298 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
298 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
.Go 2 "VISUAL MODE COMMANDS"
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.PP
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Most visual mode commands are one keystroke long.
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The following table lists the operation performed by each keystroke,
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and also denotes any options or arguments that it accepts.
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Notes at the end of the table describe the notation used in this table.
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.PP
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In addition to the keys listed here, your keyboard's "arrow" keys
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will be interpretted as the appropriate cursor movement commands.
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The same goes for <PgUp> and <PgDn>, if your keyboard has them.
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The <Insert> key will toggle between insert mode and replace mode.
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There is a colon mode command (":map", to be described later)
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which will allow you to define other keys, such as function keys.
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.PP
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A tip: visual command mode looks a lot like text input mode.
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If you forget which mode you're in, just hit the <Esc> key.
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If \*E beeps, then you're in visual command mode.
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If \*E does not beep, then you were in input mode,
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but by hitting <Esc> you will have switched to visual command mode.
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So, one way or another, after <Esc> \*E will be ready for a command.
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.LD
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.ta 0.7i 1.3i
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\s+2COMMAND DESCRIPTION\s-2
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^A Search for next occurence of word at cursor (MOVE)(EXT)
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^B Move toward the top of the file by 1 screenful
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^C --- (usually sends SIGINT, to interupt a command)
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count ^D Scroll down <count> lines (default 1/2 screen)
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count ^E Scroll up <count> lines
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^F Move toward the bottom of the file by 1 screenful
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^G Show file status, and the current line #
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count ^H Move left, like h (MOVE)
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^I ---
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count ^J Move down (MOVE)
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^K ---
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^L Redraw the screen
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count ^M Move to the front of the next line (MOVE)
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count ^N Move down (MOVE)
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^O ---
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count ^P Move up (MOVE)
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^Q --- (typically XON, which restarts screen updates)
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^R Redraw the screen
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^S --- (typically XOFF, which stops screen updates)
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^T ---
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count ^U Scroll up <count> lines (default 1/2 screen)
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^V ---
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^W ---
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count ^X Move to a physical column number on the screen (MOVE) (EXT)
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count ^Y Scroll down <count> lines
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^Z --- (sometimes sends SIGSUSP, to suspend execution)
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ESC ---
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^\\ --- (usually sends SIGQUIT, which is ignored)
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^] If the cursor is on a tag name, go to that tag
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^^ Switch to the previous file, like ":e #"
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^_ ---
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count SPC Move right,like l (MOVE)
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! \s-2mv\s+2 Run the selected lines thru an external filter program
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" \s-2key\s+2 Select which cut buffer to use next
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count # \s-2+\s+2 Increment a number (EDIT) (EXT)
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$ Move to the rear of the current line (MOVE)
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count % Move to matching (){}[] or to a given % of file (MOVE) (EXT)
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count & Repeat the previous ":s//" command here (EDIT)
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' \s-2key\s+2 Move to a marked line (MOVE)
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count ( Move backward <count> sentences (MOVE)
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count ) Move forward <count> sentences (MOVE)
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* Go to the next error in the errlist (EXT)
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count + Move to the front of the next line (MOVE)
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count , Repeat the previous [fFtT] but in the other direction (MOVE)
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count - Move to the front of the preceding line (MOVE)
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count . Repeat the previous "edit" command
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/ \s-2text\s+2 Search forward for a given regular expression (MOVE)
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0 If not part of count, move to 1st char of this line (MOVE)
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1 Part of count
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2 Part of count
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3 Part of count
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4 Part of count
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5 Part of count
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6 Part of count
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7 Part of count
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8 Part of count
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9 Part of count
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: \s-2text\s+2 Run single EX cmd
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count ; Repeat the previous [fFtT] cmd (MOVE)
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< \s-2mv\s+2 Shift text left (EDIT)
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= \s-2mv\s+2 Reformat
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> \s-2mv\s+2 Shift text right (EDIT)
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? \s-2text\s+2 Search backward for a given regular expression (MOVE)
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@ \s-2key\s+2 Execute the contents of a cut-buffer as VI commands
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count A \s-2inp\s+2 Append at end of the line (EDIT)
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count B Move back Word (MOVE)
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C \s-2inp\s+2 Change text from the cursor through the end of the line (EDIT)
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D Delete text from the cursor through the end of the line (EDIT)
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count E Move end of Word (MOVE)
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count F \s-2key\s+2 Move leftward to a given character (MOVE)
