319 lines
7.9 KiB
Groff
319 lines
7.9 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.35 2003/10/17 22:05:27 wiz Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
|
|
.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd October 8, 2003
|
|
.Dt BOOT 8 i386
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm boot
|
|
.Nd
|
|
system bootstrapping procedures
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Tn IA-32
|
|
computers
|
|
.Po
|
|
the
|
|
.Tn IBM PC
|
|
and its clones
|
|
.Pc
|
|
that can run
|
|
.Nx Ns /i386
|
|
can use any of the following boot procedures, depending on what the hardware and
|
|
.Tn BIOS
|
|
support:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "pxeboot(8)"
|
|
.It boot
|
|
bootstrap
|
|
.Nx
|
|
from the system
|
|
.Tn BIOS
|
|
.It Xr dosboot 8
|
|
bootstrap
|
|
.Nx
|
|
from
|
|
.Tn MS-DOS
|
|
.It Xr w95boot 8
|
|
bootstrap
|
|
.Nx
|
|
from
|
|
.Tn Windows 95
|
|
.It Xr pxeboot 8
|
|
network bootstrap
|
|
.Nx
|
|
from a
|
|
.Tn TCP/IP
|
|
.Tn LAN
|
|
with
|
|
.Tn DHCP ,
|
|
.Tn TFTP ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Tn NFS .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
|
|
Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
|
|
An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
|
|
and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
|
|
.Ss Cold starts
|
|
The 386
|
|
.Tn "PC AT"
|
|
clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive A (otherwise known as drive
|
|
0) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk C (otherwise
|
|
known as hard disk controller 1, drive 0).
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx
|
|
bootblocks are loaded and started either by the
|
|
.Tn BIOS ,
|
|
or by a boot selector program (such as OS-BS, BOOTEASY, the OS/2 Boot Menu or
|
|
.Nx Ns 's
|
|
.No boot-selecting
|
|
master boot record - see
|
|
.Xr mbr 8 ) .
|
|
.Ss Normal Operation
|
|
Once running, a banner similar to the following will appear:
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
\*[Gt]\*[Gt] NetBSD BIOS Boot, revision 3.0
|
|
\*[Gt]\*[Gt] (user@buildhost, builddate)
|
|
\*[Gt]\*[Gt] Memory: 637/15360 k
|
|
Press return to boot now, any other key for boot menu
|
|
booting hd0a:netbsd - starting in 5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After a countdown, the system image listed will be loaded.
|
|
In the example above, it will be
|
|
.Dq Li hd0a:netbsd
|
|
which is the file
|
|
.Nm netbsd
|
|
on partition
|
|
.Dq a
|
|
of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
.Tn MBR
|
|
partition of the first hard disk known to the
|
|
.Tn BIOS
|
|
.Po
|
|
which is an
|
|
.Tn IDE
|
|
or similar device - see the
|
|
.Sx BUGS
|
|
section
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
Pressing a key within the time limit will enter interactive mode.
|
|
.Ss Interactive mode
|
|
In interactive mode, the boot loader will present a prompt, allowing
|
|
input of these commands:
|
|
.\" NOTE: much of this text is duplicated in dosboot.8; please try to
|
|
.\" keep both files synchronized.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 04n -offset 04n
|
|
.It Xo Ic boot
|
|
.Op Va device : Ns
|
|
.Op Va filename
|
|
.Op Fl acdqsv
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The default
|
|
.Va device
|
|
will be set to the disk that the boot loader was
|
|
loaded from.
|
|
To boot from an alternate disk, the full name of the device should
|
|
be given at the prompt.
|
|
.Va device
|
|
is of the form
|
|
.Xo Va xd
|
|
.Op Va N Ns Op Va x
|
|
.Xc
|
|
where
|
|
.Va xd
|
|
is the device from which to boot,
|
|
.Va N
|
|
is the unit number, and
|
|
.Va x
|
|
is the partition letter.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
|
|
installation:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -hang -compact
|
|
.It hd
|
|
Hard disks as numbered by the BIOS. This includes
|
|
ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or
|
|
lookalike controller(s), and SCSI disks
|
|
on SCSI controllers recognized by the BIOS.
