. These are
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added to any recipients specified on the command
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line.
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With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option
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requires that no recipient addresses are specified
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on the command line.
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<b>-U</b> (ignored)
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Initial user submission.
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<b>-V</b> Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope
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sender address of the form <i>owner-listname</i>@<i>origin</i>,
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each recipient <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> receives mail with a
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personalized envelope sender address.
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By default, the personalized envelope sender
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address is <i>owner-listname</i><b>+</b><i>user</i><b>=</b><i>domain</i>@<i>origin</i>. The
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default <b>+</b> and <b>=</b> characters are configurable with
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the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a></b> configuration parame-
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ter.
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This feature is available in Postfix version 1.1
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and later.
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<b>-V</b><i>xy</i> As <b>-V</b>, but uses <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> as the VERP delimiter char-
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acters, instead of the characters specified with
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the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a></b> configuration parame-
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ter.
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<b>-v</b> Send an email report of the first delivery attempt
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(Postfix versions 2.1 and later). Mail delivery
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always happens in the background. When multiple <b>-v</b>
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options are given, enable verbose logging for
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debugging purposes.
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<b>-X</b> <i>log</i><b>_</b><i>file</i> (ignored)
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Log mailer traffic. Use the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a></b> and
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a></b> configuration parameters instead.
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<b>SECURITY</b>
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By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id.
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However, it must handle data from untrusted users or
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untrusted machines. Thus, the usual precautions need to
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be taken against malicious inputs.
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<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
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Problems are logged to <b>syslogd</b>(8) and to the standard
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error stream.
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<b>ENVIRONMENT</b>
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<b>MAIL_CONFIG</b>
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Directory with Postfix configuration files.
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<b>MAIL_VERBOSE</b>
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Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.
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<b>MAIL_DEBUG</b>
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Enable debugging with an external command, as spec-
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ified with the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a></b> configuration
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parameter.
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<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
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The following <b>main.cf</b> parameters are especially relevant
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to this program. The text below provides only a parameter
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summary. See <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a> for more details including exam-
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ples.
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<b>TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS</b>
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The <a href="DEBUG_README.html">DEBUG_README</a> file gives examples of how to trouble
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shoot a Postfix system.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> (empty)</b>
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The external command to execute when a Postfix dae-
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mon program is invoked with the -D option.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a> (2)</b>
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The increment in verbose logging level when a
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remote client or server matches a pattern in the
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<a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a> parameter.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_list">debug_peer_list</a> (empty)</b>
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Optional list of remote client or server hostname
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or network address patterns that cause the verbose
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logging level to increase by the amount specified
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in $<a href="postconf.5.html#debug_peer_level">debug_peer_level</a>.
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<b>RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_size_limit">bounce_size_limit</a> (50000)</b>
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The maximal amount of original message text that is
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sent in a non-delivery notification.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#fork_attempts">fork_attempts</a> (5)</b>
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The maximal number of attempts to fork() a child
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process.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#fork_delay">fork_delay</a> (1s)</b>
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The delay between attempts to fork() a child pro-
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cess.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#hopcount_limit">hopcount_limit</a> (50)</b>
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The maximal number of Received: message headers
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that is allowed in the primary message headers.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (1000s)</b>
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The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the queue
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manager.
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<b>FAST FLUSH CONTROLS</b>
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The <a href="ETRN_README.html">ETRN_README</a> file describes configuration and operation
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details for the Postfix "fast flush" service.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#fast_flush_domains">fast_flush_domains</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a>)</b>
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Optional list of destinations that are eligible for
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per-destination logfiles with mail that is queued
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to those destinations.
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<b>VERP CONTROLS</b>
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The <a href="VERP_README.html">VERP_README</a> file describes configuration and operation
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details of Postfix support for variable envelope return
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path addresses.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_verp_delimiters">default_verp_delimiters</a> (+=)</b>
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The two default VERP delimiter characters.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#verp_delimiter_filter">verp_delimiter_filter</a> (-=+)</b>
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The characters Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter
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characters on the Postfix <a href="sendmail.1.html">sendmail(1)</a> command line
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and in SMTP commands.
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<b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b>
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#alias_database">alias_database</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The alias databases for <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a> delivery that are
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updated with "<b>newaliases</b>" or with "<b>sendmail -bi</b>".
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#command_directory">command_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The location of all postfix administrative com-
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mands.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The default location of the Postfix main.cf and
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master.cf configuration files.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The directory with Postfix support programs and
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daemon programs.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The default database type for use in <a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a>,
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<a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a> and <a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a> commands.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_warning_time">delay_warning_time</a> (0h)</b>
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The time after which the sender receives the mes-
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sage headers of mail that is still queued.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)</b>
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The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue
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and most Postfix daemon processes.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
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The location of the Postfix top-level queue direc-
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tory.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
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The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (postfix)</b>
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The mail system name that is prepended to the pro-
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cess name in syslog records, so that "smtpd"
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becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".
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<b><a href="postconf.5.html#trigger_timeout">trigger_timeout</a> (10s)</b>
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The time limit for sending a trigger to a Postfix
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daemon (for example, the <a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a> or <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a> dae-
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mon).
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<b>FILES</b>
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/var/spool/postfix, mail queue
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/etc/postfix, configuration files
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<b>SEE ALSO</b>
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<a href="pickup.8.html">pickup(8)</a>, mail pickup daemon
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<a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager
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<a href="smtpd.8.html">smtpd(8)</a>, SMTP server
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<a href="flush.8.html">flush(8)</a>, fast flush service
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<a href="postsuper.1.html">postsuper(1)</a>, queue maintenance
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<a href="postalias.1.html">postalias(1)</a>, create/update/query alias database
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<a href="postdrop.1.html">postdrop(1)</a>, mail posting utility
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<a href="postfix.1.html">postfix(1)</a>, mail system control
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<a href="postqueue.1.html">postqueue(1)</a>, mail queue control
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syslogd(8), system logging
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<b>README_FILES</b>
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<a href="DEBUG_README.html">DEBUG_README</a>, Postfix debugging howto
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<a href="ETRN_README.html">ETRN_README</a>, Postfix ETRN howto
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<a href="VERP_README.html">VERP_README</a>, Postfix VERP howto
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<b>LICENSE</b>
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
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software.
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<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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SENDMAIL(1)
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</pre> </body> </html>
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