488 lines
9.9 KiB
Groff
488 lines
9.9 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation
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.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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.TH ar 1 "5 November 1991" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
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.de BP
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.sp
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.ti \-.2i
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\(**
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..
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.SH NAME
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ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.hy 0
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.na
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.BR ar " [\|" "-" "\|]"\c
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.I {dmpqrtx}[abcilosuvV] \c
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[\|\c
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.I membername\c
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\&\|] \c
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.I archive\c
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\& \c
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.I files\c
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\&.\|.\|.
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.ad b
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.hy 1
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The GNU \c
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.B ar\c
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\& program creates, modifies, and extracts from
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archives. An \c
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.I archive\c
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\& is a single file holding a collection of
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other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
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the original individual files (called \c
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.I members\c
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\& of the archive).
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The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
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group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
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extraction.
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GNU \c
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.B ar\c
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\& can maintain archives whose members have names of any
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length; however, depending on how \c
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.B ar\c
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\& is configured on your
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system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
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with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
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limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
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characters (typical of formats related to coff).
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
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are most often used as \c
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.I libraries\c
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\& holding commonly needed
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subroutines.
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
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object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `\|\c
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.B s\c
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\|'.
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Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \c
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.B ar\c
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\&
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makes a change to its contents (save for the `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|' update operation).
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An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
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allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
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their placement in the archive.
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You may use `\|\c
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.B nm \-s\c
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\|' or `\|\c
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.B nm \-\-print\-armap\c
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\|' to list this index
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table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \c
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.B ar\c
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\& called
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\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\& can be used to add just the table.
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& insists on at least two arguments to execute: one
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keyletter specifying the \c
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.I operation\c
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\& (optionally accompanied by other
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keyletters specifying \c
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.I modifiers\c
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\&), and the archive name to act on.
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Most operations can also accept further \c
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.I files\c
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\& arguments,
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specifying particular files to operate on.
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.SH OPTIONS
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GNU \c
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.B ar\c
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\& allows you to mix the operation code \c
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.I p\c
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\& and modifier
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flags \c
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.I mod\c
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\& in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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The \c
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.I p\c
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\& keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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.TP
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.B d
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\c
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.I Delete\c
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\& modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as \c
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.I files\c
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\&; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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If you specify the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier, \c
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.B ar\c
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\& will list each module
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as it is deleted.
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.TP
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.B m
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Use this operation to \c
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.I move\c
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\& members in an archive.
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The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
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than one member.
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If no modifiers are used with \c
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.B m\c
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\&, any members you name in the
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\c
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.I files\c
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\& arguments are moved to the \c
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.I end\c
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\& of the archive;
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you can use the `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|', `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|', or `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|' modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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.TP
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.B p
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\c
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.I Print\c
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\& the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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If you specify no \c
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.I files\c
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\&, all the files in the archive are printed.
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.TP
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.B q
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\c
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.I Quick append\c
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\&; add \c
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.I files\c
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\& to the end of \c
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.I archive\c
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\&,
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without checking for replacement.
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The modifiers `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|', `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|', and `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|' do \c
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.I not\c
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\& affect this
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operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
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The modifier `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' makes \c
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.B ar\c
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\& list each file as it is appended.
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Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
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index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `\|\c
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.B ar s\c
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\|' or
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\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\& explicitly to update the symbol table index.
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.TP
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.B r
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Insert \c
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.I files\c
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\& into \c
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.I archive\c
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\& (with \c
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.I replacement\c
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\&). This
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operation differs from `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|' in that any previously existing members
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are deleted if their names match those being added.
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If one of the files named in \c
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.I files\c
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\& doesn't exist, \c
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.B ar\c
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\&
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displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
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of the archive matching that name.
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By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
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use one of the modifiers `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|', `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|', or `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|' to request
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placement relative to some existing member.
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The modifier `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' used with this operation elicits a line of
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output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|' or
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`\|\c
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.B r\c
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\|' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
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deleted) or replaced.
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.TP
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.B t
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Display a \c
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.I table\c
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\& listing the contents of \c
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.I archive\c
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\&, or those
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of the files listed in \c
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.I files\c
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\& that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
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see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
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request that by also specifying the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier.
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If you do not specify any \c
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.I files\c
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\&, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `\|\c
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.B fie\c
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\|') in
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an archive (say `\|\c
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.B b.a\c
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\|'), `\|\c
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.B ar t b.a fie\c
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\|' will list only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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listing\(em\&in our example, `\|\c
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.B ar t b.a\c
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\|'.
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.TP
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.B x
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\c
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.I Extract\c
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\& members (named \c
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.I files\c
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\&) from the archive. You can
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use the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier with this operation, to request that
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& list each name as it extracts it.
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If you do not specify any \c
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.I files\c
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\&, all files in the archive
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are extracted.
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.PP
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A number of modifiers (\c
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.I mod\c
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\&) may immediately follow the \c
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.I p\c
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\&
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keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
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.TP
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.B a
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Add new files \c
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.I after\c
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\& an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \c
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.B a\c
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\&, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \c
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.I membername\c
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\& argument, before the
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\c
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.I archive\c
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\& specification.
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.TP
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.B b
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Add new files \c
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.I before\c
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\& an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \c
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.B b\c
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\&, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \c
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.I membername\c
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\& argument, before the
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\c
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.I archive\c
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\& specification. (same as `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|').
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.TP
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.B c
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\c
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.I Create\c
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\& the archive. The specified \c
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.I archive\c
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\& is always
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created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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using this modifier.
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.TP
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.B f
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Truncate names in the archive.
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.B ar
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will normally permit file names of any length. This will cause it to
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create archives which are not compatible with the native
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.B ar
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program on some systems. If this is a concern, the
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.B f
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modifier may be used to truncate file names when putting them in the
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archive.
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.TP
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.B i
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Insert new files \c
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.I before\c
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\& an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \c
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.B i\c
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\&, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \c
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.I membername\c
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\& argument, before the
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\c
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.I archive\c
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\& specification. (same as `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|').
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.TP
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.B l
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This modifier is accepted but not used.
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.TP
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.B o
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Preserve the \c
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.I original\c
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\& dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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will be stamped with the time of extraction.
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.TP
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.B s
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Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
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even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
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flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `\|\c
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.B ar s\c
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\|' on an
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archive is equivalent to running `\|\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\|' on it.
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.TP
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.B u
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Normally, \c
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.B ar r\c
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\&.\|.\|. inserts all files
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listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \c
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.I only\c
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\& those
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of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
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names, use this modifier. The `\|\c
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.B u\c
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\|' modifier is allowed only for the
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operation `\|\c
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.B r\c
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\|' (replace). In particular, the combination `\|\c
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.B qu\c
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\|' is
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not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
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advantage from the operation `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|'.
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.TP
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.B v
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This modifier requests the \c
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.I verbose\c
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\& version of an operation. Many
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operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
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when the modifier `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' is appended.
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.TP
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.B V
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This modifier shows the version number of
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.BR ar .
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.PP
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.RB "`\|" binutils "\|'"
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entry in
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.B
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info\c
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\&;
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.I
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The GNU Binary Utilities\c
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, Roland H. Pesch (October 1991).
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.BR nm ( 1 )\c
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\&,
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.BR ranlib ( 1 )\c
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\&.
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.SH COPYING
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Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.PP
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
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this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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are preserved on all copies.
|
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.PP
|
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
|
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
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permission notice identical to this one.
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.PP
|
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
|
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manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
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versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
|
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translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
|
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the original English.
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