3004 lines
141 KiB
Groff
3004 lines
141 KiB
Groff
.TH "unbound.conf" "5" "Feb 13, 2024" "NLnet Labs" "unbound 1.19.1"
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.\"
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.\" unbound.conf.5 -- unbound.conf manual
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2007, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" See LICENSE for the license.
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.\"
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.\"
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.SH "NAME"
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.B unbound.conf
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\- Unbound configuration file.
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.B unbound.conf
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.B unbound.conf
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is used to configure
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\fIunbound\fR(8).
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The file format has attributes and values. Some attributes have attributes
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inside them.
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The notation is: attribute: value.
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.P
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Comments start with # and last to the end of line. Empty lines are
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ignored as is whitespace at the beginning of a line.
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.P
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The utility
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\fIunbound\-checkconf\fR(8)
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can be used to check unbound.conf prior to usage.
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.SH "EXAMPLE"
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An example config file is shown below. Copy this to /etc/unbound/unbound.conf
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and start the server with:
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.P
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.nf
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$ unbound \-c /etc/unbound/unbound.conf
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.fi
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.P
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Most settings are the defaults. Stop the server with:
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.P
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.nf
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$ kill `cat /etc/unbound/unbound.pid`
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.fi
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.P
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Below is a minimal config file. The source distribution contains an extensive
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example.conf file with all the options.
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.P
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.nf
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# unbound.conf(5) config file for unbound(8).
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server:
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directory: "/etc/unbound"
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username: unbound
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# make sure unbound can access entropy from inside the chroot.
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# e.g. on linux the use these commands (on BSD, devfs(8) is used):
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# mount \-\-bind \-n /dev/urandom /etc/unbound/dev/urandom
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# and mount \-\-bind \-n /dev/log /etc/unbound/dev/log
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chroot: "/etc/unbound"
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# logfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.log" #uncomment to use logfile.
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pidfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.pid"
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# verbosity: 1 # uncomment and increase to get more logging.
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# listen on all interfaces, answer queries from the local subnet.
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interface: 0.0.0.0
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interface: ::0
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access\-control: 10.0.0.0/8 allow
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access\-control: 2001:DB8::/64 allow
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.fi
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.SH "FILE FORMAT"
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There must be whitespace between keywords. Attribute keywords end with a
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colon ':'. An attribute is followed by a value, or its containing attributes
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in which case it is referred to as a clause. Clauses can be repeated throughout
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the file (or included files) to group attributes under the same clause.
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.P
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Files can be included using the
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.B include:
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directive. It can appear anywhere, it accepts a single file name as argument.
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Processing continues as if the text from the included file was copied into
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the config file at that point. If also using chroot, using full path names
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for the included files works, relative pathnames for the included names work
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if the directory where the daemon is started equals its chroot/working
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directory or is specified before the include statement with directory: dir.
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Wildcards can be used to include multiple files, see \fIglob\fR(7).
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.P
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For a more structural include option, the
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.B include\-toplevel:
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directive can be used. This closes whatever clause is currently active (if any)
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and forces the use of clauses in the included files and right after this
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directive.
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.SS "Server Options"
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These options are part of the
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.B server:
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clause.
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.TP
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.B verbosity: \fI<number>
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The verbosity number, level 0 means no verbosity, only errors. Level 1
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gives operational information. Level 2 gives detailed operational
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information including short information per query. Level 3 gives query level
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information, output per query. Level 4 gives algorithm level information.
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Level 5 logs client identification for cache misses. Default is level 1.
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The verbosity can also be increased from the commandline, see \fIunbound\fR(8).
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.TP
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.B statistics\-interval: \fI<seconds>
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The number of seconds between printing statistics to the log for every thread.
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Disable with value 0 or "". Default is disabled. The histogram statistics
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are only printed if replies were sent during the statistics interval,
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requestlist statistics are printed for every interval (but can be 0).
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This is because the median calculation requires data to be present.
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.TP
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.B statistics\-cumulative: \fI<yes or no>
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If enabled, statistics are cumulative since starting Unbound, without clearing
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the statistics counters after logging the statistics. Default is no.
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.TP
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.B extended\-statistics: \fI<yes or no>
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If enabled, extended statistics are printed from \fIunbound\-control\fR(8).
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Default is off, because keeping track of more statistics takes time. The
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counters are listed in \fIunbound\-control\fR(8).
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.TP
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.B statistics\-inhibit\-zero: \fI<yes or no>
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If enabled, selected extended statistics with a value of 0 are inhibited from
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printing with \fIunbound\-control\fR(8).
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These are query types, query classes, query opcodes, answer rcodes
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(except NOERROR, FORMERR, SERVFAIL, NXDOMAIN, NOTIMPL, REFUSED) and
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RPZ actions.
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Default is on.
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.TP
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.B num\-threads: \fI<number>
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The number of threads to create to serve clients. Use 1 for no threading.
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.TP
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.B port: \fI<port number>
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The port number, default 53, on which the server responds to queries.
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.TP
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.B interface: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]>
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Interface to use to connect to the network. This interface is listened to
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for queries from clients, and answers to clients are given from it.
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Can be given multiple times to work on several interfaces. If none are
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given the default is to listen to localhost. If an interface name is used
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instead of an ip address, the list of ip addresses on that interface are used.
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The interfaces are not changed on a reload (kill \-HUP) but only on restart.
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A port number can be specified with @port (without spaces between
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interface and port number), if not specified the default port (from
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\fBport\fR) is used.
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.TP
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.B ip\-address: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]>
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Same as interface: (for ease of compatibility with nsd.conf).
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.TP
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.B interface\-automatic: \fI<yes or no>
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Listen on all addresses on all (current and future) interfaces, detect the
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source interface on UDP queries and copy them to replies. This is a lot like
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ip\-transparent, but this option services all interfaces whilst with
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ip\-transparent you can select which (future) interfaces Unbound provides
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service on. This feature is experimental, and needs support in your OS for
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particular socket options. Default value is no.
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.TP
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.B interface\-automatic\-ports: \fI<string>
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List the port numbers that interface-automatic listens on. If empty, the
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default port is listened on. The port numbers are separated by spaces in the
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string. Default is "".
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.IP
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This can be used to have interface automatic to deal with the interface,
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and listen on the normal port number, by including it in the list, and
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also https or dns over tls port numbers by putting them in the list as well.
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.TP
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.B outgoing\-interface: \fI<ip address or ip6 netblock>
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Interface to use to connect to the network. This interface is used to send
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queries to authoritative servers and receive their replies. Can be given
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multiple times to work on several interfaces. If none are given the
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default (all) is used. You can specify the same interfaces in
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.B interface:
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and
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.B outgoing\-interface:
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lines, the interfaces are then used for both purposes. Outgoing queries are
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sent via a random outgoing interface to counter spoofing.
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.IP
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If an IPv6 netblock is specified instead of an individual IPv6 address,
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outgoing UDP queries will use a randomised source address taken from the
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netblock to counter spoofing. Requires the IPv6 netblock to be routed to the
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host running Unbound, and requires OS support for unprivileged non-local binds
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(currently only supported on Linux). Several netblocks may be specified with
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multiple
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.B outgoing\-interface:
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options, but do not specify both an individual IPv6 address and an IPv6
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netblock, or the randomisation will be compromised. Consider combining with
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.B prefer\-ip6: yes
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to increase the likelihood of IPv6 nameservers being selected for queries.
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On Linux you need these two commands to be able to use the freebind socket
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option to receive traffic for the ip6 netblock:
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ip \-6 addr add mynetblock/64 dev lo &&
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ip \-6 route add local mynetblock/64 dev lo
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.TP
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.B outgoing\-range: \fI<number>
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Number of ports to open. This number of file descriptors can be opened per
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thread. Must be at least 1. Default depends on compile options. Larger
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numbers need extra resources from the operating system. For performance a
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very large value is best, use libevent to make this possible.
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.TP
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.B outgoing\-port\-permit: \fI<port number or range>
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Permit Unbound to open this port or range of ports for use to send queries.
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A larger number of permitted outgoing ports increases resilience against
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spoofing attempts. Make sure these ports are not needed by other daemons.
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By default only ports above 1024 that have not been assigned by IANA are used.
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Give a port number or a range of the form "low\-high", without spaces.
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.IP
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The \fBoutgoing\-port\-permit\fR and \fBoutgoing\-port\-avoid\fR statements
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are processed in the line order of the config file, adding the permitted ports
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and subtracting the avoided ports from the set of allowed ports. The
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processing starts with the non IANA allocated ports above 1024 in the set
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of allowed ports.
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.TP
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.B outgoing\-port\-avoid: \fI<port number or range>
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Do not permit Unbound to open this port or range of ports for use to send
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queries. Use this to make sure Unbound does not grab a port that another
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daemon needs. The port is avoided on all outgoing interfaces, both IP4 and IP6.
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By default only ports above 1024 that have not been assigned by IANA are used.
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Give a port number or a range of the form "low\-high", without spaces.
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.TP
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.B outgoing\-num\-tcp: \fI<number>
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Number of outgoing TCP buffers to allocate per thread. Default is 10. If
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set to 0, or if do\-tcp is "no", no TCP queries to authoritative servers
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are done. For larger installations increasing this value is a good idea.
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.TP
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.B incoming\-num\-tcp: \fI<number>
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Number of incoming TCP buffers to allocate per thread. Default is
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10. If set to 0, or if do\-tcp is "no", no TCP queries from clients are
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accepted. For larger installations increasing this value is a good idea.
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.TP
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.B edns\-buffer\-size: \fI<number>
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Number of bytes size to advertise as the EDNS reassembly buffer size.
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This is the value put into datagrams over UDP towards peers. The actual
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buffer size is determined by msg\-buffer\-size (both for TCP and UDP). Do
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not set higher than that value. Default is 1232 which is the DNS Flag Day 2020
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recommendation. Setting to 512 bypasses even the most stringent path MTU
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problems, but is seen as extreme, since the amount of TCP fallback generated is
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excessive (probably also for this resolver, consider tuning the outgoing tcp
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number).
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.TP
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.B max\-udp\-size: \fI<number>
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Maximum UDP response size (not applied to TCP response). 65536 disables the
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udp response size maximum, and uses the choice from the client, always.
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Suggested values are 512 to 4096. Default is 1232. The default value is the
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same as the default for edns\-buffer\-size.
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.TP
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.B stream\-wait\-size: \fI<number>
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Number of bytes size maximum to use for waiting stream buffers. Default is
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4 megabytes. A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes,
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megabytes or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte). As TCP and TLS streams
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queue up multiple results, the amount of memory used for these buffers does
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not exceed this number, otherwise the responses are dropped. This manages
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the total memory usage of the server (under heavy use), the number of requests
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that can be queued up per connection is also limited, with further requests
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waiting in TCP buffers.
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.TP
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.B msg\-buffer\-size: \fI<number>
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Number of bytes size of the message buffers. Default is 65552 bytes, enough
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for 64 Kb packets, the maximum DNS message size. No message larger than this
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can be sent or received. Can be reduced to use less memory, but some requests
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for DNS data, such as for huge resource records, will result in a SERVFAIL
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reply to the client.
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.TP
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.B msg\-cache\-size: \fI<number>
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Number of bytes size of the message cache. Default is 4 megabytes.
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A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes, megabytes
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or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
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.TP
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.B msg\-cache\-slabs: \fI<number>
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Number of slabs in the message cache. Slabs reduce lock contention by threads.
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Must be set to a power of 2. Setting (close) to the number of cpus is a
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reasonable guess.
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.TP
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.B num\-queries\-per\-thread: \fI<number>
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The number of queries that every thread will service simultaneously.
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If more queries arrive that need servicing, and no queries can be jostled out
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(see \fIjostle\-timeout\fR), then the queries are dropped. This forces
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the client to resend after a timeout; allowing the server time to work on
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the existing queries. Default depends on compile options, 512 or 1024.
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.TP
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.B jostle\-timeout: \fI<msec>
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Timeout used when the server is very busy. Set to a value that usually
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results in one roundtrip to the authority servers. If too many queries
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arrive, then 50% of the queries are allowed to run to completion, and
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the other 50% are replaced with the new incoming query if they have already
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spent more than their allowed time. This protects against denial of
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service by slow queries or high query rates. Default 200 milliseconds.
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The effect is that the qps for long-lasting queries is about
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(numqueriesperthread / 2) / (average time for such long queries) qps.
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The qps for short queries can be about (numqueriesperthread / 2)
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/ (jostletimeout in whole seconds) qps per thread, about (1024/2)*5 = 2560
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qps by default.
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.TP
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.B delay\-close: \fI<msec>
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Extra delay for timeouted UDP ports before they are closed, in msec.
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Default is 0, and that disables it. This prevents very delayed answer
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packets from the upstream (recursive) servers from bouncing against
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closed ports and setting off all sort of close-port counters, with
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eg. 1500 msec. When timeouts happen you need extra sockets, it checks
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the ID and remote IP of packets, and unwanted packets are added to the
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unwanted packet counter.
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.TP
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.B udp\-connect: \fI<yes or no>
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Perform connect for UDP sockets that mitigates ICMP side channel leakage.
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Default is yes.
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.TP
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.B unknown\-server\-time\-limit: \fI<msec>
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The wait time in msec for waiting for an unknown server to reply.
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Increase this if you are behind a slow satellite link, to eg. 1128.
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That would then avoid re\-querying every initial query because it times out.
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Default is 376 msec.
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.TP
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.B so\-rcvbuf: \fI<number>
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If not 0, then set the SO_RCVBUF socket option to get more buffer
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space on UDP port 53 incoming queries. So that short spikes on busy
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servers do not drop packets (see counter in netstat \-su). Default is
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0 (use system value). Otherwise, the number of bytes to ask for, try
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"4m" on a busy server. The OS caps it at a maximum, on linux Unbound
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needs root permission to bypass the limit, or the admin can use sysctl
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net.core.rmem_max. On BSD change kern.ipc.maxsockbuf in /etc/sysctl.conf.
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On OpenBSD change header and recompile kernel. On Solaris ndd \-set
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/dev/udp udp_max_buf 8388608.
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.TP
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.B so\-sndbuf: \fI<number>
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If not 0, then set the SO_SNDBUF socket option to get more buffer space on
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UDP port 53 outgoing queries. This for very busy servers handles spikes
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in answer traffic, otherwise 'send: resource temporarily unavailable'
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can get logged, the buffer overrun is also visible by netstat \-su.
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Default is 0 (use system value). Specify the number of bytes to ask
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for, try "4m" on a very busy server. The OS caps it at a maximum, on
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linux Unbound needs root permission to bypass the limit, or the admin
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can use sysctl net.core.wmem_max. On BSD, Solaris changes are similar
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to so\-rcvbuf.
