536 lines
12 KiB
Groff
536 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.13 2003/08/07 10:31:22 agc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Christopher G. Demetriou
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed for the
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.\" NetBSD Project. See http://www.NetBSD.org/ for
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.\" information about NetBSD.
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" <<Id: LICENSE,v 1.2 2000/06/14 15:57:33 cgd Exp>>
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
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.\" Science Department.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_hp300.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd May 29, 2003
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.Dt BOOT 8 alpha
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd Alpha system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Tn DEC
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.Tn Alpha
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systems can have either of two different firmware systems:
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.Tn ARC
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.Pq a.k.a. Tn AlphaBIOS ,
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and
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.Tn SRM .
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Some
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.Tn Alpha
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systems have both in their flash
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.Tn RAM
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and can switch between them on command.
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.Tn ARC
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is used to bootstrap Microsoft Windows NT for
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.Tn Alpha .
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.Tn SRM
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is used to bootstrap
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.Tn OpenVMS
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and
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.Tn Ultrix .
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.Nx
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requires
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.Tn SRM .
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.Pp
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.Tn SRM
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can bootstrap from supported local storage devices, e.g.,
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.Tn IDE
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disks or
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.Tn CD-ROM
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drives,
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.Tn SCSI
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disks or
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.Tn CD-ROM
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drives, and floppy drives.
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.Tn SRM
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can also network bootstrap via supported
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.Tn Ethernet
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interfaces, using
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.Tn BOOTP
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or
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.Tn MOP .
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The particular capabilities of
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.Tn SRM
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will vary from system to system.
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.Pp
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When
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.Tn SRM
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boots the system, it performs a Power On Self Test
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.Pq Tn POST ,
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probes the system busses to identify devices, and initializes them.
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.Tn SRM
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includes an x86 instruction emulator in order to run the
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.Tn BIOS
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initialization routines found in the
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.Tn PROM
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of any video cards found.
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In this way, most generic
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.Tn PCI
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video cards can work in
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.Tn Alpha
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systems that have
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.Tn PCI
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bus slots.
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.Pp
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.Tn SRM
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then examines the state of one of several variables:
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.Ev auto_action .
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If the value of
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.Ev auto_action
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is
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.Qq halt
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then
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.Tn SRM
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will stop, print its prompt:
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.Qq \*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]
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and wait for commands to be entered on the console.
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If the value of
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.Ev auto_action
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is
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.Qq boot
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then
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.Tn SRM
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will automatically bootstrap the operating system specified by
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various non-volatile environment variables.
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.Pp
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.Tn SRM
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device names are not the same as in
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.Nx ,
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e.g.,
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.Sy ewa0
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is a
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.Tn DEC
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.Qq tulip
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.Tn Ethernet
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interface,
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.Sy dka0
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is a
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.Tn SCSI
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disk on a recognized controller,
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.Sy dqa0
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is an
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.Tn IDE
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disk on a recognized controller.
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The
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.Ic show device
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command will list all the devices that
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.Tn SRM
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can bootstrap from.
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.Ss SRM Commands
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.Tn SRM
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is somewhat
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.Ux Ns No -like
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in that it incorporates a simple pipe and I/O redirection,
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which allows command sequences like:
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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show config | more
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show * | more
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.Ed
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.Pp
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An essential but incomplete list of
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.Tn SRM
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commands follows:
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.\" .Pp
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.\" .Bl -tag -width "boot [-file filename] [-flags value] [-protocols enet_protocol] [device]"
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.\" .It Ic boot Oo Fl file Ar filename Oc Oo Fl flags Ar value Oc Oo Fl protocols Ar enet_protocol Oc Op Ar device
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.Pp
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.Ic boot
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.Op Fl file Ar filename
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.Op Fl flags Ar value
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.\" .Op Fl protocols Ar enet_protocol
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.Op Ar device
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.Pp
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Boot an operating system.
