431 lines
12 KiB
Groff
431 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: le.4,v 1.11 2000/08/11 20:47:14 thorpej Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This software was developed by the Computer Systems Engineering group
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.\" at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract BG 91-66 and
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.\" contributed to Berkeley.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: Header: le.4,v 1.2 92/10/13 05:31:33 leres Exp
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.\" from: @(#)le.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 9, 1993
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.Dt LE 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm le
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.Nd AMD 7990, 79C90, 79C960, 79C970 LANCE Ethernet interface driver
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Ss ISA boards
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.Cd "nele0 at isa? port 0x320 irq 9 drq 7 # NE2100"
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.Cd "le* at nele?"
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.Cd "bicc0 at isa? port 0x320 irq 10 drq 7 # BICC Isolan"
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.Cd "le* at bicc?"
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.Cd "depca0 at isa? port 0x300 iomem 0xc8000 iosiz 0x8000 irq 5 # DEC DEPCA"
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.Cd "le* at depca?"
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.Cd "le* at isapnp? # ISA-Plug-and-Play adapters"
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.Ss EISA boards
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.Cd "depca* at eisa? slot ? # DEC DE422"
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.Cd "le* at depca?"
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.Ss PCI boards and mainboard adapters
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.Cd "le* at pci? dev? function ?"
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.Ss Turbochannel PMAD-A or onboard (alpha, pmax)
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.Cd "le* at tc? slot ? offset ?"
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.Ss alpha
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.Cd "le* at ioasic? offset ?"
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.Ss amiga
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.Cd "le* at zbus0"
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.Ss atari
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.Cd "le0 at vme0 irq 4 # BVME410"
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.Cd "le0 at vme0 irq 5 # Riebl/PAM"
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.Ss hp300
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.Cd "le* at dio? scode ?"
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.Ss mvme68k
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.Cd "le0 at pcc? ipl 3 # MVME147"
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.Ss news68k
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.Cd "le0 at hb0 addr 0xe0f00000 ipl 4"
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.Ss newsmips
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.Cd "le0 at hb0 addr 0xbff80000 level 1"
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.Ss pmax
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.Cd "le* at ioasic? offset ?"
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.Cd "le* at ibus0 addr ?"
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.Ss sparc and sparc64
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.Cd "le* at sbus? slot ? offset ?"
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.Cd "le* at ledma0 slot ? offset ?"
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.Cd "le* at lebuffer? slot ? offset ?"
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.Ss sun3
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.Cd "le0 at obio0 addr 0x120000 ipl 3"
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.Cd "options LANCE_REVC_BUG"
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.Ss vax
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.Cd "le0 at vsbus0 csr 0x200e0000"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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interface provides access to a
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.Tn Ethernet
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network via the
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.Tn AMD
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Am7990 and Am79C90 (CMOS, pin-compatible)
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.Tn LANCE
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(Local Area Network Controller - Ethernet) chip set.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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driver also supports PCnet-PCI cards based on the
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.Tn AMD 79c970
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chipset, which is a single-chip implementation of a
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.Tn LANCE
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chip and
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.Tn PCI
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bus interface.
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.Pp
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Each of the host's network addresses
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is specified at boot time with an
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.Dv SIOCSIFADDR
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.Xr ioctl 2 .
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The
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.Nm
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interface employs the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) described in
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.Xr arp 4
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to dynamically map between Internet and
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.Tn Ethernet
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addresses on the local network.
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.Pp
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Selective reception of multicast Ethernet frames is provided
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by a 64-bit mask; multicast destination addresses are hashed to a
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bit entry using the Ethernet CRC function.
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.Pp
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The use of
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.Qq trailer
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encapsulation to minimize copying data on input and output is
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supported by the interface but offers no advantage on systems with
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large page sizes.
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The use of trailers is automatically negotiated with
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.Tn ARP .
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This negotiation may be disabled, on a per-interface basis, with
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.Xr ifconfig 8 .