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.TP
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.B so\-reuseport: \fI<yes or no>
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If yes, then open dedicated listening sockets for incoming queries for each
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thread and try to set the SO_REUSEPORT socket option on each socket. May
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distribute incoming queries to threads more evenly. Default is yes.
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On Linux it is supported in kernels >= 3.9. On other systems, FreeBSD, OSX
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it may also work. You can enable it (on any platform and kernel),
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it then attempts to open the port and passes the option if it was available
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at compile time, if that works it is used, if it fails, it continues
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silently (unless verbosity 3) without the option.
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At extreme load it could be better to turn it off to distribute the queries
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evenly, reported for Linux systems (4.4.x).
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.TP
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.B ip\-transparent: \fI<yes or no>
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If yes, then use IP_TRANSPARENT socket option on sockets where Unbound
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is listening for incoming traffic. Default no. Allows you to bind to
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non\-local interfaces. For example for non\-existent IP addresses that
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are going to exist later on, with host failover configuration. This is
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a lot like interface\-automatic, but that one services all interfaces
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and with this option you can select which (future) interfaces Unbound
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provides service on. This option needs Unbound to be started with root
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permissions on some systems. The option uses IP_BINDANY on FreeBSD systems
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and SO_BINDANY on OpenBSD systems.
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.TP
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.B ip\-freebind: \fI<yes or no>
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If yes, then use IP_FREEBIND socket option on sockets where Unbound
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is listening to incoming traffic. Default no. Allows you to bind to
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IP addresses that are nonlocal or do not exist, like when the network
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interface or IP address is down. Exists only on Linux, where the similar
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ip\-transparent option is also available.
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.TP
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.B ip-dscp: \fI<number>
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The value of the Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP) in the
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differentiated services field (DS) of the outgoing IP packet headers.
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The field replaces the outdated IPv4 Type-Of-Service field and the
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IPv6 traffic class field.
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.TP
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.B rrset\-cache\-size: \fI<number>
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Number of bytes size of the RRset cache. Default is 4 megabytes.
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A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes, megabytes
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or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
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.TP
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.B rrset\-cache\-slabs: \fI<number>
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Number of slabs in the RRset cache. Slabs reduce lock contention by threads.
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Must be set to a power of 2.
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.TP
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.B cache\-max\-ttl: \fI<seconds>
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Time to live maximum for RRsets and messages in the cache. Default is
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86400 seconds (1 day). When the TTL expires, the cache item has expired.
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Can be set lower to force the resolver to query for data often, and not
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trust (very large) TTL values. Downstream clients also see the lower TTL.
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.TP
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.B cache\-min\-ttl: \fI<seconds>
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Time to live minimum for RRsets and messages in the cache. Default is 0.
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If the minimum kicks in, the data is cached for longer than the domain
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owner intended, and thus less queries are made to look up the data.
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Zero makes sure the data in the cache is as the domain owner intended,
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higher values, especially more than an hour or so, can lead to trouble as
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the data in the cache does not match up with the actual data any more.
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.TP
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.B cache\-max\-negative\-ttl: \fI<seconds>
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Time to live maximum for negative responses, these have a SOA in the
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authority section that is limited in time. Default is 3600.
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This applies to nxdomain and nodata answers.
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.TP
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.B infra\-host\-ttl: \fI<seconds>
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Time to live for entries in the host cache. The host cache contains
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roundtrip timing, lameness and EDNS support information. Default is 900.
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.TP
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.B infra\-cache\-slabs: \fI<number>
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Number of slabs in the infrastructure cache. Slabs reduce lock contention
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by threads. Must be set to a power of 2.
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.TP
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.B infra\-cache\-numhosts: \fI<number>
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Number of hosts for which information is cached. Default is 10000.
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.TP
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.B infra\-cache\-min\-rtt: \fI<msec>
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Lower limit for dynamic retransmit timeout calculation in infrastructure
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cache. Default is 50 milliseconds. Increase this value if using forwarders
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needing more time to do recursive name resolution.
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.TP
|
|
.B infra\-cache\-max\-rtt: \fI<msec>
|
|
Upper limit for dynamic retransmit timeout calculation in infrastructure
|
|
cache. Default is 2 minutes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B infra\-keep\-probing: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled the server keeps probing hosts that are down, in the one probe
|
|
at a time regime. Default is no. Hosts that are down, eg. they did
|
|
not respond during the one probe at a time period, are marked as down and
|
|
it may take \fBinfra\-host\-ttl\fR time to get probed again.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B define\-tag: \fI<"list of tags">
|
|
Define the tags that can be used with local\-zone and access\-control.
|
|
Enclose the list between quotes ("") and put spaces between tags.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-ip4: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable whether ip4 queries are answered or issued. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-ip6: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable whether ip6 queries are answered or issued. Default is yes.
|
|
If disabled, queries are not answered on IPv6, and queries are not sent on
|
|
IPv6 to the internet nameservers. With this option you can disable the
|
|
IPv6 transport for sending DNS traffic, it does not impact the contents of
|
|
the DNS traffic, which may have ip4 and ip6 addresses in it.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B prefer\-ip4: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, prefer IPv4 transport for sending DNS queries to internet
|
|
nameservers. Default is no. Useful if the IPv6 netblock the server has,
|
|
the entire /64 of that is not owned by one operator and the reputation of
|
|
the netblock /64 is an issue, using IPv4 then uses the IPv4 filters that
|
|
the upstream servers have.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B prefer\-ip6: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, prefer IPv6 transport for sending DNS queries to internet
|
|
nameservers. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-udp: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable whether UDP queries are answered or issued. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-tcp: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable whether TCP queries are answered or issued. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp\-mss: \fI<number>
|
|
Maximum segment size (MSS) of TCP socket on which the server responds
|
|
to queries. Value lower than common MSS on Ethernet
|
|
(1220 for example) will address path MTU problem.
|
|
Note that not all platform supports socket option to set MSS (TCP_MAXSEG).
|
|
Default is system default MSS determined by interface MTU and
|
|
negotiation between server and client.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B outgoing\-tcp\-mss: \fI<number>
|
|
Maximum segment size (MSS) of TCP socket for outgoing queries
|
|
(from Unbound to other servers). Value lower than
|
|
common MSS on Ethernet (1220 for example) will address path MTU problem.
|
|
Note that not all platform supports socket option to set MSS (TCP_MAXSEG).
|
|
Default is system default MSS determined by interface MTU and
|
|
negotiation between Unbound and other servers.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp-idle-timeout: \fI<msec>\fR
|
|
The period Unbound will wait for a query on a TCP connection.
|
|
If this timeout expires Unbound closes the connection.
|
|
This option defaults to 30000 milliseconds.
|
|
When the number of free incoming TCP buffers falls below 50% of the
|
|
total number configured, the option value used is progressively
|
|
reduced, first to 1% of the configured value, then to 0.2% of the
|
|
configured value if the number of free buffers falls below 35% of the
|
|
total number configured, and finally to 0 if the number of free buffers
|
|
falls below 20% of the total number configured. A minimum timeout of
|
|
200 milliseconds is observed regardless of the option value used.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp-reuse-timeout: \fI<msec>\fR
|
|
The period Unbound will keep TCP persistent connections open to
|
|
authority servers. This option defaults to 60000 milliseconds.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B max-reuse-tcp-queries: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
The maximum number of queries that can be sent on a persistent TCP
|
|
connection.
|
|
This option defaults to 200 queries.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp-auth-query-timeout: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Timeout in milliseconds for TCP queries to auth servers.
|
|
This option defaults to 3000 milliseconds.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B edns-tcp-keepalive: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Enable or disable EDNS TCP Keepalive. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B edns-tcp-keepalive-timeout: \fI<msec>\fR
|
|
The period Unbound will wait for a query on a TCP connection when
|
|
EDNS TCP Keepalive is active. If this timeout expires Unbound closes
|
|
the connection. If the client supports the EDNS TCP Keepalive option,
|
|
Unbound sends the timeout value to the client to encourage it to
|
|
close the connection before the server times out.
|
|
This option defaults to 120000 milliseconds.
|
|
When the number of free incoming TCP buffers falls below 50% of
|
|
the total number configured, the advertised timeout is progressively
|
|
reduced to 1% of the configured value, then to 0.2% of the configured
|
|
value if the number of free buffers falls below 35% of the total number
|
|
configured, and finally to 0 if the number of free buffers falls below
|
|
20% of the total number configured.
|
|
A minimum actual timeout of 200 milliseconds is observed regardless of the
|
|
advertised timeout.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B sock\-queue\-timeout: \fI<sec>\fR
|
|
UDP queries that have waited in the socket buffer for a long time can be
|
|
dropped. Default is 0, disabled. The time is set in seconds, 3 could be a
|
|
good value to ignore old queries that likely the client does not need a reply
|
|
for any more. This could happen if the host has not been able to service
|
|
the queries for a while, i.e. Unbound is not running, and then is enabled
|
|
again. It uses timestamp socket options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable whether the upstream queries use TCP only for transport.
|
|
Default is no. Useful in tunneling scenarios. If set to no you can specify
|
|
TCP transport only for selected forward or stub zones using forward-tcp-upstream
|
|
or stub-tcp-upstream respectively.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B udp\-upstream\-without\-downstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable udp upstream even if do-udp is no. Default is no, and this does not
|
|
change anything. Useful for TLS service providers, that want no udp downstream
|
|
but use udp to fetch data upstream.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enabled or disable whether the upstream queries use TLS only for transport.
|
|
Default is no. Useful in tunneling scenarios. The TLS contains plain DNS in
|
|
TCP wireformat. The other server must support this (see
|
|
\fBtls\-service\-key\fR).
|
|
If you enable this, also configure a tls\-cert\-bundle or use tls\-win\-cert or
|
|
tls\-system\-cert to load CA certs, otherwise the connections cannot be
|
|
authenticated. This option enables TLS for all of them, but if you do not set
|
|
this you can configure TLS specifically for some forward zones with
|
|
forward\-tls\-upstream. And also with stub\-tls\-upstream.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ssl\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBtls\-upstream\fR. If both are present in the config
|
|
file the last is used.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-service\-key: \fI<file>
|
|
If enabled, the server provides DNS-over-TLS or DNS-over-HTTPS service on the
|
|
TCP ports marked implicitly or explicitly for these services with tls\-port or
|
|
https\-port. The file must contain the private key for the TLS session, the
|
|
public certificate is in the tls\-service\-pem file and it must also be
|
|
specified if tls\-service\-key is specified. The default is "", turned off.
|
|
Enabling or disabling this service requires a restart (a reload is not enough),
|
|
because the key is read while root permissions are held and before chroot (if any).
|
|
The ports enabled implicitly or explicitly via \fBtls\-port:\fR and
|
|
\fBhttps\-port:\fR do not provide normal DNS TCP service. Unbound needs to be
|
|
compiled with libnghttp2 in order to provide DNS-over-HTTPS.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ssl\-service\-key: \fI<file>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBtls\-service\-key\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-service\-pem: \fI<file>
|
|
The public key certificate pem file for the tls service. Default is "",
|
|
turned off.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ssl\-service\-pem: \fI<file>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBtls\-service\-pem\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-port: \fI<number>
|
|
The port number on which to provide TCP TLS service, default 853, only
|
|
interfaces configured with that port number as @number get the TLS service.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ssl\-port: \fI<number>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBtls\-port\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-cert\-bundle: \fI<file>
|
|
If null or "", no file is used. Set it to the certificate bundle file,
|
|
for example "/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca\-bundle.crt". These certificates are used
|
|
for authenticating connections made to outside peers. For example auth\-zone
|
|
urls, and also DNS over TLS connections. It is read at start up before
|
|
permission drop and chroot.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ssl\-cert\-bundle: \fI<file>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBtls\-cert\-bundle\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-win\-cert: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Add the system certificates to the cert bundle certificates for authentication.
|
|
If no cert bundle, it uses only these certificates. Default is no.
|
|
On windows this option uses the certificates from the cert store. Use
|
|
the tls\-cert\-bundle option on other systems. On other systems, this option
|
|
enables the system certificates.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-system\-cert: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
This the same setting as the tls\-win\-cert setting, under a different name.
|
|
Because it is not windows specific.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-additional\-port: \fI<portnr>
|
|
List portnumbers as tls\-additional\-port, and when interfaces are defined,
|
|
eg. with the @port suffix, as this port number, they provide dns over TLS
|
|
service. Can list multiple, each on a new statement.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls-session-ticket-keys: \fI<file>
|
|
If not "", lists files with 80 bytes of random contents that are used to
|
|
perform TLS session resumption for clients using the Unbound server.
|
|
These files contain the secret key for the TLS session tickets.
|
|
First key use to encrypt and decrypt TLS session tickets.
|
|
Other keys use to decrypt only. With this you can roll over to new keys,
|
|
by generating a new first file and allowing decrypt of the old file by
|
|
listing it after the first file for some time, after the wait clients are not
|
|
using the old key any more and the old key can be removed.
|
|
One way to create the file is dd if=/dev/random bs=1 count=80 of=ticket.dat
|
|
The first 16 bytes should be different from the old one if you create a second key, that is the name used to identify the key. Then there is 32 bytes random
|
|
data for an AES key and then 32 bytes random data for the HMAC key.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-ciphers: \fI<string with cipher list>
|
|
Set the list of ciphers to allow when serving TLS. Use "" for defaults,
|
|
and that is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-ciphersuites: \fI<string with ciphersuites list>
|
|
Set the list of ciphersuites to allow when serving TLS. This is for newer
|
|
TLS 1.3 connections. Use "" for defaults, and that is the default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B pad\-responses: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, TLS serviced queries that contained an EDNS Padding option will
|
|
cause responses padded to the closest multiple of the size specified in
|
|
\fBpad\-responses\-block\-size\fR.
|
|
Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B pad\-responses\-block\-size: \fI<number>
|
|
The block size with which to pad responses serviced over TLS. Only responses
|
|
to padded queries will be padded.
|
|
Default is 468.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B pad\-queries: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, all queries sent over TLS upstreams will be padded to the closest
|
|
multiple of the size specified in \fBpad\-queries\-block\-size\fR.
|
|
Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B pad\-queries\-block\-size: \fI<number>
|
|
The block size with which to pad queries sent over TLS upstreams.
|
|
Default is 128.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tls\-use\-sni: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable sending the SNI extension on TLS connections.
|
|
Default is yes.
|
|
Changing the value requires a reload.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B https\-port: \fI<number>
|
|
The port number on which to provide DNS-over-HTTPS service, default 443, only
|
|
interfaces configured with that port number as @number get the HTTPS service.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-endpoint: \fI<endpoint string>
|
|
The HTTP endpoint to provide DNS-over-HTTPS service on. Default "/dns-query".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-max\-streams: \fI<number of streams>
|
|
Number used in the SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS parameter in the HTTP/2
|
|
SETTINGS frame for DNS-over-HTTPS connections. Default 100.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-query\-buffer\-size: \fI<size in bytes>
|
|
Maximum number of bytes used for all HTTP/2 query buffers combined. These
|
|
buffers contain (partial) DNS queries waiting for request stream completion.