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The default arguments for this command are taken from the
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.Tn SRM
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environment variables:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -compact -width "boot_osflags" -offset indent
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.It Ev boot_file
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file name to bootstrap.
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.It Ev boot_osflags
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flags to pass to the secondary bootstrap program.
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.It Ev bootdef_dev
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default bootstrap device.
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.El
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.\" .It Ic help Op Ar command
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.Pp
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.Ic help Op Ar command
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.Pp
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Invoke the
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.Tn SRM
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help system.
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.\" .It Ic set Ar variable Ar value
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.Pp
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.Ic init
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.Pp
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Reset the
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.Tn SRM
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console, and take actions as specified by
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.Tn SRM
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variables.
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.Pp
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.Ic set Ar variable Ar value Op Fl default
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.Pp
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Set an
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.Tn SRM
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variable, e.g.,
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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set auto_action boot
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set bootdef_dev dka0
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set ewa0_mode auto
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If the
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.Fl default
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flag is used, the variable will be set to its default value.
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.\" .It Ic show Ar variable or subsystem
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.Pp
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.Ic show Ar variable or subsystem
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.Pp
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Show
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.Tn SRM
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variables and values, or show system state or configuration.
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If a wildcard is used, then all matching
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.Tn SRM
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variables are shown, e.g.,
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "show device" -compact -offset indent
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.It Ic show \&*
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will display all
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.Tn SRM
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variables.
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.It Ic show b*
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will display all variables whose names begin with
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.Em b .
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.It Ic show config
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will display the complete system configuration.
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.It Ic show device
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will display all bootable devices.
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.It Ic show memory
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will display the system's memory configuration.
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.El
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.\" .El
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.Ss SRM Variables
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.Bl -tag -width "ew*0_protocols"
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.It Ev auto_action
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What
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.Tn SRM
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will do at system startup or reset:
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.Bl -tag -width boot
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.It Ar boot
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automatically bootstrap the operating system.
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.It Ar halt
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after
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.Tn POST ,
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prompt the user on the console for commands to execute.
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.El
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.Pp
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Some
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.Tn Alpha
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systems
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.Pq e.g., Tn AlphaServer 800
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have a
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.Qq halt
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switch, which if set, will override the action of this variable, and cause
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.Tn SRM
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to stop after
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.Tn POST
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and prompt the user for commands to execute.
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.It Ev bootdef_dev
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The default bootstrap device, e.g.,
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.Sy dka0 ,
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.Sy dqa0 ,
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.Sy ewa0 .
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The
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.Ic show device
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command will list the available and recognized bootable devices.
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.It Ev boot_file
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The file to bootstrap from; this is a null string by default.
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.It Ev boot_osflags
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The flag passed to the secondary bootstrap program, and the
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.Nx
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kernel:
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.Bl -tag -width "XXXX"
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.It Sy a
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.Pq automatic
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multi-user mode bootstrap.
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.It Sy c
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crash dump immediately after
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.Xr autoconf 4 ,
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if the
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.Nx
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kernel is compiled with
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.Dv DEBUG ;
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See
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.Xr options 4 .
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.It Sy d
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break into the debugger ASAP, if the
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.Nx
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kernel is compiled with
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.Dv DDB
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or
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.Dv KGDB ;
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See
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.Xr options 4 .
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.It Sy h
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on a reboot request from the
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.Nx
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kernel, halt the system instead of rebooting.
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.It Sy i
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the
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.Nx
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secondary bootstrap program will stop and prompt for the
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.Nx
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kernel file name to bootstrap.
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.It Sy n
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the
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.Nx
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kernel will ask for the root file system's device, the kernel core
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dump device, and the path to
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.Xr init 8 .
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.It Sy q
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bootstrap quietly.
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.It Sy s
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single-user mode bootstrap.
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.It Sy v
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bootstrap verbosely.
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.El
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.Pp
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These may be used in combinations that are not mutually exclusive.
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These options are case-insensitive to be compatible with
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.Tn DEC
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operating systems.