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count G Move to line #<count> (default is the bottom line) (MOVE)
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count H Move to home row (the line at the top of the screen)
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count I \s-2inp\s+2 Insert at the front of the line (after indents) (EDIT)
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count J Join lines, to form one big line (EDIT)
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K Look up keyword (EXT)
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count L Move to last row (the line at the bottom of the screen)
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M Move to middle row
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N Repeat previous search, but in the opposite direction (MOVE)
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count O \s-2inp\s+2 Open up a new line above the current line (EDIT)
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P Paste text before the cursor (EDIT)
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Q Quit to EX mode
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R \s-2inp\s+2 Overtype (EDIT)
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count S \s-2inp\s+2 Change lines, like <count>cc
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count T \s-2key\s+2 Move leftward *almost* to a given character (MOVE)
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U Undo all recent changes to the current line
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V Start marking lines for c/d/y/</>/!/\\ (EXT)
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count W Move forward <count> Words (MOVE)
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count X Delete the character(s) to the left of the cursor (EDIT)
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count Y Yank text line(s) (copy them into a cut buffer)
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Z Z Save the file & exit
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[ [ Move back 1 section (MOVE)
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\\ \s-2mv\s+2 Pop-up menu for modifying text (EXT)
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] ] Move forward 1 section (MOVE)
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^ Move to the front of the current line (after indent) (MOVE)
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count _ Move to the current line
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` \s-2key\s+2 Move to a marked character (MOVE)
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count a \s-2inp\s+2 Insert text after the cursor (EDIT)
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count b Move back <count> words (MOVE)
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c \s-2mv\s+2 Change text (EDIT)
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d \s-2mv\s+2 Delete text (EDIT)
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count e Move forward to the end of the current word (MOVE)
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count f \s-2key\s+2 Move rightward to a given character (MOVE)
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g ---
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count h Move left (MOVE)
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count i \s-2inp\s+2 Insert text at the cursor (EDIT)
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count j Move down (MOVE)
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count k Move up (MOVE)
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count l Move right (MOVE)
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m \s-2key\s+2 Mark a line or character
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n Repeat the previous search (MOVE)
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count o \s-2inp\s+2 Open a new line below the current line (EDIT)
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p Paste text after the cursor (EDIT)
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q ---
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count r \s-2key\s+2 Replace <count> chars by a given character (EDIT)
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count s \s-2inp\s+2 Replace <count> chars with text from the user (EDIT)
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count t \s-2key\s+2 Move rightward *almost* to a given character (MOVE)
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u Undo the previous edit command
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v Start marking characters for c/d/y/</>/!/\\ (EXT)
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count w Move forward <count> words (MOVE)
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count x Delete the character that the cursor's on (EDIT)
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y \s-2mv\s+2 Yank text (copy it into a cut buffer)
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z \s-2key\s+2 Scroll current line to the screen's +=top -=bottom .=middle
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count { Move back <count> paragraphs (MOVE)
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count | Move to column <count> (the leftmost column is 1)
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count } Move forward <count> paragraphs (MOVE)
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count ~ Switch a character between uppercase & lowercase (EDIT)
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DEL --- (usually mapped to shift-X, so it deletes one character)
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.DE
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.IP count
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Many commands may be preceded by a count. This is a sequence of digits
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representing a decimal number. For most commands that use a count,
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the command is repeated <count> times. The count is always optional,
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and usually defaults to 1.
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.IP key
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Some commands require two keystrokes. The first key always determines
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which command is to be executed. The second key is used as a parameter
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to the command.
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.IP mv
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Some commands (! < > c d y \\ =) operate on text between the cursor and some
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other position.
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There are three ways that you can specifify that other position.
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.IP
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The first way is to follow the command keystroke with a movement command.
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For example, "dw" deletes a single word.
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"d3w" and "3dw" both delete three words.
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.IP
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The second way is to type the command keystroke twice.
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This causes whole lines to be acted upon.
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For example, ">>" indents the current line.
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"3>>" indents the current line and the following two lines.
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.IP
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The last way is to move the cursor to one end of the text,
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type 'v' or 'V' to start marking,
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move the cursor to the other end,
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and then type the desired command key.
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.IP inp
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Many commands allow the user to interactively enter text.
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See the discussion of "input mode" in the following section.
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.IP (EXT)
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These commands are extensions -- the real vi doesn't have them.
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.IP (EDIT)
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These commands affect text, and may be repeated by the "." command.