|
|
An RST_STREAM frame will be send to streams exceeding this limit. Default is 4
|
|
megabytes. A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes,
|
|
megabytes or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-response\-buffer\-size: \fI<size in bytes>
|
|
Maximum number of bytes used for all HTTP/2 response buffers combined. These
|
|
buffers contain DNS responses waiting to be written back to the clients.
|
|
An RST_STREAM frame will be send to streams exceeding this limit. Default is 4
|
|
megabytes. A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes,
|
|
megabytes or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-nodelay: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Set TCP_NODELAY socket option on sockets used to provide DNS-over-HTTPS service.
|
|
Ignored if the option is not available. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-notls\-downstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Disable use of TLS for the downstream DNS-over-HTTP connections. Useful for
|
|
local back end servers. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B proxy\-protocol\-port: \fI<portnr>
|
|
List port numbers as proxy\-protocol\-port, and when interfaces are defined,
|
|
eg. with the @port suffix, as this port number, they support and expect PROXYv2.
|
|
In this case the proxy address will only be used for the network communication
|
|
and initial ACL (check if the proxy itself is denied/refused by configuration).
|
|
The proxied address (if any) will then be used as the true client address and
|
|
will be used where applicable for logging, ACL, DNSTAP, RPZ and IP ratelimiting.
|
|
PROXYv2 is supported for UDP and TCP/TLS listening interfaces.
|
|
There is no support for PROXYv2 on a DoH or DNSCrypt listening interface.
|
|
Can list multiple, each on a new statement.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B use\-systemd: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable systemd socket activation.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-daemonize: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable or disable whether the Unbound server forks into the background as
|
|
a daemon. Set the value to \fIno\fR when Unbound runs as systemd service.
|
|
Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp\-connection\-limit: \fI<IP netblock> <limit>
|
|
Allow up to \fIlimit\fR simultaneous TCP connections from the given netblock.
|
|
When at the limit, further connections are accepted but closed immediately.
|
|
This option is experimental at this time.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B access\-control: \fI<IP netblock> <action>
|
|
The netblock is given as an IP4 or IP6 address with /size appended for a
|
|
classless network block. The action can be \fIdeny\fR, \fIrefuse\fR,
|
|
\fIallow\fR, \fIallow_setrd\fR, \fIallow_snoop\fR, \fIallow_cookie\fR,
|
|
\fIdeny_non_local\fR or \fIrefuse_non_local\fR.
|
|
The most specific netblock match is used, if none match \fIrefuse\fR is used.
|
|
The order of the access\-control statements therefore does not matter.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIdeny\fR action stops queries from hosts from that netblock.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIrefuse\fR action stops queries too, but sends a DNS rcode REFUSED
|
|
error message back.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIallow\fR action gives access to clients from that netblock.
|
|
It gives only access for recursion clients (which is
|
|
what almost all clients need). Nonrecursive queries are refused.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIallow\fR action does allow nonrecursive queries to access the
|
|
local\-data that is configured. The reason is that this does not involve
|
|
the Unbound server recursive lookup algorithm, and static data is served
|
|
in the reply. This supports normal operations where nonrecursive queries
|
|
are made for the authoritative data. For nonrecursive queries any replies
|
|
from the dynamic cache are refused.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIallow_setrd\fR action ignores the recursion desired (RD) bit and
|
|
treats all requests as if the recursion desired bit is set. Note that this
|
|
behavior violates RFC 1034 which states that a name server should never perform
|
|
recursive service unless asked via the RD bit since this interferes with
|
|
trouble shooting of name servers and their databases. This prohibited behavior
|
|
may be useful if another DNS server must forward requests for specific
|
|
zones to a resolver DNS server, but only supports stub domains and
|
|
sends queries to the resolver DNS server with the RD bit cleared.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIallow_snoop\fR action gives nonrecursive access too. This give
|
|
both recursive and non recursive access. The name \fIallow_snoop\fR refers
|
|
to cache snooping, a technique to use nonrecursive queries to examine
|
|
the cache contents (for malicious acts). However, nonrecursive queries can
|
|
also be a valuable debugging tool (when you want to examine the cache
|
|
contents). In that case use \fIallow_snoop\fR for your administration host.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The \fIallow_cookie\fR action allows access to UDP queries that contain a
|
|
valid DNS Cookie as specified in RFC 7873 and RFC 9018, when the
|
|
\fBanswer\-cookie\fR option is enabled.
|
|
UDP queries containing only a DNS Client Cookie and no Server Cookie, or an
|
|
invalid DNS Cookie, will receive a BADCOOKIE response including a newly
|
|
generated DNS Cookie, allowing clients to retry with that DNS Cookie.
|
|
The \fIallow_cookie\fR action will also accept requests over stateful
|
|
transports, regardless of the presence of an DNS Cookie and regardless of the
|
|
\fBanswer\-cookie\fR setting.
|
|
If \fBip\-ratelimit\fR is used, clients with a valid DNS Cookie will bypass the
|
|
ratelimit.
|
|
If a ratelimit for such clients is still needed, \fBip\-ratelimit\-cookie\fR
|
|
can be used instead.
|
|
.IP
|
|
By default only localhost is \fIallow\fRed, the rest is \fIrefuse\fRd.
|
|
The default is \fIrefuse\fRd, because that is protocol\-friendly. The DNS
|
|
protocol is not designed to handle dropped packets due to policy, and
|
|
dropping may result in (possibly excessive) retried queries.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The deny_non_local and refuse_non_local settings are for hosts that are
|
|
only allowed to query for the authoritative local\-data, they are not
|
|
allowed full recursion but only the static data. With deny_non_local,
|
|
messages that are disallowed are dropped, with refuse_non_local they
|
|
receive error code REFUSED.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B access\-control\-tag: \fI<IP netblock> <"list of tags">
|
|
Assign tags to access-control elements. Clients using this access control
|
|
element use localzones that are tagged with one of these tags. Tags must be
|
|
defined in \fIdefine\-tags\fR. Enclose list of tags in quotes ("") and put
|
|
spaces between tags. If access\-control\-tag is configured for a netblock that
|
|
does not have an access\-control, an access\-control element with action
|
|
\fIallow\fR is configured for this netblock.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B access\-control\-tag\-action: \fI<IP netblock> <tag> <action>
|
|
Set action for particular tag for given access control element. If you have
|
|
multiple tag values, the tag used to lookup the action is the first tag match
|
|
between access\-control\-tag and local\-zone\-tag where "first" comes from the
|
|
order of the define-tag values.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B access\-control\-tag\-data: \fI<IP netblock> <tag> <"resource record string">
|
|
Set redirect data for particular tag for given access control element.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B access\-control\-view: \fI<IP netblock> <view name>
|
|
Set view for given access control element.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B interface\-action: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]> <action>
|
|
Similar to \fBaccess\-control:\fR but for interfaces.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The action is the same as the ones defined under \fBaccess\-control:\fR.
|
|
Interfaces are \fIrefuse\fRd by default.
|
|
By default only localhost (the IP netblock, not the loopback interface) is
|
|
\fIallow\fRed through the default \fBaccess\-control:\fR behavior.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Note that the interface needs to be already specified with \fBinterface:\fR
|
|
and that any \fBaccess-control*:\fR setting overrides all \fBinterface-*:\fR
|
|
settings for targeted clients.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B interface\-tag: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]> <"list of tags">
|
|
Similar to \fBaccess\-control-tag:\fR but for interfaces.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Note that the interface needs to be already specified with \fBinterface:\fR
|
|
and that any \fBaccess-control*:\fR setting overrides all \fBinterface-*:\fR
|
|
settings for targeted clients.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B interface\-tag\-action: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]> <tag> <action>
|
|
Similar to \fBaccess\-control-tag-action:\fR but for interfaces.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Note that the interface needs to be already specified with \fBinterface:\fR
|
|
and that any \fBaccess-control*:\fR setting overrides all \fBinterface-*:\fR
|
|
settings for targeted clients.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B interface\-tag\-data: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]> <tag> <"resource record string">
|
|
Similar to \fBaccess\-control-tag-data:\fR but for interfaces.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Note that the interface needs to be already specified with \fBinterface:\fR
|
|
and that any \fBaccess-control*:\fR setting overrides all \fBinterface-*:\fR
|
|
settings for targeted clients.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B interface\-view: \fI<ip address or interface name [@port]> <view name>
|
|
Similar to \fBaccess\-control-view:\fR but for interfaces.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Note that the interface needs to be already specified with \fBinterface:\fR
|
|
and that any \fBaccess-control*:\fR setting overrides all \fBinterface-*:\fR
|
|
settings for targeted clients.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B chroot: \fI<directory>
|
|
If chroot is enabled, you should pass the configfile (from the
|
|
commandline) as a full path from the original root. After the
|
|
chroot has been performed the now defunct portion of the config
|
|
file path is removed to be able to reread the config after a reload.
|
|
.IP
|
|
All other file paths (working dir, logfile, roothints, and
|
|
key files) can be specified in several ways:
|
|
as an absolute path relative to the new root,
|
|
as a relative path to the working directory, or
|
|
as an absolute path relative to the original root.
|
|
In the last case the path is adjusted to remove the unused portion.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The pidfile can be either a relative path to the working directory, or
|
|
an absolute path relative to the original root. It is written just prior
|
|
to chroot and dropping permissions. This allows the pidfile to be
|
|
/var/run/unbound.pid and the chroot to be /var/unbound, for example. Note that
|
|
Unbound is not able to remove the pidfile after termination when it is located
|
|
outside of the chroot directory.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Additionally, Unbound may need to access /dev/urandom (for entropy)
|
|
from inside the chroot.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If given a chroot is done to the given directory. By default chroot is
|
|
enabled and the default is "@UNBOUND_CHROOT_DIR@". If you give "" no
|
|
chroot is performed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B username: \fI<name>
|
|
If given, after binding the port the user privileges are dropped. Default is
|
|
"@UNBOUND_USERNAME@". If you give username: "" no user change is performed.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If this user is not capable of binding the
|
|
port, reloads (by signal HUP) will still retain the opened ports.
|
|
If you change the port number in the config file, and that new port number
|
|
requires privileges, then a reload will fail; a restart is needed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B directory: \fI<directory>
|
|
Sets the working directory for the program. Default is "@UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@".
|
|
On Windows the string "%EXECUTABLE%" tries to change to the directory
|
|
that unbound.exe resides in.
|
|
If you give a server: directory: dir before include: file statements
|
|
then those includes can be relative to the working directory.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B logfile: \fI<filename>
|
|
If "" is given, logging goes to stderr, or nowhere once daemonized.
|
|
The logfile is appended to, in the following format:
|
|
.nf
|
|
[seconds since 1970] unbound[pid:tid]: type: message.
|
|
.fi
|
|
If this option is given, the use\-syslog is option is set to "no".
|
|
The logfile is reopened (for append) when the config file is reread, on
|
|
SIGHUP.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B use\-syslog: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Sets Unbound to send log messages to the syslogd, using
|
|
\fIsyslog\fR(3).
|
|
The log facility LOG_DAEMON is used, with identity "unbound".
|
|
The logfile setting is overridden when use\-syslog is turned on.
|
|
The default is to log to syslog.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-identity: \fI<string>
|
|
If "" is given (default), then the name of the executable, usually "unbound"
|
|
is used to report to the log. Enter a string to override it
|
|
with that, which is useful on systems that run more than one instance of
|
|
Unbound, with different configurations, so that the logs can be easily
|
|
distinguished against.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-time\-ascii: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Sets logfile lines to use a timestamp in UTC ascii. Default is no, which
|
|
prints the seconds since 1970 in brackets. No effect if using syslog, in
|
|
that case syslog formats the timestamp printed into the log files.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-queries: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Prints one line per query to the log, with the log timestamp and IP address,
|
|
name, type and class. Default is no. Note that it takes time to print these
|
|
lines which makes the server (significantly) slower. Odd (nonprintable)
|
|
characters in names are printed as '?'.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-replies: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Prints one line per reply to the log, with the log timestamp and IP address,
|
|
name, type, class, return code, time to resolve, from cache and response size.
|
|
Default is no. Note that it takes time to print these
|
|
lines which makes the server (significantly) slower. Odd (nonprintable)
|
|
characters in names are printed as '?'.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-tag\-queryreply: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Prints the word 'query' and 'reply' with log\-queries and log\-replies.
|
|
This makes filtering logs easier. The default is off (for backwards
|
|
compatibility).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-local\-actions: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Print log lines to inform about local zone actions. These lines are like the
|
|
local\-zone type inform prints out, but they are also printed for the other
|
|
types of local zones.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B log\-servfail: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Print log lines that say why queries return SERVFAIL to clients.
|
|
This is separate from the verbosity debug logs, much smaller, and printed
|
|
at the error level, not the info level of debug info from verbosity.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B pidfile: \fI<filename>
|
|
The process id is written to the file. Default is "@UNBOUND_PIDFILE@".
|
|
So,
|
|
.nf
|
|
kill \-HUP `cat @UNBOUND_PIDFILE@`
|
|
.fi
|
|
triggers a reload,
|
|
.nf
|
|
kill \-TERM `cat @UNBOUND_PIDFILE@`
|
|
.fi
|
|
gracefully terminates.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B root\-hints: \fI<filename>
|
|
Read the root hints from this file. Default is nothing, using builtin hints
|
|
for the IN class. The file has the format of zone files, with root
|
|
nameserver names and addresses only. The default may become outdated,
|
|
when servers change, therefore it is good practice to use a root\-hints file.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B hide\-identity: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled id.server and hostname.bind queries are refused.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B identity: \fI<string>
|
|
Set the identity to report. If set to "", the default, then the hostname
|
|
of the server is returned.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B hide\-version: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled version.server and version.bind queries are refused.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B version: \fI<string>
|
|
Set the version to report. If set to "", the default, then the package
|
|
version is returned.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B hide\-http\-user\-agent: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled the HTTP header User-Agent is not set. Use with caution as some
|
|
webserver configurations may reject HTTP requests lacking this header.
|
|
If needed, it is better to explicitly set the
|
|
.B http\-user\-agent
|
|
below.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B http\-user\-agent: \fI<string>
|
|
Set the HTTP User-Agent header for outgoing HTTP requests. If set to "",
|
|
the default, then the package name and version are used.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nsid:\fR <string>
|
|
Add the specified nsid to the EDNS section of the answer when queried
|
|
with an NSID EDNS enabled packet. As a sequence of hex characters or
|
|
with ascii_ prefix and then an ascii string.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B hide\-trustanchor: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled trustanchor.unbound queries are refused.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B target\-fetch\-policy: \fI<"list of numbers">
|
|
Set the target fetch policy used by Unbound to determine if it should fetch
|
|
nameserver target addresses opportunistically. The policy is described per
|
|
dependency depth.