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.Sh HARDWARE
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.Ss amiga
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The
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.Nm
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interface supports the following Zorro II expansion cards:
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.Bl -tag -width "AMERISTAR" -offset indent
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.It Em A2065
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Commodore's Ethernet card, manufacturer\ 514, product\ 112
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.It Em AMERISTAR
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Ameristar's Ethernet card, manufacturer\ 1053, product\ 1
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.It Em ARIADNE
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Village Tronic's Ethernet card, manufacturer\ 2167, product\ 201
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.El
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.Pp
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The A2065 and Ameristar Ethernet cards supports only manual media selection.
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.Pp
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The Ariadne card supports a software media selection for it's two
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different connectors:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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.It 10Base2/BNC
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also known as thinwire-Ethernet
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.It 10BaseT/UTP
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also known as twisted pair
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.El
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.Pp
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The Ariadne card uses an autoselect between UTP and BNC, so it uses
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UTP when an active UTP line is connected or otherwise BNC.
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See
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.Xr ifmedia 4
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for media selection options for
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.Xr ifconfig 8 .
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.Ss ISA
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The ISA-bus Ethernet cards supported by the
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.Nm
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interface are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width -offset indent -compact
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.It BICC Isolan
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.It Novell NE2100
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.It Digital DEPCA
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.El
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.Ss EISA
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The EISA-bus Ethernet cards supported by the
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.Nm
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interface are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width -offset indent -compact
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.It DEC DE422
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.El
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.Ss pmax
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All
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.Tn LANCE
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interfaces on
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.Tn DECstations
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are supported, as are interfaces on
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.Tn "Alpha AXP"
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machines with a
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.Tn TurboChannel
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bus.
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.Pp
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No support is provided for switching between media ports.
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The
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.Tn DECstation
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3100 provides both AUI and BNC (thinwire or 10base2) connectors.
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Port selection is via a manual switch and is not software configurable.
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.Pp
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The
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.Tn DECstation
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model 5000/200
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.Tn PMAD-AA
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baseboard device provides only a BNC connector.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm ioasic
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baseboard devices and the
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.Tn PMAD-AA
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.Tn TurboChannel
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option card provide only an AUI port.
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.Ss sparc
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The
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.Tn Sbus
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.Tn Ethernet
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cards supported by the
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.Nm
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interface include:
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.Bl -tag -width -offset indent -compact
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.It SBE/S
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.Tn SCSI
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and Buffered
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.Tn Ethernet
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(sun part 501-1860)
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.It FSBE/S
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Fast
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.Tn SCSI
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and Buffered
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.Tn Ethernet
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(sun part 501-2015)
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.El
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.Pp
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Interfaces attached to an
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.Sy ledma0
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on SPARC systems typically have have two types of connectors:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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.It AUI/DIX
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Standard 15 pin connector
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.It 10BaseT
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UTP, also known as twisted pair
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.El
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.Pp
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The appropriate connector can be selected by supplying a
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.Cm media
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parameter to
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.Xr ifconfig 8 .
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The supported arguments for
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.Cm media
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are:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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.It Sy 10base5/AUI
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to select the AUI connector, or
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.It Sy 10baseT/UTP
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to select the UTP connector.
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.El
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.Pp
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If a
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.Cm media
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parameter is not specified, a default connector is selected for
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use by examining all media types for carrier.
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The first connector on which a carrier is detected will be selected.
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Additionally, if carrier is dropped on a port, the driver will
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switch between the possible ports until one with carrier is found.
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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.Bl -diag
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.It "le%d: overflow"
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More packets came in from the Ethernet than there was space in the
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receive buffers.
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Packets were missed.
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.It "le%d: receive buffer error"
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Ran out of buffer space, packet dropped.
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.It "le%d: lost carrier"
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The Ethernet carrier disappeared during an attempt to transmit.
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It will finish transmitting the current packet,
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but will not automatically retry transmission if there is a collision.
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.It "le%d: excessive collisions, tdr %d"
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Ethernet extremely busy or jammed,
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outbound packets dropped after 16 attempts to retransmit.
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.Pp
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.Sy TDR
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is
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.Qq Time Domain Reflectometry .
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The
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.Tn LANCE
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TDR value is an internal counter of the interval between the start
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of a transmission, and the occurrence of a collision.