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.It Ev console
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What type of console device
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.Tn SRM
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and
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.Nx
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will use:
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.Bl -tag -width "graphics"
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.It Ar graphics
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use a video card for output, and a
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.Tn PC
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keyboard for input.
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.It Ar serial
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use the first serial port for console.
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.El
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.Pp
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Just as with
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.Tn Sun
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systems,
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.Tn Alpha
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systems will use the first serial port as a console if there is no
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keyboard plugged into the keyboard port, even if
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.Ev console
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is set to
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.Qq graphics .
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.It Ev ew*0_mode
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The media and speed for
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.Tn DEC
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.Qq tulip
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Ethernet interfaces
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.Po
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e.g.,
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.Tn DECchip
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21040, 21140, 21143
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.Pc ;
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possible values are:
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.Ic auto
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.Po
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.Tn IEEE
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802.3u
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.Qq Nway
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negotiation
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.Pc ,
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.Ic BNC ,
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.Ic AUI ,
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.Ic Twisted-Pair ,
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.Ic FastFD
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.Pq Fast Full Duplex .
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.It Ev ew*0_protocols
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The protocol to use when netbooting, i.e.,
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.Tn MOP
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.Pq Maintenance Operations Protocol ,
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or
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.Tn BOOTP
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.Pq Bootstrap Protocol .
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.Pp
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The
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.Tn Alpha
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.Tn SRM
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firmware is picky about
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.Tn BOOTP
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responses; the
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.Xr dhcpd.conf 5
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on the server needs the
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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always-reply-rfc1048 on;
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.Ed
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.Pp
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directive in the section for netbooting
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.Tn Alpha
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systems.
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.It Ev os_type
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This determines which system firmware will be used after the next
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power-cycle, if both
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.Tn ARC
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and
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.Tn SRM
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are present in
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.Tn Flash RAM .
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This should be set to any of
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.Qq Ux ,
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.Qq osf ,
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or
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.Qq vms
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to select the
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.Tn SRM
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console required for
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.Nx .
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.Tn OSF
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refers to the Open Software Foundation.
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.El
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.Ss After bootstrap
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Once the
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.Nx Ns Tn /alpha
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kernel is booted normally
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it initializes itself and proceeds to start the system.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems takes place,
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and unless this fails, the system comes up to multi-user operation.
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.Pp
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The proper way to shut the system down is with the
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.Xr shutdown 8
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command.
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.Pp
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If the system crashes, it will enter the kernel debugger,
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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if it is configured in the kernel.
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If the crash occurred during initialization and the debugger is
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not present or is exited, the kernel will halt the system.
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.Pp
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If the crash occurred during normal operation and the debugger
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is not present or is exited, the system will attempt a dump to the
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configured dump device (which will be automatically recovered with
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.Xr savecore 8
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during the next bootstrap cycle), and after the dump is complete (successful
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or not) the kernel will attempt a reboot.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660 -compact
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.It Pa /boot
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.Nx
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secondary bootstrap program
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.Pq installed
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.It Pa /netbsd
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default
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.Nx
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system kernel
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660
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primary bootstrap for
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.Dq cd9660
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.Pq Tn ISO 9660
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file system
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs
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primary bootstrap for
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.Dq ffs
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file system
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.Pq Berkeley Fast File System
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot
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secondary bootstrap
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/netboot
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network bootstrap
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/ustarboot
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.Dq ustar
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disk and tape bootstrap
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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.Xr diskless 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr installboot 8 ,
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.Xr mkbootimage 8 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr savecore 8 ,
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.Xr setnetbootinfo 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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.Rs
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.%T "Alpha Architecture Reference Manual Third Edition"
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.%Q "Alpha Architecture Committee"
|
|
.%I "Digital Press"
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.%D 1998
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.Re
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.Sh BUGS
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|
The device names used by
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.Nx Ns Tn /alpha
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and the
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.Tn SRM Console
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often have no relation to each other.
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