|
|
.IP
|
|
The number of values determines the maximum dependency depth
|
|
that Unbound will pursue in answering a query.
|
|
A value of \-1 means to fetch all targets opportunistically for that dependency
|
|
depth. A value of 0 means to fetch on demand only. A positive value fetches
|
|
that many targets opportunistically.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Enclose the list between quotes ("") and put spaces between numbers.
|
|
The default is "3 2 1 0 0". Setting all zeroes, "0 0 0 0 0" gives behaviour
|
|
closer to that of BIND 9, while setting "\-1 \-1 \-1 \-1 \-1" gives behaviour
|
|
rumoured to be closer to that of BIND 8.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-short\-bufsize: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Very small EDNS buffer sizes from queries are ignored. Default is on, as
|
|
described in the standard.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-large\-queries: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Very large queries are ignored. Default is off, since it is legal protocol
|
|
wise to send these, and could be necessary for operation if TSIG or EDNS
|
|
payload is very large.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-glue: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Will trust glue only if it is within the servers authority. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-dnssec\-stripped: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Require DNSSEC data for trust\-anchored zones, if such data is absent,
|
|
the zone becomes bogus. If turned off, and no DNSSEC data is received
|
|
(or the DNSKEY data fails to validate), then the zone is made insecure,
|
|
this behaves like there is no trust anchor. You could turn this off if
|
|
you are sometimes behind an intrusive firewall (of some sort) that
|
|
removes DNSSEC data from packets, or a zone changes from signed to
|
|
unsigned to badly signed often. If turned off you run the risk of a
|
|
downgrade attack that disables security for a zone. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-below\-nxdomain: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
From RFC 8020 (with title "NXDOMAIN: There Really Is Nothing Underneath"),
|
|
returns nxdomain to queries for a name
|
|
below another name that is already known to be nxdomain. DNSSEC mandates
|
|
noerror for empty nonterminals, hence this is possible. Very old software
|
|
might return nxdomain for empty nonterminals (that usually happen for reverse
|
|
IP address lookups), and thus may be incompatible with this. To try to avoid
|
|
this only DNSSEC-secure nxdomains are used, because the old software does not
|
|
have DNSSEC. Default is yes.
|
|
The nxdomain must be secure, this means nsec3 with optout is insufficient.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-referral\-path: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Harden the referral path by performing additional queries for
|
|
infrastructure data. Validates the replies if trust anchors are configured
|
|
and the zones are signed. This enforces DNSSEC validation on nameserver
|
|
NS sets and the nameserver addresses that are encountered on the referral
|
|
path to the answer.
|
|
Default no, because it burdens the authority servers, and it is
|
|
not RFC standard, and could lead to performance problems because of the
|
|
extra query load that is generated. Experimental option.
|
|
If you enable it consider adding more numbers after the target\-fetch\-policy
|
|
to increase the max depth that is checked to.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-algo\-downgrade: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Harden against algorithm downgrade when multiple algorithms are
|
|
advertised in the DS record. If no, allows the weakest algorithm to
|
|
validate the zone. Default is no. Zone signers must produce zones
|
|
that allow this feature to work, but sometimes they do not, and turning
|
|
this option off avoids that validation failure.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B harden\-unknown\-additional: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Harden against unknown records in the authority section and additional
|
|
section. Default is no. If no, such records are copied from the upstream
|
|
and presented to the client together with the answer. If yes, it could
|
|
hamper future protocol developments that want to add records.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B use\-caps\-for\-id: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Use 0x20\-encoded random bits in the query to foil spoof attempts.
|
|
This perturbs the lowercase and uppercase of query names sent to
|
|
authority servers and checks if the reply still has the correct casing.
|
|
Disabled by default.
|
|
This feature is an experimental implementation of draft dns\-0x20.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B caps\-exempt: \fI<domain>
|
|
Exempt the domain so that it does not receive caps\-for\-id perturbed
|
|
queries. For domains that do not support 0x20 and also fail with fallback
|
|
because they keep sending different answers, like some load balancers.
|
|
Can be given multiple times, for different domains.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B caps\-whitelist: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBcaps\-exempt\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B qname\-minimisation: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Send minimum amount of information to upstream servers to enhance privacy.
|
|
Only send minimum required labels of the QNAME and set QTYPE to A when
|
|
possible. Best effort approach; full QNAME and original QTYPE will be sent when
|
|
upstream replies with a RCODE other than NOERROR, except when receiving
|
|
NXDOMAIN from a DNSSEC signed zone. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B qname\-minimisation\-strict: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
QNAME minimisation in strict mode. Do not fall-back to sending full QNAME to
|
|
potentially broken nameservers. A lot of domains will not be resolvable when
|
|
this option in enabled. Only use if you know what you are doing.
|
|
This option only has effect when qname-minimisation is enabled. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B aggressive\-nsec: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Aggressive NSEC uses the DNSSEC NSEC chain to synthesize NXDOMAIN
|
|
and other denials, using information from previous NXDOMAINs answers.
|
|
Default is yes. It helps to reduce the query rate towards targets that get
|
|
a very high nonexistent name lookup rate.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B private\-address: \fI<IP address or subnet>
|
|
Give IPv4 of IPv6 addresses or classless subnets. These are addresses
|
|
on your private network, and are not allowed to be returned for
|
|
public internet names. Any occurrence of such addresses are removed
|
|
from DNS answers. Additionally, the DNSSEC validator may mark the
|
|
answers bogus. This protects against so\-called DNS Rebinding, where
|
|
a user browser is turned into a network proxy, allowing remote access
|
|
through the browser to other parts of your private network. Some names
|
|
can be allowed to contain your private addresses, by default all the
|
|
\fBlocal\-data\fR that you configured is allowed to, and you can specify
|
|
additional names using \fBprivate\-domain\fR. No private addresses are
|
|
enabled by default. We consider to enable this for the RFC1918 private
|
|
IP address space by default in later releases. That would enable private
|
|
addresses for 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12 192.168.0.0/16 169.254.0.0/16
|
|
fd00::/8 and fe80::/10, since the RFC standards say these addresses
|
|
should not be visible on the public internet. Turning on 127.0.0.0/8
|
|
would hinder many spamblocklists as they use that. Adding ::ffff:0:0/96
|
|
stops IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses from bypassing the filter.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B private\-domain: \fI<domain name>
|
|
Allow this domain, and all its subdomains to contain private addresses.
|
|
Give multiple times to allow multiple domain names to contain private
|
|
addresses. Default is none.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B unwanted\-reply\-threshold: \fI<number>
|
|
If set, a total number of unwanted replies is kept track of in every thread.
|
|
When it reaches the threshold, a defensive action is taken and a warning
|
|
is printed to the log. The defensive action is to clear the rrset and
|
|
message caches, hopefully flushing away any poison. A value of 10 million
|
|
is suggested. Default is 0 (turned off).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-not\-query\-address: \fI<IP address>
|
|
Do not query the given IP address. Can be IP4 or IP6. Append /num to
|
|
indicate a classless delegation netblock, for example like
|
|
10.2.3.4/24 or 2001::11/64.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-not\-query\-localhost: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If yes, localhost is added to the do\-not\-query\-address entries, both
|
|
IP6 ::1 and IP4 127.0.0.1/8. If no, then localhost can be used to send
|
|
queries to. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B prefetch: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If yes, message cache elements are prefetched before they expire to
|
|
keep the cache up to date. Default is no. Turning it on gives about
|
|
10 percent more traffic and load on the machine, but popular items do
|
|
not expire from the cache.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B prefetch\-key: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If yes, fetch the DNSKEYs earlier in the validation process, when a DS
|
|
record is encountered. This lowers the latency of requests. It does use
|
|
a little more CPU. Also if the cache is set to 0, it is no use. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B deny\-any: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If yes, deny queries of type ANY with an empty response. Default is no.
|
|
If disabled, Unbound responds with a short list of resource records if some
|
|
can be found in the cache and makes the upstream type ANY query if there
|
|
are none.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rrset\-roundrobin: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If yes, Unbound rotates RRSet order in response (the random number is taken
|
|
from the query ID, for speed and thread safety). Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B minimal-responses: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If yes, Unbound does not insert authority/additional sections into response
|
|
messages when those sections are not required. This reduces response
|
|
size significantly, and may avoid TCP fallback for some responses.
|
|
This may cause a slight speedup. The default is yes, even though the DNS
|
|
protocol RFCs mandate these sections, and the additional content could
|
|
be of use and save roundtrips for clients. Because they are not used,
|
|
and the saved roundtrips are easier saved with prefetch, whilst this is
|
|
faster.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B disable-dnssec-lame-check: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If true, disables the DNSSEC lameness check in the iterator. This check
|
|
sees if RRSIGs are present in the answer, when dnssec is expected,
|
|
and retries another authority if RRSIGs are unexpectedly missing.
|
|
The validator will insist in RRSIGs for DNSSEC signed domains regardless
|
|
of this setting, if a trust anchor is loaded.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B module\-config: \fI<"module names">
|
|
Module configuration, a list of module names separated by spaces, surround
|
|
the string with quotes (""). The modules can be \fIrespip\fR,
|
|
\fIvalidator\fR, or \fIiterator\fR (and possibly more, see below).
|
|
Setting this to just "\fIiterator\fR" will result in a non\-validating
|
|
server.
|
|
Setting this to "\fIvalidator iterator\fR" will turn on DNSSEC validation.
|
|
The ordering of the modules is significant, the order decides the
|
|
order of processing.
|
|
You must also set \fItrust\-anchors\fR for validation to be useful.
|
|
Adding \fIrespip\fR to the front will cause RPZ processing to be done on
|
|
all queries.
|
|
The default is "\fIvalidator iterator\fR".
|
|
.IP
|
|
When the server is built with
|
|
EDNS client subnet support the default is "\fIsubnetcache validator
|
|
iterator\fR".
|
|
Most modules that need to be listed here have to be listed at the beginning
|
|
of the line. The subnetcachedb module has to be listed just before
|
|
the iterator.
|
|
The python module can be listed in different places, it then processes the
|
|
output of the module it is just before. The dynlib module can be listed pretty
|
|
much anywhere, it is only a very thin wrapper that allows dynamic libraries to
|
|
run in its place.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B trust\-anchor\-file: \fI<filename>
|
|
File with trusted keys for validation. Both DS and DNSKEY entries can appear
|
|
in the file. The format of the file is the standard DNS Zone file format.
|
|
Default is "", or no trust anchor file.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B auto\-trust\-anchor\-file: \fI<filename>
|
|
File with trust anchor for one zone, which is tracked with RFC5011 probes.
|
|
The probes are run several times per month, thus the machine must be online
|
|
frequently. The initial file can be one with contents as described in
|
|
\fBtrust\-anchor\-file\fR. The file is written to when the anchor is updated,
|
|
so the Unbound user must have write permission. Write permission to the file,
|
|
but also to the directory it is in (to create a temporary file, which is
|
|
necessary to deal with filesystem full events), it must also be inside the
|
|
chroot (if that is used).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B trust\-anchor: \fI<"Resource Record">
|
|
A DS or DNSKEY RR for a key to use for validation. Multiple entries can be
|
|
given to specify multiple trusted keys, in addition to the trust\-anchor\-files.
|
|
The resource record is entered in the same format as 'dig' or 'drill' prints
|
|
them, the same format as in the zone file. Has to be on a single line, with
|
|
"" around it. A TTL can be specified for ease of cut and paste, but is ignored.
|
|
A class can be specified, but class IN is default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B trusted\-keys\-file: \fI<filename>
|
|
File with trusted keys for validation. Specify more than one file
|
|
with several entries, one file per entry. Like \fBtrust\-anchor\-file\fR
|
|
but has a different file format. Format is BIND\-9 style format,
|
|
the trusted\-keys { name flag proto algo "key"; }; clauses are read.
|
|
It is possible to use wildcards with this statement, the wildcard is
|
|
expanded on start and on reload.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B trust\-anchor\-signaling: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Send RFC8145 key tag query after trust anchor priming. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B root\-key\-sentinel: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Root key trust anchor sentinel. Default is yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B domain\-insecure: \fI<domain name>
|
|
Sets domain name to be insecure, DNSSEC chain of trust is ignored towards
|
|
the domain name. So a trust anchor above the domain name can not make the
|
|
domain secure with a DS record, such a DS record is then ignored.
|
|
Can be given multiple times
|
|
to specify multiple domains that are treated as if unsigned. If you set
|
|
trust anchors for the domain they override this setting (and the domain
|
|
is secured).
|
|
.IP
|
|
This can be useful if you want to make sure a trust anchor for external
|
|
lookups does not affect an (unsigned) internal domain. A DS record
|
|
externally can create validation failures for that internal domain.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-override\-date: \fI<rrsig\-style date spec>
|
|
Default is "" or "0", which disables this debugging feature. If enabled by
|
|
giving a RRSIG style date, that date is used for verifying RRSIG inception
|
|
and expiration dates, instead of the current date. Do not set this unless
|
|
you are debugging signature inception and expiration. The value \-1 ignores
|
|
the date altogether, useful for some special applications.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-sig\-skew\-min: \fI<seconds>
|
|
Minimum number of seconds of clock skew to apply to validated signatures.
|
|
A value of 10% of the signature lifetime (expiration \- inception) is
|
|
used, capped by this setting. Default is 3600 (1 hour) which allows for
|
|
daylight savings differences. Lower this value for more strict checking
|
|
of short lived signatures.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-sig\-skew\-max: \fI<seconds>
|
|
Maximum number of seconds of clock skew to apply to validated signatures.
|
|
A value of 10% of the signature lifetime (expiration \- inception)
|
|
is used, capped by this setting. Default is 86400 (24 hours) which
|
|
allows for timezone setting problems in stable domains. Setting both
|
|
min and max very low disables the clock skew allowances. Setting both
|
|
min and max very high makes the validator check the signature timestamps
|
|
less strictly.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-max\-restart: \fI<number>
|
|
The maximum number the validator should restart validation with
|
|
another authority in case of failed validation. Default is 5.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-bogus\-ttl: \fI<number>
|
|
The time to live for bogus data. This is data that has failed validation;
|
|
due to invalid signatures or other checks. The TTL from that data cannot be
|
|
trusted, and this value is used instead. The value is in seconds, default 60.