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This value can be used to determine the distance from the Ethernet
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tap to the point on the Ethernet cable that is shorted or open
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(unterminated).
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.It "le%d: dropping chained buffer"
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Packet didn't fit into a single receive buffer, packet dropped.
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Since the
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.Nm
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driver allocates buffers large enough to receive the maximum size
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.Tn Ethernet
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packet, this means some other station on the LAN transmitted a
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packet larger than allowed by the
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.Tn Ethernet
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standard.
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.It "le%d: transmit buffer error"
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.Tn LANCE
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ran out of buffer before finishing the transmission of a packet.
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If this error occurrs, the driver software has a bug.
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.It "le%d: underflow"
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.Tn LANCE
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ran out of buffer before finishing the transmission of a packet.
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If this error occurrs, the driver software has a bug.
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.It "le%d: controller failed to initialize"
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Driver failed to start the AM7990
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.Tn LANCE .
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This is potentially a hardware failure.
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.It "le%d: memory error"
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.Tn RAM
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failed to respond within the timeout when the
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.Tn LANCE
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wanted to read or write it.
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This is potentially a hardware failure.
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.It "le%d: receiver disabled"
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The
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.Tn LANCE
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receiver was turned off due to an error.
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.It "le%d: transmitter disabled"
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The
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.Tn LANCE
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transmitter was turned off due to an error.
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.El
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.Sh BUGS
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The Am7990 Revision C chips have a bug which causes garbage to
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be inserted in front of the received packet occasionally.
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The work-around is to ignore packets with an invalid destination
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address (garbage will usually not match), by double-checking the
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destination address of every packet in the driver.
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This work-around is enabled with the
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.Dv LANCE_REVC_BUG
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kernel option.
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.Pp
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When
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.Dv LANCE_REVC_BUG
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is enabled, the
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.Nm
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driver executes one or two calls to an inline Ethernet address
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comparison function for every received packet.
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On the
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.Tn mc68000
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it is exactly eight instructions of 16-bits each.
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There is one comparison for each unicast packet, and two
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comparisons for each broadcast packet.
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.Pp
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In summary, the cost of the LANCE_REVC_BUG option is:
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.Bl -enum -compact
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.It
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loss of multicast support, and
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.It
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eight extra
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.Tn CPU
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instructions per received packet, sometimes sixteen,
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depending on both the processor, and the type of packet.
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.El
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.Pp
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All sun3 systems are presumed to have this bad revision of the Am7990,
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until proven otherwise.
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Alas, the only way to prove what revision of the chip is in a
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particular system is inspection of the date code on the chip package,
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to compare against a list of what chip revisions were fabricated
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between which dates.
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.Pp
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Alas, the Am7990 chip is so old that
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.Tn AMD
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has
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.Qq de-archived
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the production information about it; pending a search elsewhere,
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we don't know how to identify the revision C chip from the date
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codes.
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.Pp
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On all pmax front-ends, performance is impaired by hardware which
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forces a software copy of packets to and from DMA buffers.
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The
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.Nm ioasic
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machines and the
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.Tn DECstation
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3100 must
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copy packets to and from non-contiguous DMA buffers.
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The
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.Tn DECstation
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5000/200 and the
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.Tn PMAD-AA
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must copy to and from an onboard SRAM DMA buffer.
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The CPU overhead is noticeable, but all machines
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can sustain full 10 Mb/s media speed.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The pmax
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.Nm
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driver is derived from a
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.Nm
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driver that first appeared in
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.Bx 4.4 .
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Support for multiple bus attachments first appeared in
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.Nx 1.2 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Tn Amiga
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.Nm
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interface first appeared in
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.Nx 1.0
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.Pp
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The Ariadne Ethernet card first appeared with the
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.Tn Amiga
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ae interface in
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.Nx 1.1
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and was converted to the
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.Tn Amiga
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.Nm
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interface in
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.Nx 1.3
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr inet 4 ,
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.Xr arp 4 ,
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.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Rs
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.%R "Am79C90 - CMOS Local Area Network Controller for Ethernet"
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.%D May 1994
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.%N 17881
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.%O Advanced Micro Devices
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.Re
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