|
|
.It fd
|
|
Floppy drives as numbered by the BIOS.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default
|
|
.Va filename
|
|
is
|
|
.Pa netbsd ;
|
|
if the boot loader fails to successfully
|
|
open that image, it then tries
|
|
.Pa netbsd.gz
|
|
(expected to be a kernel image compressed by gzip), followed by
|
|
.Pa netbsd.old ,
|
|
.Pa netbsd.old.gz ,
|
|
.Pa onetbsd ,
|
|
and finally
|
|
.Pa onetbsd.gz .
|
|
Alternate system images can be loaded by just specifying the name of the image.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Options are:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width xxx
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump
|
|
device, and the path to
|
|
.Xr init 8 .
|
|
.It Fl c
|
|
Bring the system up into the device configuration manager. From here
|
|
the device locators can be tuned to the hardware; see
|
|
.Xr userconf 4 .
|
|
.It Fl d
|
|
Bring the system up in debug mode. Here it waits for a kernel
|
|
debugger connect; see
|
|
.Xr ddb 4 .
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
Boot the system in quiet mode.
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Bring the system up in single-user mode.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Boot the system in verbose mode.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Ic consdev Va dev
|
|
Immediately switch the console to the specified device
|
|
.Va dev
|
|
and reprint the banner.
|
|
.Va dev
|
|
must be one of
|
|
.\" .Bl -item -width com[0123]kbd -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ar pc , com0 , com1 , com2 ,
|
|
.Ar com3 , com0kbd , com1kbd , com2kbd ,
|
|
.Ar com3kbd ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Ar auto .
|
|
See
|
|
.Sx Console Selection Policy
|
|
in
|
|
.Xr boot_console 8 .
|
|
.It Ic dev Op Va device
|
|
Set the default drive and partition for subsequent filesystem
|
|
operations. Without an argument, print the current setting.
|
|
.Va device
|
|
is of the form specified in
|
|
.Cm boot .
|
|
.It Ic help
|
|
Print an overview about commands and arguments.
|
|
.It Ic ls Op Pa path
|
|
Print a directory listing of
|
|
.Pa path ,
|
|
containing inode number, filename and file type.
|
|
.Pa path
|
|
can contain a device specification.
|
|
.It Ic quit
|
|
Reboot the system.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
installation notes for the i386 architecture
|
|
can be used to boot from floppy.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_fstype -compact
|
|
.It Pa /boot
|
|
boot program code loaded by the primary bootstrap
|
|
.It Pa /netbsd
|
|
system code
|
|
.It Pa /netbsd.gz
|
|
gzip-compressed system code
|
|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot
|
|
master copy of the boot program (copy to /boot)
|
|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_fstype
|
|
primary bootstrap for filesystem type fstype, copied to the start of
|
|
the netbsd partition by
|
|
.Xr installboot 8 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr ddb 4 ,
|
|
.Xr userconf 4 ,
|
|
.Xr boot_console 8 ,
|
|
.Xr dosboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr halt 8 ,
|
|
.Xr installboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mbr 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pxeboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr reboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr shutdown 8 ,
|
|
.Xr w95boot 8
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
This manual page documents the
|
|
.Pa boot
|
|
interface, which is used by ports other than
|
|
.Nx Ns /i386 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Any
|
|
.Ar filename
|
|
specified after the boot options, e.g.:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Cm boot -d netbsd.test
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
is ignored, and the default kernel is booted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Hard disks are always accessed by
|
|
.Tn BIOS
|
|
functions.
|
|
Unit numbers are
|
|
.Tn BIOS
|
|
device numbers which might differ from numbering in the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel or physical parameters
|
|
.Po
|
|
e.g.,
|
|
.Tn SCSI
|
|
slave numbers
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
There isn't any distinction between
|
|
.Dq sd
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq wd
|
|
devices at the bootloader level.
|
|
This is less a bug of the bootloader code than
|
|
a shortcoming of the PC architecture.
|
|
The default disk device's name printed in the starting message
|
|
is derived from the
|
|
.Dq type
|
|
field of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
disklabel (if it is a hard disk).
|