|
|
The time interval prevents repeated revalidation of bogus data.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-clean\-additional: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Instruct the validator to remove data from the additional section of secure
|
|
messages that are not signed properly. Messages that are insecure, bogus,
|
|
indeterminate or unchecked are not affected. Default is yes. Use this setting
|
|
to protect the users that rely on this validator for authentication from
|
|
potentially bad data in the additional section.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-log\-level: \fI<number>
|
|
Have the validator print validation failures to the log. Regardless of
|
|
the verbosity setting. Default is 0, off. At 1, for every user query
|
|
that fails a line is printed to the logs. This way you can monitor what
|
|
happens with validation. Use a diagnosis tool, such as dig or drill,
|
|
to find out why validation is failing for these queries. At 2, not only
|
|
the query that failed is printed but also the reason why Unbound thought
|
|
it was wrong and which server sent the faulty data.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-permissive\-mode: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Instruct the validator to mark bogus messages as indeterminate. The security
|
|
checks are performed, but if the result is bogus (failed security), the
|
|
reply is not withheld from the client with SERVFAIL as usual. The client
|
|
receives the bogus data. For messages that are found to be secure the AD bit
|
|
is set in replies. Also logging is performed as for full validation.
|
|
The default value is "no".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ignore\-cd\-flag: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Instruct Unbound to ignore the CD flag from clients and refuse to
|
|
return bogus answers to them. Thus, the CD (Checking Disabled) flag
|
|
does not disable checking any more. This is useful if legacy (w2008)
|
|
servers that set the CD flag but cannot validate DNSSEC themselves are
|
|
the clients, and then Unbound provides them with DNSSEC protection.
|
|
The default value is "no".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B disable\-edns\-do: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Disable the EDNS DO flag in upstream requests.
|
|
It breaks DNSSEC validation for Unbound's clients.
|
|
This results in the upstream name servers to not include DNSSEC records in
|
|
their replies and could be helpful for devices that cannot handle DNSSEC
|
|
information.
|
|
When the option is enabled, clients that set the DO flag receive no EDNS
|
|
record in the response to indicate the lack of support to them.
|
|
If this option is enabled but Unbound is already configured for DNSSEC
|
|
validation (i.e., the validator module is enabled; default) this option is
|
|
implicitly turned off with a warning as to not break DNSSEC validation in
|
|
Unbound.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B serve\-expired: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, Unbound attempts to serve old responses from cache with a
|
|
TTL of \fBserve\-expired\-reply\-ttl\fR in the response without waiting for the
|
|
actual resolution to finish. The actual resolution answer ends up in the cache
|
|
later on. Default is "no".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B serve\-expired\-ttl: \fI<seconds>
|
|
Limit serving of expired responses to configured seconds after expiration. 0
|
|
disables the limit. This option only applies when \fBserve\-expired\fR is
|
|
enabled. A suggested value per RFC 8767 is between
|
|
86400 (1 day) and 259200 (3 days). The default is 0.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B serve\-expired\-ttl\-reset: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Set the TTL of expired records to the \fBserve\-expired\-ttl\fR value after a
|
|
failed attempt to retrieve the record from upstream. This makes sure that the
|
|
expired records will be served as long as there are queries for it. Default is
|
|
"no".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B serve\-expired\-reply\-ttl: \fI<seconds>
|
|
TTL value to use when replying with expired data. If
|
|
\fBserve\-expired\-client\-timeout\fR is also used then it is RECOMMENDED to
|
|
use 30 as the value (RFC 8767). The default is 30.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B serve\-expired\-client\-timeout: \fI<msec>
|
|
Time in milliseconds before replying to the client with expired data. This
|
|
essentially enables the serve-stale behavior as specified in
|
|
RFC 8767 that first tries to resolve before immediately
|
|
responding with expired data. A recommended value per
|
|
RFC 8767 is 1800. Setting this to 0 will disable this
|
|
behavior. Default is 0.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B serve\-original\-ttl: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, Unbound will always return the original TTL as received from
|
|
the upstream name server rather than the decrementing TTL as
|
|
stored in the cache. This feature may be useful if Unbound serves as a
|
|
front-end to a hidden authoritative name server. Enabling this feature does
|
|
not impact cache expiry, it only changes the TTL Unbound embeds in responses to
|
|
queries. Note that enabling this feature implicitly disables enforcement of
|
|
the configured minimum and maximum TTL, as it is assumed users who enable this
|
|
feature do not want Unbound to change the TTL obtained from an upstream server.
|
|
Thus, the values set using \fBcache\-min\-ttl\fR and \fBcache\-max\-ttl\fR are
|
|
ignored.
|
|
Default is "no".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B val\-nsec3\-keysize\-iterations: \fI<"list of values">
|
|
List of keysize and iteration count values, separated by spaces, surrounded
|
|
by quotes. Default is "1024 150 2048 150 4096 150". This determines the
|
|
maximum allowed NSEC3 iteration count before a message is simply marked
|
|
insecure instead of performing the many hashing iterations. The list must
|
|
be in ascending order and have at least one entry. If you set it to
|
|
"1024 65535" there is no restriction to NSEC3 iteration values.
|
|
This table must be kept short; a very long list could cause slower operation.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B zonemd\-permissive\-mode: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled the ZONEMD verification failures are only logged and do not cause
|
|
the zone to be blocked and only return servfail. Useful for testing out
|
|
if it works, or if the operator only wants to be notified of a problem without
|
|
disrupting service. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B add\-holddown: \fI<seconds>
|
|
Instruct the \fBauto\-trust\-anchor\-file\fR probe mechanism for RFC5011
|
|
autotrust updates to add new trust anchors only after they have been
|
|
visible for this time. Default is 30 days as per the RFC.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B del\-holddown: \fI<seconds>
|
|
Instruct the \fBauto\-trust\-anchor\-file\fR probe mechanism for RFC5011
|
|
autotrust updates to remove revoked trust anchors after they have been
|
|
kept in the revoked list for this long. Default is 30 days as per
|
|
the RFC.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B keep\-missing: \fI<seconds>
|
|
Instruct the \fBauto\-trust\-anchor\-file\fR probe mechanism for RFC5011
|
|
autotrust updates to remove missing trust anchors after they have been
|
|
unseen for this long. This cleans up the state file if the target zone
|
|
does not perform trust anchor revocation, so this makes the auto probe
|
|
mechanism work with zones that perform regular (non\-5011) rollovers.
|
|
The default is 366 days. The value 0 does not remove missing anchors,
|
|
as per the RFC.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B permit\-small\-holddown: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Debug option that allows the autotrust 5011 rollover timers to assume
|
|
very small values. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B key\-cache\-size: \fI<number>
|
|
Number of bytes size of the key cache. Default is 4 megabytes.
|
|
A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes, megabytes
|
|
or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B key\-cache\-slabs: \fI<number>
|
|
Number of slabs in the key cache. Slabs reduce lock contention by threads.
|
|
Must be set to a power of 2. Setting (close) to the number of cpus is a
|
|
reasonable guess.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B neg\-cache\-size: \fI<number>
|
|
Number of bytes size of the aggressive negative cache. Default is 1 megabyte.
|
|
A plain number is in bytes, append 'k', 'm' or 'g' for kilobytes, megabytes
|
|
or gigabytes (1024*1024 bytes in a megabyte).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B unblock\-lan\-zones: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default is disabled. If enabled, then for private address space,
|
|
the reverse lookups are no longer filtered. This allows Unbound when
|
|
running as dns service on a host where it provides service for that host,
|
|
to put out all of the queries for the 'lan' upstream. When enabled,
|
|
only localhost, 127.0.0.1 reverse and ::1 reverse zones are configured
|
|
with default local zones. Disable the option when Unbound is running
|
|
as a (DHCP-) DNS network resolver for a group of machines, where such
|
|
lookups should be filtered (RFC compliance), this also stops potential
|
|
data leakage about the local network to the upstream DNS servers.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B insecure\-lan\-zones: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default is disabled. If enabled, then reverse lookups in private
|
|
address space are not validated. This is usually required whenever
|
|
\fIunblock\-lan\-zones\fR is used.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B local\-zone: \fI<zone> <type>
|
|
Configure a local zone. The type determines the answer to give if
|
|
there is no match from local\-data. The types are deny, refuse, static,
|
|
transparent, redirect, nodefault, typetransparent, inform, inform_deny,
|
|
inform_redirect, always_transparent, block_a, always_refuse, always_nxdomain,
|
|
always_null, noview, and are explained below. After that the default settings
|
|
are listed. Use local\-data: to enter data into the local zone. Answers for
|
|
local zones are authoritative DNS answers. By default the zones are class IN.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If you need more complicated authoritative data, with referrals, wildcards,
|
|
CNAME/DNAME support, or DNSSEC authoritative service, setup a stub\-zone for
|
|
it as detailed in the stub zone section below. A stub\-zone can be used to
|
|
have unbound send queries to another server, an authoritative server, to
|
|
fetch the information. With a forward\-zone, unbound sends queries to a server
|
|
that is a recursive server to fetch the information. With an auth\-zone a
|
|
zone can be loaded from file and used, it can be used like a local\-zone
|
|
for users downstream, or the auth\-zone information can be used to fetch
|
|
information from when resolving like it is an upstream server. The
|
|
forward\-zone and auth\-zone options are described in their sections below.
|
|
If you want to perform filtering of the information that the users can fetch,
|
|
the local\-zone and local\-data statements allow for this, but also the
|
|
rpz functionality can be used, described in the RPZ section.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIdeny\fR
|
|
Do not send an answer, drop the query.
|
|
If there is a match from local data, the query is answered.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIrefuse\fR
|
|
Send an error message reply, with rcode REFUSED.
|
|
If there is a match from local data, the query is answered.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIstatic\fR
|
|
If there is a match from local data, the query is answered.
|
|
Otherwise, the query is answered with nodata or nxdomain.
|
|
For a negative answer a SOA is included in the answer if present
|
|
as local\-data for the zone apex domain.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fItransparent\fR
|
|
If there is a match from local data, the query is answered.
|
|
Otherwise if the query has a different name, the query is resolved normally.
|
|
If the query is for a name given in localdata but no such type of data is
|
|
given in localdata, then a noerror nodata answer is returned.
|
|
If no local\-zone is given local\-data causes a transparent zone
|
|
to be created by default.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fItypetransparent\fR
|
|
If there is a match from local data, the query is answered. If the query
|
|
is for a different name, or for the same name but for a different type,
|
|
the query is resolved normally. So, similar to transparent but types
|
|
that are not listed in local data are resolved normally, so if an A record
|
|
is in the local data that does not cause a nodata reply for AAAA queries.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIredirect\fR
|
|
The query is answered from the local data for the zone name.
|
|
There may be no local data beneath the zone name.
|
|
This answers queries for the zone, and all subdomains of the zone
|
|
with the local data for the zone.
|
|
It can be used to redirect a domain to return a different address record
|
|
to the end user, with
|
|
local\-zone: "example.com." redirect and
|
|
local\-data: "example.com. A 127.0.0.1"
|
|
queries for www.example.com and www.foo.example.com are redirected, so
|
|
that users with web browsers cannot access sites with suffix example.com.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIinform\fR
|
|
The query is answered normally, same as transparent. The client IP
|
|
address (@portnumber) is printed to the logfile. The log message is:
|
|
timestamp, unbound-pid, info: zonename inform IP@port queryname type
|
|
class. This option can be used for normal resolution, but machines
|
|
looking up infected names are logged, eg. to run antivirus on them.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIinform_deny\fR
|
|
The query is dropped, like 'deny', and logged, like 'inform'. Ie. find
|
|
infected machines without answering the queries.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIinform_redirect\fR
|
|
The query is redirected, like 'redirect', and logged, like 'inform'.
|
|
Ie. answer queries with fixed data and also log the machines that ask.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIalways_transparent\fR
|
|
Like transparent, but ignores local data and resolves normally.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIblock_a\fR
|
|
Like transparent, but ignores local data and resolves normally all query
|
|
types excluding A. For A queries it unconditionally returns NODATA.
|
|
Useful in cases when there is a need to explicitly force all apps to use
|
|
IPv6 protocol and avoid any queries to IPv4.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIalways_refuse\fR
|
|
Like refuse, but ignores local data and refuses the query.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIalways_nxdomain\fR
|
|
Like static, but ignores local data and returns nxdomain for the query.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIalways_nodata\fR
|
|
Like static, but ignores local data and returns nodata for the query.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIalways_deny\fR
|
|
Like deny, but ignores local data and drops the query.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIalways_null\fR
|
|
Always returns 0.0.0.0 or ::0 for every name in the zone. Like redirect
|
|
with zero data for A and AAAA. Ignores local data in the zone. Used for
|
|
some block lists.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fInoview\fR
|
|
Breaks out of that view and moves towards the global local zones for answer
|
|
to the query. If the view first is no, it'll resolve normally. If view first
|
|
is enabled, it'll break perform that step and check the global answers.
|
|
For when the view has view specific overrides but some zone has to be
|
|
answered from global local zone contents.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fInodefault\fR
|
|
Used to turn off default contents for AS112 zones. The other types
|
|
also turn off default contents for the zone. The 'nodefault' option
|
|
has no other effect than turning off default contents for the
|
|
given zone. Use \fInodefault\fR if you use exactly that zone, if you want to
|
|
use a subzone, use \fItransparent\fR.
|
|
.P
|
|
The default zones are localhost, reverse 127.0.0.1 and ::1, the home.arpa,
|
|
the onion, test, invalid and the AS112 zones. The AS112 zones are reverse
|
|
DNS zones for private use and reserved IP addresses for which the servers
|
|
on the internet cannot provide correct answers. They are configured by
|
|
default to give nxdomain (no reverse information) answers. The defaults
|
|
can be turned off by specifying your own local\-zone of that name, or
|
|
using the 'nodefault' type. Below is a list of the default zone contents.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIlocalhost\fR
|
|
The IP4 and IP6 localhost information is given. NS and SOA records are provided
|
|
for completeness and to satisfy some DNS update tools. Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "localhost." redirect
|
|
local\-data: "localhost. 10800 IN NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "localhost. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
local\-data: "localhost. 10800 IN A 127.0.0.1"
|
|
local\-data: "localhost. 10800 IN AAAA ::1"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse IPv4 loopback\fR
|
|
Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "127.in\-addr.arpa." static
|
|
local\-data: "127.in\-addr.arpa. 10800 IN NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "127.in\-addr.arpa. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
local\-data: "1.0.0.127.in\-addr.arpa. 10800 IN
|
|
PTR localhost."
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse IPv6 loopback\fR
|
|
Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
|
|
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa." static
|
|
local\-data: "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
|
|
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa. 10800 IN
|
|
NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
|
|
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
local\-data: "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
|
|
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa. 10800 IN
|
|
PTR localhost."
