290 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
290 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: whois.1,v 1.19 2003/04/06 20:14:41 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)whois.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 6/20/94
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.\"
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.Dd January 12, 2002
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.Dt WHOIS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm whois
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.Nd TCP/IP Internet directory service, RIPE version
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl 46aFSrR
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.Op Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl p Ar port
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.Op Fl i Ar attributes
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.Op Fl s Ar sources
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.Op Fl T Ns Ar \ types
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.Op Fl L | m | M
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.Ar identifier
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.Nm
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.Fl t Ar type
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.Nm
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.Fl v Ar type
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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program is a client implementation of the WHOIS protocol for querying
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databases and directory services on the Internet.
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Most often, it is used to query the domain name contact and administration
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databases of Internet Domain Name Registrars.
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.Pp
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The WHOIS protocol does not specify very much of the format of
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either the query or the servers' response.
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In essence, the protocol calls for a
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.Tn NETASCII
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word or phrase to be sent on a
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.Tn TCP
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connection to a
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.Tn WHOIS
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server, which then sends some amount of
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.Tn NETASCII
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in response on the same connection,
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closing the connection when it has finished sending.
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Necessarily, both the format and the content of the response will be server-dependent
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.Po
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e.g. what you get back depends on who you ask, and what you ask
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.Pc .
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.Pp
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By default,
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.Nm
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will send the query to
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.Qq whois.internic.net .
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm
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is used to query an Internet domain name registrar's database, the
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.Ar identifier
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can be either a name
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.Po
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e.g.
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.Qq Karrenberg
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.Pc ,
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a
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.Tn NIC-handle
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.Po
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e.g.
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.Qq DK58
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.Pc ,
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an IP network number
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.Po
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e.g.
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.Qq 192.87.45.0/24
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.Pc ,
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or a domain name
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.Po
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e.g.
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.Qq ripe.net
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.Pc .
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.Sh OPTIONS
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl h Ar host
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Query a host other than the default.
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.It Fl p Ar port
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Connect to a
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.Tn TCP
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port other than 43 (the default).
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.El
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.Pp
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By default,
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.Nm
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will attempt to connect to a WHOIS server with both IPv6 and IPv4,
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in that order.
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To force one or the other transport:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl 4
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connect with IPv4/TCP only.
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.It Fl 6
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connect with IPv6/TCP only.
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.El
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.Ss RIPE specific extensions
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This version of
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.Nm
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implements protocol extensions compatible with a version of the RIPE
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database WHOIS server that supports classless IP addresses.
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All IP network numbers are considered classless IP network numbers of
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the form prefix/length, like 192.87.45.0/24 for a class C sized network
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number and 128.86.0.0/16 for a class B sized network number.
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Any length can be given.
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If no length is given, the server assumes a host lookup (i.e. length 32).
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.Pp
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By default, the server will return the first less specific network
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number, which can be an exact match if available in the database.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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This causes the server to include information from
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non-RIPE WHOIS databases in the reply.
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Currently these are the public parts of the US NIC and NSFNET databases.
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Please note that the RIPE NCC does not maintain these databases.
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The information is included for for your convenience only.
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.It Fl F
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fast output.
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Force the WHOIS server to not reformat the output.
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This can save time for large objects.
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The output of the RIPE WHOIS server will be in two letter short form.
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This option implies -r.
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.It Fl L
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lookup all less specific networks.
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Has effect only when looking up IP network numbers.
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.It Fl m
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lookup first level more specific networks.
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Has effect only when looking up IP network numbers.
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.It Fl M
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lookup all more specific networks.
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Has effect only when looking up IP network numbers.
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.It Fl r
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non-recursive lookup.
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This will cause the server to not lookup referenced objects.
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.It Fl R
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suppress referrals.
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Forces local copy of a domain object to be shown even if it contains referral.
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.It Fl i Ar attributes
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attributes is a comma separated list of attributes.
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the WHOIS server will return all objects that match the search keys
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in one of these attributes.
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.It Fl s Ar sources
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sources is a comma separated list of database sources.
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The WHOIS server will only search the databases that match the
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specified sources.
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.It Fl S
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requests the server to leave out "syntactic sugar" that may normally
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be inserted in some database objects.
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.It Fl t Ar type
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requests the server to send a template for an object with type "type".
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.It Fl v Ar type
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requests the server to send a verbose template for an object with type "type".
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.It Fl T Ar types
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types is a comma separated list of object types.
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requests the server to only send back objects that match one of the "types".
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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$ whois karrenberg
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person: Daniel Karrenberg
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address: RIPE Network Coordination Centre
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address: Kruislaan 409
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address: NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam
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address: Netherlands
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phone: +31 20 5925065
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fax-no: +31 20 5925155
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e-mail: dfk@ripe.net
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nic-hdl: DK58
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changed: dfk@ripe.net 920407
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changed: ripe-dbm@ripe.net 920407
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source: RIPE
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$ whois -h whois.ripe.net -r 192.87.45.0/24
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inetnum: 192.87.45.0
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netname: RIPE-NCC
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descr: RIPE Network Coordination Centre
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descr: Amsterdam, Netherlands
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country: NL
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admin-c: Daniel Karrenberg
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tech-c: Marten Terpstra
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connect: RIPE NSF WCW
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aut-sys: AS3333
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ias-int: 192.87.45.80 AS1104
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ias-int: 192.87.45.6 AS2122
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ias-int: 192.87.45.254 AS2600
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rev-srv: ns.ripe.net
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rev-srv: ns.eu.net
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notify: ops@ripe.net
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changed: tony@ripe.net 940110
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source: RIPE
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.Ed
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.Ss Other Useful WHOIS Servers
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Herewith follows an incomplete list of other potentially useful
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WHOIS servers on the Internet.
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.Pp
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For information about IP address allocations,
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the registrars who handle those allocations are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It whois.arin.net
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American Registry for Internet Numbers.
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.It whois.apnic.net
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Asia-Pacific Network Information Center.
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.It whois.ripe.net
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Reseaux IP Europeens - Network Coordination Center.
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.El
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.Pp
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Internet domain names can now be registered through many different
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competing registrars, many of whom (but probably not all of whom)
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operate WHOIS servers:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It whois.networksolutions.com
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Network Solutions, operators of the InterNIC.
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.It whois.ripe.net
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RIPE domains, assignments, \*[Am] routing info.
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.It whois.ra.net
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Merit/IRR routing info.
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.It whois.geektools.com
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recursing proxies that query internic.net.
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.It whois.fucknsi.com
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a meta-WHOIS server that attempts to query all the registrars.
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.It whois.opensrs.net
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same as above, but also authoritative for OpenSRS domain names.
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.El
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.Sh RIPE VERSION
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This is the RIPE version of the WHOIS client program.
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For questions refer to
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.Aq ncc@ripe.net .
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For more information about the RIPE database please also refer to
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.Aq ncc@ripe.net .
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr networks 5 ,
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.Xr bind 8 ,
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.Pa http://www.domainbuyersguide.com/
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.Rs
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.%R RFC
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.%N 812
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.%D March 1982
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.%T "NICNAME/WHOIS"
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.%O (Obsolete)
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.Re
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.Rs
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.%R RFC
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.%N 954
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.%D October 1985
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.%T "NICNAME/WHOIS"
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.Re
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.Sh BUGS
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Most of the extra flags are ONLY supported by the RIPE whois server,
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or copies of the same version of the software.
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Usage of these flags may cause errors on other whois servers.
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.Pp
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr getaddrinfo 3
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functions, thus search order depends on the function.
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