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.IP (MOVE)
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These commands move the cursor, and may be used to specify the extent
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of a member of the "mv" class of commands.
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.NH 2
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Input Mode
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.PP
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You can't type text into your file directly from visual command mode.
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Instead, you must first give a command which will put you into input mode.
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The commands to do this are A/C/I/O/R/S/a/i/o/s.
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.PP
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The S/s/C/c commands temporarily place a $ at the end of the text that
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they are going to change.
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.PP
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In input mode, all keystrokes are inserted into the text at the
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cursor's position, except for the following:
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.ID
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^A insert a copy of the last input text
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^D delete one indent character
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^H (backspace) erase the character before the cursor
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^L redraw the screen
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^M (carriage return) insert a newline (^J, linefeed)
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^O execute next key as a visual command (limited!)
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^P insert the contents of the cut buffer
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^R redraw the screen, like ^L
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^T insert an indent character
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^U backspace to the beginning of the line
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^V insert the following keystroke, even if special
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^W backspace to the beginning of the current word
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^Z^Z write the file & exit \*E
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^[ (ESCape) exit from input mode, back to command mode
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.DE
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.PP
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Also, on some systems, ^S may stop output, ^Q may restart output,
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and ^C may interupt execution.
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^@ (the NUL character) cannot be inserted.
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.PP
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The R visual command puts you in overtype mode,
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which is a slightly different form of input mode.
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In overtype mode, each time you insert a character,
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one of the old characters is deleted from the file.
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.NH 2
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Arrow keys in Input Mode
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.PP
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The arrow keys can be used to move the cursor in input mode.
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(This is an extension; the real Vi doesn't support arrow keys in input mode.)
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The <PgUp>, <PgDn>, <Home>, and <End> keys work in input mode, too.
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The <Delete> key deletes a single character in input mode.
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The <Insert> key toggles between input mode and replace mode.
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.PP
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The best thing about allowing arrow keys to work in input mode is that
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as long as you're in input mode,
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\*E seems to have a fairly ordinary user interface.
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With most other text editors, you are always in either insert mode or
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replace mode, and you can use the arrow keys at any time to move the cursor.
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Now, \*E can act like that, too.
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In fact, with the new "inputmode" option and the "control-Z control-Z" input
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command, you may never have to go into visual command mode for simple edit
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sessions.
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.NH 2
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Digraphs
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.PP
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\*E supports digraphs as a way to enter non-ASCII characters.
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A digraph is a character which is composed of two other characters.
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For example, an apostrophe and the letter i could be defined as a digraph
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which is to be stored & displayed as an accented i.
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.PP
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There is no single standard for extended ASCII character sets.
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\*E can be compiled to fill the digraph with values appropriate for
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either the IBM PC character set, or the LATIN-1 character set used by
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X windows, or neither.
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(See the discussions of -DCS_IBMPC and -DCS_LATIN1 in the CFLAGS section
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of this manual.)
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You can view or edit the digraph table via the ":digraph" colon command.
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.PP
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Digraphs will not be recognized until you've entered ":set digraph".
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.PP
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To actually use a digraph
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type the first character, then hit <Backspace>, and then type the
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second character.
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\*E will then substitute the non-ASCII character in their place.
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.NH 2
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Abbreviations
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.PP
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\*E can expand abbreviations for you.
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You define an abbreviation with the :abbr command,
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and then whenever you type in the abbreviated form while in input mode,
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\*E will immediately replace it with the long form.
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COBOL programmers should find this useful. :-)
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.PP
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\*E doesn't perform the substitution until you type a non-alphanumeric
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character to mark the end of the word.
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If you type a control-V before that non-alphanumeric character, then
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\*E will not perform the substitution.
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.NH 2
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Auto-Indent
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.PP
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With the ":set autoindent" option turned on,
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\*E will automatically insert leading whitespace at the beginning of each
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new line that you type in.
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The leading whitespace is copied from the preceding line.
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.PP
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To add more leading whitespace, type control-T.
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To remove some whitespace, type control-D.
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.PP
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If you ":set noautotab", then the whitespace generated by control-T will
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always consist of spaces -- never tabs.
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Some people seem to prefer this.
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.PP
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\*E' autoindent mode isn't 100% compatible with vi's.
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In \*E, 0^D and ^^D don't work,
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^U can wipeout all indentation,
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and sometimes \*E will use a different amount of indentation than vi would.
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