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIhome.arpa (RFC 8375)\fR
|
|
Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "home.arpa." static
|
|
local\-data: "home.arpa. 10800 IN NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "home.arpa. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIonion (RFC 7686)\fR
|
|
Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "onion." static
|
|
local\-data: "onion. 10800 IN NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "onion. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fItest (RFC 6761)\fR
|
|
Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "test." static
|
|
local\-data: "test. 10800 IN NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "test. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIinvalid (RFC 6761)\fR
|
|
Default content:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: "invalid." static
|
|
local\-data: "invalid. 10800 IN NS localhost."
|
|
local\-data: "invalid. 10800 IN
|
|
SOA localhost. nobody.invalid. 1 3600 1200 604800 10800"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse RFC1918 local use zones\fR
|
|
Reverse data for zones 10.in\-addr.arpa, 16.172.in\-addr.arpa to
|
|
31.172.in\-addr.arpa, 168.192.in\-addr.arpa.
|
|
The \fBlocal\-zone:\fR is set static and as \fBlocal\-data:\fR SOA and NS
|
|
records are provided.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse RFC3330 IP4 this, link\-local, testnet and broadcast\fR
|
|
Reverse data for zones 0.in\-addr.arpa, 254.169.in\-addr.arpa,
|
|
2.0.192.in\-addr.arpa (TEST NET 1), 100.51.198.in\-addr.arpa (TEST NET 2),
|
|
113.0.203.in\-addr.arpa (TEST NET 3), 255.255.255.255.in\-addr.arpa.
|
|
And from 64.100.in\-addr.arpa to 127.100.in\-addr.arpa (Shared Address Space).
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse RFC4291 IP6 unspecified\fR
|
|
Reverse data for zone
|
|
.nf
|
|
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
|
|
0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa.
|
|
.fi
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse RFC4193 IPv6 Locally Assigned Local Addresses\fR
|
|
Reverse data for zone D.F.ip6.arpa.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse RFC4291 IPv6 Link Local Addresses\fR
|
|
Reverse data for zones 8.E.F.ip6.arpa to B.E.F.ip6.arpa.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIreverse IPv6 Example Prefix\fR
|
|
Reverse data for zone 8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa. This zone is used for
|
|
tutorials and examples. You can remove the block on this zone with:
|
|
.nf
|
|
local\-zone: 8.B.D.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa. nodefault
|
|
.fi
|
|
You can also selectively unblock a part of the zone by making that part
|
|
transparent with a local\-zone statement.
|
|
This also works with the other default zones.
|
|
.\" End of local-zone listing.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B local\-data: \fI"<resource record string>"
|
|
Configure local data, which is served in reply to queries for it.
|
|
The query has to match exactly unless you configure the local\-zone as
|
|
redirect. If not matched exactly, the local\-zone type determines
|
|
further processing. If local\-data is configured that is not a subdomain of
|
|
a local\-zone, a transparent local\-zone is configured.
|
|
For record types such as TXT, use single quotes, as in
|
|
local\-data: 'example. TXT "text"'.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If you need more complicated authoritative data, with referrals, wildcards,
|
|
CNAME/DNAME support, or DNSSEC authoritative service, setup a stub\-zone for
|
|
it as detailed in the stub zone section below.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B local\-data\-ptr: \fI"IPaddr name"
|
|
Configure local data shorthand for a PTR record with the reversed IPv4 or
|
|
IPv6 address and the host name. For example "192.0.2.4 www.example.com".
|
|
TTL can be inserted like this: "2001:DB8::4 7200 www.example.com"
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B local\-zone\-tag: \fI<zone> <"list of tags">
|
|
Assign tags to localzones. Tagged localzones will only be applied when the
|
|
used access-control element has a matching tag. Tags must be defined in
|
|
\fIdefine\-tags\fR. Enclose list of tags in quotes ("") and put spaces between
|
|
tags. When there are multiple tags it checks if the intersection of the
|
|
list of tags for the query and local\-zone\-tag is non-empty.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B local\-zone\-override: \fI<zone> <IP netblock> <type>
|
|
Override the localzone type for queries from addresses matching netblock.
|
|
Use this localzone type, regardless the type configured for the local-zone
|
|
(both tagged and untagged) and regardless the type configured using
|
|
access\-control\-tag\-action.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B response\-ip: \fI<IP-netblock> <action>
|
|
This requires use of the "respip" module.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If the IP address in an AAAA or A RR in the answer section of a
|
|
response matches the specified IP netblock, the specified action will
|
|
apply.
|
|
\fI<action>\fR has generally the same semantics as that for
|
|
\fIaccess-control-tag-action\fR, but there are some exceptions.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Actions for \fIresponse-ip\fR are different from those for
|
|
\fIlocal-zone\fR in that in case of the former there is no point of
|
|
such conditions as "the query matches it but there is no local data".
|
|
Because of this difference, the semantics of \fIresponse-ip\fR actions
|
|
are modified or simplified as follows: The \fIstatic, refuse,
|
|
transparent, typetransparent,\fR and \fInodefault\fR actions are
|
|
invalid for \fIresponse-ip\fR.
|
|
Using any of these will cause the configuration to be rejected as
|
|
faulty. The \fIdeny\fR action is non-conditional, i.e. it always
|
|
results in dropping the corresponding query.
|
|
The resolution result before applying the deny action is still cached
|
|
and can be used for other queries.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B response-ip-data: \fI<IP-netblock> <"resource record string">
|
|
This requires use of the "respip" module.
|
|
.IP
|
|
This specifies the action data for \fIresponse-ip\fR with action being
|
|
to redirect as specified by "\fIresource record string\fR". "Resource
|
|
record string" is similar to that of \fIaccess-control-tag-action\fR,
|
|
but it must be of either AAAA, A or CNAME types.
|
|
If the IP-netblock is an IPv6/IPv4 prefix, the record
|
|
must be AAAA/A respectively, unless it is a CNAME (which can be used
|
|
for both versions of IP netblocks). If it is CNAME there must not be
|
|
more than one \fIresponse-ip-data\fR for the same IP-netblock.
|
|
Also, CNAME and other types of records must not coexist for the same
|
|
IP-netblock, following the normal rules for CNAME records.
|
|
The textual domain name for the CNAME does not have to be explicitly
|
|
terminated with a dot ("."); the root name is assumed to be the origin
|
|
for the name.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B response-ip-tag: \fI<IP-netblock> <"list of tags">
|
|
This requires use of the "respip" module.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Assign tags to response IP-netblocks. If the IP address in an AAAA or
|
|
A RR in the answer section of a response matches the specified
|
|
IP-netblock, the specified tags are assigned to the IP address.
|
|
Then, if an \fIaccess-control-tag\fR is defined for the client and it
|
|
includes one of the tags for the response IP, the corresponding
|
|
\fIaccess-control-tag-action\fR will apply.
|
|
Tag matching rule is the same as that for \fIaccess-control-tag\fR and
|
|
\fIlocal-zones\fR.
|
|
Unlike \fIlocal-zone-tag\fR, \fIresponse-ip-tag\fR can be defined for
|
|
an IP-netblock even if no \fIresponse-ip\fR is defined for that
|
|
netblock.
|
|
If multiple \fIresponse-ip-tag\fR options are specified for the same
|
|
IP-netblock in different statements, all but the first will be
|
|
ignored.
|
|
However, this will not be flagged as a configuration error, but the
|
|
result is probably not what was intended.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Actions specified in an
|
|
\fIaccess-control-tag-action\fR that has a matching tag with
|
|
\fIresponse-ip-tag\fR can be those that are "invalid" for
|
|
\fIresponse-ip\fR listed above, since \fIaccess-control-tag-action\fRs
|
|
can be shared with local zones.
|
|
For these actions, if they behave differently depending on whether
|
|
local data exists or not in case of local zones, the behavior for
|
|
\fIresponse-ip-data\fR will generally result in NOERROR/NODATA instead
|
|
of NXDOMAIN, since the \fIresponse-ip\fR data are inherently type
|
|
specific, and non-existence of data does not indicate anything about
|
|
the existence or non-existence of the qname itself.
|
|
For example, if the matching tag action is \fIstatic\fR but there is
|
|
no data for the corresponding \fIresponse-ip\fR configuration, then
|
|
the result will be NOERROR/NODATA.
|
|
The only case where NXDOMAIN is returned is when an
|
|
\fIalways_nxdomain\fR action applies.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit: \fI<number or 0>
|
|
Enable ratelimiting of queries sent to nameserver for performing recursion.
|
|
If 0, the default, it is disabled. This option is experimental at this time.
|
|
The ratelimit is in queries per second that are allowed. More queries are
|
|
turned away with an error (servfail). This stops recursive floods, eg. random
|
|
query names, but not spoofed reflection floods. Cached responses are not
|
|
ratelimited by this setting. The zone of the query is determined by examining
|
|
the nameservers for it, the zone name is used to keep track of the rate.
|
|
For example, 1000 may be a suitable value to stop the server from being
|
|
overloaded with random names, and keeps Unbound from sending traffic to the
|
|
nameservers for those zones. Configured forwarders are excluded from
|
|
ratelimiting.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit\-size: \fI<memory size>
|
|
Give the size of the data structure in which the current ongoing rates are
|
|
kept track in. Default 4m. In bytes or use m(mega), k(kilo), g(giga).
|
|
The ratelimit structure is small, so this data structure likely does
|
|
not need to be large.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit\-slabs: \fI<number>
|
|
Give power of 2 number of slabs, this is used to reduce lock contention
|
|
in the ratelimit tracking data structure. Close to the number of cpus is
|
|
a fairly good setting.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit\-factor: \fI<number>
|
|
Set the amount of queries to rate limit when the limit is exceeded.
|
|
If set to 0, all queries are dropped for domains where the limit is
|
|
exceeded. If set to another value, 1 in that number is allowed through
|
|
to complete. Default is 10, allowing 1/10 traffic to flow normally.
|
|
This can make ordinary queries complete (if repeatedly queried for),
|
|
and enter the cache, whilst also mitigating the traffic flow by the
|
|
factor given.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit\-backoff: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, the ratelimit is treated as a hard failure instead of the default
|
|
maximum allowed constant rate. When the limit is reached, traffic is
|
|
ratelimited and demand continues to be kept track of for a 2 second rate
|
|
window. No traffic is allowed, except for ratelimit\-factor, until demand
|
|
decreases below the configured ratelimit for a 2 second rate window. Useful to
|
|
set ratelimit to a suspicious rate to aggressively limit unusually high
|
|
traffic. Default is off.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit\-for\-domain: \fI<domain> <number qps or 0>
|
|
Override the global ratelimit for an exact match domain name with the listed
|
|
number. You can give this for any number of names. For example, for
|
|
a top\-level\-domain you may want to have a higher limit than other names.
|
|
A value of 0 will disable ratelimiting for that domain.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ratelimit\-below\-domain: \fI<domain> <number qps or 0>
|
|
Override the global ratelimit for a domain name that ends in this name.
|
|
You can give this multiple times, it then describes different settings
|
|
in different parts of the namespace. The closest matching suffix is used
|
|
to determine the qps limit. The rate for the exact matching domain name
|
|
is not changed, use ratelimit\-for\-domain to set that, you might want
|
|
to use different settings for a top\-level\-domain and subdomains.
|
|
A value of 0 will disable ratelimiting for domain names that end in this name.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ip\-ratelimit: \fI<number or 0>
|
|
Enable global ratelimiting of queries accepted per IP address.
|
|
This option is experimental at this time.
|
|
The ratelimit is in queries per second that are allowed. More queries are
|
|
completely dropped and will not receive a reply, SERVFAIL or otherwise.
|
|
IP ratelimiting happens before looking in the cache. This may be useful for
|
|
mitigating amplification attacks.
|
|
Default is 0 (disabled).
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ip\-ratelimit\-cookie: \fI<number or 0>
|
|
Enable global ratelimiting of queries accepted per IP address with a valid DNS
|
|
Cookie.
|
|
This option is experimental at this time.
|
|
The ratelimit is in queries per second that are allowed.
|
|
More queries are completely dropped and will not receive a reply, SERVFAIL or
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
IP ratelimiting happens before looking in the cache.
|
|
This option could be useful in combination with \fIallow_cookie\fR in an
|
|
attempt to mitigate other amplification attacks than UDP reflections (e.g.,
|
|
attacks targeting Unbound itself) which are already handled with DNS Cookies.
|
|
If used, the value is suggested to be higher than \fBip\-ratelimit\fR e.g.,
|
|
tenfold.
|
|
Default is 0 (disabled).
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ip\-ratelimit\-size: \fI<memory size>
|
|
Give the size of the data structure in which the current ongoing rates are
|
|
kept track in. Default 4m. In bytes or use m(mega), k(kilo), g(giga).
|
|
The ip ratelimit structure is small, so this data structure likely does
|
|
not need to be large.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ip\-ratelimit\-slabs: \fI<number>
|
|
Give power of 2 number of slabs, this is used to reduce lock contention
|
|
in the ip ratelimit tracking data structure. Close to the number of cpus is
|
|
a fairly good setting.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ip\-ratelimit\-factor: \fI<number>
|
|
Set the amount of queries to rate limit when the limit is exceeded.
|
|
If set to 0, all queries are dropped for addresses where the limit is
|
|
exceeded. If set to another value, 1 in that number is allowed through
|
|
to complete. Default is 10, allowing 1/10 traffic to flow normally.
|
|
This can make ordinary queries complete (if repeatedly queried for),
|
|
and enter the cache, whilst also mitigating the traffic flow by the
|
|
factor given.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ip\-ratelimit\-backoff: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, the ratelimit is treated as a hard failure instead of the default
|
|
maximum allowed constant rate. When the limit is reached, traffic is
|
|
ratelimited and demand continues to be kept track of for a 2 second rate
|
|
window. No traffic is allowed, except for ip\-ratelimit\-factor, until demand
|
|
decreases below the configured ratelimit for a 2 second rate window. Useful to
|
|
set ip\-ratelimit to a suspicious rate to aggressively limit unusually high
|
|
traffic. Default is off.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B outbound\-msg\-retry: \fI<number>
|
|
The number of retries, per upstream nameserver in a delegation, that Unbound
|
|
will attempt in case a throwaway response is received.
|
|
No response (timeout) contributes to the retry counter.
|
|
If a forward/stub zone is used, this is the number of retries per nameserver in
|
|
the zone.
|
|
Default is 5.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B max\-sent\-count: \fI<number>
|
|
Hard limit on the number of outgoing queries Unbound will make while resolving
|
|
a name, making sure large NS sets do not loop.
|
|
Results in SERVFAIL when reached.
|
|
It resets on query restarts (e.g., CNAME) and referrals.
|
|
Default is 32.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B max\-query\-restarts: \fI<number>
|
|
Hard limit on the number of times Unbound is allowed to restart a query upon
|
|
encountering a CNAME record.
|
|
Results in SERVFAIL when reached.
|
|
Changing this value needs caution as it can allow long CNAME chains to be
|
|
accepted, where Unbound needs to verify (resolve) each link individually.
|
|
Default is 11.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B fast\-server\-permil: \fI<number>
|
|
Specify how many times out of 1000 to pick from the set of fastest servers.
|
|
0 turns the feature off. A value of 900 would pick from the fastest
|
|
servers 90 percent of the time, and would perform normal exploration of random
|
|
servers for the remaining time. When prefetch is enabled (or serve\-expired),
|
|
such prefetches are not sped up, because there is no one waiting for it, and it
|
|
presents a good moment to perform server exploration. The
|
|
\fBfast\-server\-num\fR option can be used to specify the size of the fastest
|
|
servers set. The default for fast\-server\-permil is 0.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B fast\-server\-num: \fI<number>
|
|
Set the number of servers that should be used for fast server selection. Only
|
|
use the fastest specified number of servers with the fast\-server\-permil
|
|
option, that turns this on or off. The default is to use the fastest 3 servers.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B answer\-cookie: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, Unbound will answer to requests containing DNS Cookies as
|
|
specified in RFC 7873 and RFC 9018.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B cookie\-secret: \fI<128 bit hex string>
|
|
Server's secret for DNS Cookie generation.
|
|
Useful to explicitly set for servers in an anycast deployment that need to
|
|
share the secret in order to verify each other's Server Cookies.
|
|
An example hex string would be "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f".
|
|
Default is a 128 bits random secret generated at startup time.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B edns\-client\-string: \fI<IP netblock> <string>
|
|
Include an EDNS0 option containing configured ascii string in queries with
|
|
destination address matching the configured IP netblock. This configuration
|
|
option can be used multiple times. The most specific match will be used.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B edns\-client\-string\-opcode: \fI<opcode>
|
|
EDNS0 option code for the \fIedns\-client\-string\fR option, from 0 to 65535.
|
|
A value from the `Reserved for Local/Experimental` range (65001-65534) should
|
|
be used. Default is 65001.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ede: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, Unbound will respond with Extended DNS Error codes (RFC8914).
|
|
These EDEs attach informative error messages to a response for various
|
|
errors. Default is "no".
|
|
|
|
When the \fBval-log-level\fR option is also set to \fB2\fR, responses with
|
|
Extended DNS Errors concerning DNSSEC failures that are not served from cache,
|
|
will also contain a descriptive text message about the reason for the failure.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B ede\-serve\-expired: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, Unbound will attach an Extended DNS Error (RFC8914) Code 3 - Stale
|
|
Answer as EDNS0 option to the expired response. Note that this will not attach
|
|
the EDE code without setting the global \fBede\fR option to "yes" as well.
|
|
Default is "no".
|
|
.SS "Remote Control Options"
|
|
In the
|
|
.B remote\-control:
|
|
clause are the declarations for the remote control facility. If this is
|
|
enabled, the \fIunbound\-control\fR(8) utility can be used to send
|
|
commands to the running Unbound server. The server uses these clauses
|
|
to setup TLSv1 security for the connection. The
|
|
\fIunbound\-control\fR(8) utility also reads the \fBremote\-control\fR
|
|
section for options. To setup the correct self\-signed certificates use the
|
|
\fIunbound\-control\-setup\fR(8) utility.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B control\-enable: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
The option is used to enable remote control, default is "no".
|
|
If turned off, the server does not listen for control commands.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B control\-interface: \fI<ip address or interface name or path>
|
|
Give IPv4 or IPv6 addresses or local socket path to listen on for
|
|
control commands.
|
|
If an interface name is used instead of an ip address, the list of ip addresses
|
|
on that interface are used.
|
|
By default localhost (127.0.0.1 and ::1) is listened to.
|
|
Use 0.0.0.0 and ::0 to listen to all interfaces.
|
|
If you change this and permissions have been dropped, you must restart
|
|
the server for the change to take effect.
|
|
.IP
|
|
If you set it to an absolute path, a unix domain socket is used. This socket
|
|
does not use the certificates and keys, so those files need not be present.
|
|
To restrict access, Unbound sets permissions on the file to the user and
|
|
group that is configured, the access bits are set to allow the group members
|
|
to access the control socket file. Put users that need to access the socket
|
|
in the that group. To restrict access further, create a directory to put
|
|
the control socket in and restrict access to that directory.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B control\-port: \fI<port number>
|
|
The port number to listen on for IPv4 or IPv6 control interfaces,
|
|
default is 8953.
|
|
If you change this and permissions have been dropped, you must restart
|
|
the server for the change to take effect.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B control\-use\-cert: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
For localhost control-interface you can disable the use of TLS by setting
|
|
this option to "no", default is "yes". For local sockets, TLS is disabled
|
|
and the value of this option is ignored.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B server\-key\-file: \fI<private key file>
|
|
Path to the server private key, by default unbound_server.key.
|
|
This file is generated by the \fIunbound\-control\-setup\fR utility.
|
|
This file is used by the Unbound server, but not by \fIunbound\-control\fR.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B server\-cert\-file: \fI<certificate file.pem>
|
|
Path to the server self signed certificate, by default unbound_server.pem.
|
|
This file is generated by the \fIunbound\-control\-setup\fR utility.
|
|
This file is used by the Unbound server, and also by \fIunbound\-control\fR.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B control\-key\-file: \fI<private key file>
|
|
Path to the control client private key, by default unbound_control.key.
|
|
This file is generated by the \fIunbound\-control\-setup\fR utility.
|
|
This file is used by \fIunbound\-control\fR.
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
.B control\-cert\-file: \fI<certificate file.pem>
|
|
Path to the control client certificate, by default unbound_control.pem.
|
|
This certificate has to be signed with the server certificate.
|
|
This file is generated by the \fIunbound\-control\-setup\fR utility.
|
|
This file is used by \fIunbound\-control\fR.
|
|
.SS "Stub Zone Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
There may be multiple
|
|
.B stub\-zone:
|
|
clauses. Each with a name: and zero or more hostnames or IP addresses.
|
|
For the stub zone this list of nameservers is used. Class IN is assumed.
|
|
The servers should be authority servers, not recursors; Unbound performs
|
|
the recursive processing itself for stub zones.
|
|
.P
|
|
The stub zone can be used to configure authoritative data to be used
|
|
by the resolver that cannot be accessed using the public internet servers.
|
|
This is useful for company\-local data or private zones. Setup an
|
|
authoritative server on a different host (or different port). Enter a config
|
|
entry for Unbound with
|
|
.B stub\-addr:
|
|
<ip address of host[@port]>.
|
|
The Unbound resolver can then access the data, without referring to the
|
|
public internet for it.
|
|
.P
|
|
This setup allows DNSSEC signed zones to be served by that
|
|
authoritative server, in which case a trusted key entry with the public key
|
|
can be put in config, so that Unbound can validate the data and set the AD
|
|
bit on replies for the private zone (authoritative servers do not set the
|
|
AD bit). This setup makes Unbound capable of answering queries for the
|
|
private zone, and can even set the AD bit ('authentic'), but the AA
|
|
('authoritative') bit is not set on these replies.
|
|
.P
|
|
Consider adding \fBserver:\fR statements for \fBdomain\-insecure:\fR and
|
|
for \fBlocal\-zone:\fI name nodefault\fR for the zone if it is a locally
|
|
served zone. The insecure clause stops DNSSEC from invalidating the
|
|
zone. The local zone nodefault (or \fItransparent\fR) clause makes the
|
|
(reverse\-) zone bypass Unbound's filtering of RFC1918 zones.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B name: \fI<domain name>
|
|
Name of the stub zone. This is the full domain name of the zone.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-host: \fI<domain name>
|
|
Name of stub zone nameserver. Is itself resolved before it is used.
|
|
To use a nondefault port for DNS communication append '@' with the port number.
|
|
If tls is enabled, then you can append a '#' and a name, then it'll check the
|
|
tls authentication certificates with that name. If you combine the '@'
|
|
and '#', the '@' comes first. If only '#' is used the default port is the
|
|
configured tls\-port.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-addr: \fI<IP address>
|
|
IP address of stub zone nameserver. Can be IP 4 or IP 6.
|
|
To use a nondefault port for DNS communication append '@' with the port number.
|
|
If tls is enabled, then you can append a '#' and a name, then it'll check the
|
|
tls authentication certificates with that name. If you combine the '@'
|
|
and '#', the '@' comes first. If only '#' is used the default port is the
|
|
configured tls\-port.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-prime: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
This option is by default no. If enabled it performs NS set priming,
|
|
which is similar to root hints, where it starts using the list of nameservers
|
|
currently published by the zone. Thus, if the hint list is slightly outdated,
|
|
the resolver picks up a correct list online.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-first: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, a query is attempted without the stub clause if it fails.
|
|
The data could not be retrieved and would have caused SERVFAIL because
|
|
the servers are unreachable, instead it is tried without this clause.
|
|
The default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-tls\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enabled or disable whether the queries to this stub use TLS for transport.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-ssl\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBstub\-tls\-upstream\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-tcp\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If it is set to "yes" then upstream queries use TCP only for transport regardless of global flag tcp-upstream.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B stub\-no\-cache: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default is no. If enabled, data inside the stub is not cached. This is
|
|
useful when you want immediate changes to be visible.
|
|
.SS "Forward Zone Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
There may be multiple
|
|
.B forward\-zone:
|
|
clauses. Each with a \fBname:\fR and zero or more hostnames or IP
|
|
addresses. For the forward zone this list of nameservers is used to
|
|
forward the queries to. The servers listed as \fBforward\-host:\fR and
|
|
\fBforward\-addr:\fR have to handle further recursion for the query. Thus,
|
|
those servers are not authority servers, but are (just like Unbound is)
|
|
recursive servers too; Unbound does not perform recursion itself for the
|
|
forward zone, it lets the remote server do it. Class IN is assumed.
|
|
CNAMEs are chased by Unbound itself, asking the remote server for every
|
|
name in the indirection chain, to protect the local cache from illegal
|
|
indirect referenced items.
|
|
A forward\-zone entry with name "." and a forward\-addr target will
|
|
forward all queries to that other server (unless it can answer from
|
|
the cache).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B name: \fI<domain name>
|
|
Name of the forward zone. This is the full domain name of the zone.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-host: \fI<domain name>
|
|
Name of server to forward to. Is itself resolved before it is used.
|
|
To use a nondefault port for DNS communication append '@' with the port number.
|
|
If tls is enabled, then you can append a '#' and a name, then it'll check the
|
|
tls authentication certificates with that name. If you combine the '@'
|
|
and '#', the '@' comes first. If only '#' is used the default port is the
|
|
configured tls\-port.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-addr: \fI<IP address>
|
|
IP address of server to forward to. Can be IP 4 or IP 6.
|
|
To use a nondefault port for DNS communication append '@' with the port number.
|
|
If tls is enabled, then you can append a '#' and a name, then it'll check the
|
|
tls authentication certificates with that name. If you combine the '@'
|
|
and '#', the '@' comes first. If only '#' is used the default port is the
|
|
configured tls\-port.
|
|
.IP
|
|
At high verbosity it logs the TLS certificate, with TLS enabled.
|
|
If you leave out the '#' and auth name from the forward\-addr, any
|
|
name is accepted. The cert must also match a CA from the tls\-cert\-bundle.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-first: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If a forwarded query is met with a SERVFAIL error, and this option is
|
|
enabled, Unbound will fall back to normal recursive resolution for this
|
|
query as if no query forwarding had been specified. The default is "no".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-tls\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enabled or disable whether the queries to this forwarder use TLS for transport.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
If you enable this, also configure a tls\-cert\-bundle or use tls\-win\-cert to
|
|
load CA certs, otherwise the connections cannot be authenticated.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-ssl\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBforward\-tls\-upstream\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-tcp\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If it is set to "yes" then upstream queries use TCP only for transport regardless of global flag tcp-upstream.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B forward\-no\-cache: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default is no. If enabled, data inside the forward is not cached. This is
|
|
useful when you want immediate changes to be visible.
|
|
.SS "Authority Zone Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
Authority zones are configured with \fBauth\-zone:\fR, and each one must
|
|
have a \fBname:\fR. There can be multiple ones, by listing multiple auth\-zone clauses, each with a different name, pertaining to that part of the namespace.
|
|
The authority zone with the name closest to the name looked up is used.
|
|
Authority zones can be processed on two distinct, non-exclusive, configurable
|
|
stages.
|
|
.LP
|
|
With \fBfor\-downstream:\fR \fIyes\fR (default), authority zones are processed
|
|
after \fBlocal\-zones\fR and before cache.
|
|
When used in this manner, Unbound responds like an authority server with no
|
|
further processing other than returning an answer from the zone contents.
|
|
A notable example, in this case, is CNAME records which are returned verbatim
|
|
to downstream clients without further resolution.
|
|
.LP
|
|
With \fBfor\-upstream:\fR \fIyes\fR (default), authority zones are processed
|
|
after the cache lookup, just before going to the network to fetch
|
|
information for recursion.
|
|
When used in this manner they provide a local copy of an authority server
|
|
that speeds up lookups for that data during resolving.
|
|
.LP
|
|
If both options are enabled (default), client queries for an authority zone are
|
|
answered authoritatively from Unbound, while internal queries that require data
|
|
from the authority zone consult the local zone data instead of going to the
|
|
network.
|
|
.LP
|
|
An interesting configuration is \fBfor\-downstream:\fR \fIno\fR,
|
|
\fBfor\-upstream:\fR \fIyes\fR that allows for hyperlocal behavior where both
|
|
client and internal queries consult the local zone data while resolving.
|
|
In this case, the aforementioned CNAME example will result in a thoroughly
|
|
resolved answer.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Authority zones can be read from zonefile. And can be kept updated via
|
|
AXFR and IXFR. After update the zonefile is rewritten. The update mechanism
|
|
uses the SOA timer values and performs SOA UDP queries to detect zone changes.
|
|
.LP
|
|
If the update fetch fails, the timers in the SOA record are used to time
|
|
another fetch attempt. Until the SOA expiry timer is reached. Then the
|
|
zone is expired. When a zone is expired, queries are SERVFAIL, and
|
|
any new serial number is accepted from the primary (even if older), and if
|
|
fallback is enabled, the fallback activates to fetch from the upstream instead
|
|
of the SERVFAIL.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B name: \fI<zone name>
|
|
Name of the authority zone.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B primary: \fI<IP address or host name>
|
|
Where to download a copy of the zone from, with AXFR and IXFR. Multiple
|
|
primaries can be specified. They are all tried if one fails.
|
|
To use a nondefault port for DNS communication append '@' with the port number.
|
|
You can append a '#' and a name, then AXFR over TLS can be used and the tls authentication certificates will be checked with that name. If you combine
|
|
the '@' and '#', the '@' comes first.
|
|
If you point it at another Unbound instance, it would not work because
|
|
that does not support AXFR/IXFR for the zone, but if you used \fBurl:\fR to download
|
|
the zonefile as a text file from a webserver that would work.
|
|
If you specify the hostname, you cannot use the domain from the zonefile,
|
|
because it may not have that when retrieving that data, instead use a plain
|
|
IP address to avoid a circular dependency on retrieving that IP address.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B master: \fI<IP address or host name>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBprimary\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B url: \fI<url to zonefile>
|
|
Where to download a zonefile for the zone. With http or https. An example
|
|
for the url is "http://www.example.com/example.org.zone". Multiple url
|
|
statements can be given, they are tried in turn. If only urls are given
|
|
the SOA refresh timer is used to wait for making new downloads. If also
|
|
primaries are listed, the primaries are first probed with UDP SOA queries to
|
|
see if the SOA serial number has changed, reducing the number of downloads.
|
|
If none of the urls work, the primaries are tried with IXFR and AXFR.
|
|
For https, the \fBtls\-cert\-bundle\fR and the hostname from the url are used
|
|
to authenticate the connection.
|
|
If you specify a hostname in the URL, you cannot use the domain from the
|
|
zonefile, because it may not have that when retrieving that data, instead
|
|
use a plain IP address to avoid a circular dependency on retrieving that IP
|
|
address. Avoid dependencies on name lookups by using a notation like
|
|
"http://192.0.2.1/unbound-primaries/example.com.zone", with an explicit IP address.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B allow\-notify: \fI<IP address or host name or netblockIP/prefix>
|
|
With allow\-notify you can specify additional sources of notifies.
|
|
When notified, the server attempts to first probe and then zone transfer.
|
|
If the notify is from a primary, it first attempts that primary. Otherwise
|
|
other primaries are attempted. If there are no primaries, but only urls, the
|
|
file is downloaded when notified. The primaries from primary: and url:
|
|
statements are allowed notify by default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B fallback\-enabled: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default no. If enabled, Unbound falls back to querying the internet as
|
|
a resolver for this zone when lookups fail. For example for DNSSEC
|
|
validation failures.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B for\-downstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default yes. If enabled, Unbound serves authority responses to
|
|
downstream clients for this zone. This option makes Unbound behave, for
|
|
the queries with names in this zone, like one of the authority servers for
|
|
that zone. Turn it off if you want Unbound to provide recursion for the
|
|
zone but have a local copy of zone data. If for\-downstream is no and
|
|
for\-upstream is yes, then Unbound will DNSSEC validate the contents of the
|
|
zone before serving the zone contents to clients and store validation
|
|
results in the cache.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B for\-upstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Default yes. If enabled, Unbound fetches data from this data collection
|
|
for answering recursion queries. Instead of sending queries over the internet
|
|
to the authority servers for this zone, it'll fetch the data directly from
|
|
the zone data. Turn it on when you want Unbound to provide recursion for
|
|
downstream clients, and use the zone data as a local copy to speed up lookups.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B zonemd\-check: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable this option to check ZONEMD records in the zone. Default is disabled.
|
|
The ZONEMD record is a checksum over the zone data. This includes glue in
|
|
the zone and data from the zone file, and excludes comments from the zone file.
|
|
When there is a DNSSEC chain of trust, DNSSEC signatures are checked too.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B zonemd\-reject\-absence: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable this option to reject the absence of the ZONEMD record. Without it,
|
|
when zonemd is not there it is not checked. It is useful to enable for a
|
|
nonDNSSEC signed zone where the operator wants to require the verification
|
|
of a ZONEMD, hence a missing ZONEMD is a failure. The action upon
|
|
failure is controlled by the \fBzonemd\-permissive\-mode\fR option, for
|
|
log only or also block the zone. The default is no.
|
|
.IP
|
|
Without the option absence of a ZONEMD is only a failure when the zone is
|
|
DNSSEC signed, and we have a trust anchor, and the DNSSEC verification of
|
|
the absence of the ZONEMD fails. With the option enabled, the absence of
|
|
a ZONEMD is always a failure, also for nonDNSSEC signed zones.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B zonefile: \fI<filename>
|
|
The filename where the zone is stored. If not given then no zonefile is used.
|
|
If the file does not exist or is empty, Unbound will attempt to fetch zone
|
|
data (eg. from the primary servers).
|
|
.SS "View Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
There may be multiple
|
|
.B view:
|
|
clauses. Each with a \fBname:\fR and zero or more \fBlocal\-zone\fR and
|
|
\fBlocal\-data\fR elements. Views can also contain view\-first,
|
|
response\-ip, response\-ip\-data and local\-data\-ptr elements.
|
|
View can be mapped to requests by specifying the
|
|
view name in an \fBaccess\-control\-view\fR element. Options from matching
|
|
views will override global options. Global options will be used if no matching
|
|
view is found, or when the matching view does not have the option specified.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B name: \fI<view name>
|
|
Name of the view. Must be unique. This name is used in access\-control\-view
|
|
elements.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B local\-zone: \fI<zone> <type>
|
|
View specific local\-zone elements. Has the same types and behaviour as the
|
|
global local\-zone elements. When there is at least one local\-zone specified
|
|
and view\-first is no, the default local-zones will be added to this view.
|
|
Defaults can be disabled using the nodefault type. When view\-first is yes or
|
|
when a view does not have a local\-zone, the global local\-zone will be used
|
|
including it's default zones.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B local\-data: \fI"<resource record string>"
|
|
View specific local\-data elements. Has the same behaviour as the global
|
|
local\-data elements.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B local\-data\-ptr: \fI"IPaddr name"
|
|
View specific local\-data\-ptr elements. Has the same behaviour as the global
|
|
local\-data\-ptr elements.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B view\-first: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, it attempts to use the global local\-zone and local\-data if there
|
|
is no match in the view specific options.
|
|
The default is no.
|
|
.SS "Python Module Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.B python:
|
|
clause gives the settings for the \fIpython\fR(1) script module. This module
|
|
acts like the iterator and validator modules do, on queries and answers.
|
|
To enable the script module it has to be compiled into the daemon,
|
|
and the word "python" has to be put in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR option
|
|
(usually first, or between the validator and iterator). Multiple instances of
|
|
the python module are supported by adding the word "python" more than once.
|
|
.LP
|
|
If the \fBchroot:\fR option is enabled, you should make sure Python's
|
|
library directory structure is bind mounted in the new root environment, see
|
|
\fImount\fR(8). Also the \fBpython\-script:\fR path should be specified as an
|
|
absolute path relative to the new root, or as a relative path to the working
|
|
directory.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B python\-script: \fI<python file>\fR
|
|
The script file to load. Repeat this option for every python module instance
|
|
added to the \fBmodule\-config:\fR option.
|
|
.SS "Dynamic Library Module Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.B dynlib:
|
|
clause gives the settings for the \fIdynlib\fR module. This module is only
|
|
a very small wrapper that allows dynamic modules to be loaded on runtime
|
|
instead of being compiled into the application. To enable the dynlib module it
|
|
has to be compiled into the daemon, and the word "dynlib" has to be put in the
|
|
\fBmodule\-config:\fR option. Multiple instances of dynamic libraries are
|
|
supported by adding the word "dynlib" more than once.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBdynlib\-file:\fR path should be specified as an absolute path relative
|
|
to the new path set by \fBchroot:\fR option, or as a relative path to the
|
|
working directory.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dynlib\-file: \fI<dynlib file>\fR
|
|
The dynamic library file to load. Repeat this option for every dynlib module
|
|
instance added to the \fBmodule\-config:\fR option.
|
|
.SS "DNS64 Module Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The dns64 module must be configured in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR "dns64
|
|
validator iterator" directive and be compiled into the daemon to be
|
|
enabled. These settings go in the \fBserver:\fR section.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dns64\-prefix: \fI<IPv6 prefix>\fR
|
|
This sets the DNS64 prefix to use to synthesize AAAA records with.
|
|
It must be /96 or shorter. The default prefix is 64:ff9b::/96.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dns64\-synthall: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Debug option, default no. If enabled, synthesize all AAAA records
|
|
despite the presence of actual AAAA records.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dns64\-ignore\-aaaa: \fI<name>\fR
|
|
List domain for which the AAAA records are ignored and the A record is
|
|
used by dns64 processing instead. Can be entered multiple times, list a
|
|
new domain for which it applies, one per line. Applies also to names
|
|
underneath the name given.
|
|
.SS "NAT64 Operation"
|
|
.LP
|
|
NAT64 operation allows using a NAT64 prefix for outbound requests to IPv4-only
|
|
servers. It is controlled by two options in the \fBserver:\fR section:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B do\-nat64: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Use NAT64 to reach IPv4-only servers.
|
|
Consider also enabling \fBprefer\-ip6\fR to prefer native IPv6 connections to
|
|
nameservers.
|
|
Default no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B nat64\-prefix: \fI<IPv6 prefix>\fR
|
|
Use a specific NAT64 prefix to reach IPv4-only servers. Defaults to using
|
|
the prefix configured in \fBdns64\-prefix\fR, which in turn defaults to
|
|
64:ff9b::/96. The prefix length must be one of /32, /40, /48, /56, /64 or /96.
|
|
.SS "DNSCrypt Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.B dnscrypt:
|
|
clause gives the settings of the dnscrypt channel. While those options are
|
|
available, they are only meaningful if Unbound was compiled with
|
|
\fB\-\-enable\-dnscrypt\fR.
|
|
Currently certificate and secret/public keys cannot be generated by Unbound.
|
|
You can use dnscrypt-wrapper to generate those: https://github.com/cofyc/\
|
|
dnscrypt-wrapper/blob/master/README.md#usage
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-enable: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Whether or not the \fBdnscrypt\fR config should be enabled. You may define
|
|
configuration but not activate it.
|
|
The default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-port: \fI<port number>
|
|
On which port should \fBdnscrypt\fR should be activated. Note that you should
|
|
have a matching \fBinterface\fR option defined in the \fBserver\fR section for
|
|
this port.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-provider: \fI<provider name>\fR
|
|
The provider name to use to distribute certificates. This is of the form:
|
|
\fB2.dnscrypt-cert.example.com.\fR. The name \fIMUST\fR end with a dot.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-secret\-key: \fI<path to secret key file>\fR
|
|
Path to the time limited secret key file. This option may be specified multiple
|
|
times.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-provider\-cert: \fI<path to cert file>\fR
|
|
Path to the certificate related to the \fBdnscrypt\-secret\-key\fRs.
|
|
This option may be specified multiple times.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-provider\-cert\-rotated: \fI<path to cert file>\fR
|
|
Path to a certificate that we should be able to serve existing connection from
|
|
but do not want to advertise over \fBdnscrypt\-provider\fR's TXT record certs
|
|
distribution.
|
|
A typical use case is when rotating certificates, existing clients may still use
|
|
the client magic from the old cert in their queries until they fetch and update
|
|
the new cert. Likewise, it would allow one to prime the new cert/key without
|
|
distributing the new cert yet, this can be useful when using a network of
|
|
servers using anycast and on which the configuration may not get updated at the
|
|
exact same time. By priming the cert, the servers can handle both old and new
|
|
certs traffic while distributing only one.
|
|
This option may be specified multiple times.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-shared\-secret\-cache\-size: \fI<memory size>
|
|
Give the size of the data structure in which the shared secret keys are kept
|
|
in. Default 4m. In bytes or use m(mega), k(kilo), g(giga).
|
|
The shared secret cache is used when a same client is making multiple queries
|
|
using the same public key. It saves a substantial amount of CPU.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-shared\-secret\-cache\-slabs: \fI<number>
|
|
Give power of 2 number of slabs, this is used to reduce lock contention
|
|
in the dnscrypt shared secrets cache. Close to the number of cpus is
|
|
a fairly good setting.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-nonce\-cache\-size: \fI<memory size>
|
|
Give the size of the data structure in which the client nonces are kept in.
|
|
Default 4m. In bytes or use m(mega), k(kilo), g(giga).
|
|
The nonce cache is used to prevent dnscrypt message replaying. Client nonce
|
|
should be unique for any pair of client pk/server sk.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnscrypt\-nonce\-cache\-slabs: \fI<number>
|
|
Give power of 2 number of slabs, this is used to reduce lock contention
|
|
in the dnscrypt nonce cache. Close to the number of cpus is
|
|
a fairly good setting.
|
|
.SS "EDNS Client Subnet Module Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The ECS module must be configured in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR "subnetcache
|
|
validator iterator" directive and be compiled into the daemon to be
|
|
enabled. These settings go in the \fBserver:\fR section.
|
|
.LP
|
|
If the destination address is allowed in the configuration Unbound will add the
|
|
EDNS0 option to the query containing the relevant part of the client's address.
|
|
When an answer contains the ECS option the response and the option are placed in
|
|
a specialized cache. If the authority indicated no support, the response is
|
|
stored in the regular cache.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Additionally, when a client includes the option in its queries, Unbound will
|
|
forward the option when sending the query to addresses that are explicitly
|
|
allowed in the configuration using \fBsend\-client\-subnet\fR. The option will
|
|
always be forwarded, regardless the allowed addresses, if
|
|
\fBclient\-subnet\-always\-forward\fR is set to yes. In this case the lookup in
|
|
the regular cache is skipped.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The maximum size of the ECS cache is controlled by 'msg-cache-size' in the
|
|
configuration file. On top of that, for each query only 100 different subnets
|
|
are allowed to be stored for each address family. Exceeding that number, older
|
|
entries will be purged from cache.
|
|
.LP
|
|
This module does not interact with the \fBserve\-expired*\fR and
|
|
\fBprefetch:\fR options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B send\-client\-subnet: \fI<IP address>\fR
|
|
Send client source address to this authority. Append /num to indicate a
|
|
classless delegation netblock, for example like 10.2.3.4/24 or 2001::11/64. Can
|
|
be given multiple times. Authorities not listed will not receive edns-subnet
|
|
information, unless domain in query is specified in \fBclient\-subnet\-zone\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B client\-subnet\-zone: \fI<domain>\fR
|
|
Send client source address in queries for this domain and its subdomains. Can be
|
|
given multiple times. Zones not listed will not receive edns-subnet information,
|
|
unless hosted by authority specified in \fBsend\-client\-subnet\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B client\-subnet\-always\-forward: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Specify whether the ECS address check (configured using
|
|
\fBsend\-client\-subnet\fR) is applied for all queries, even if the triggering
|
|
query contains an ECS record, or only for queries for which the ECS record is
|
|
generated using the querier address (and therefore did not contain ECS data in
|
|
the client query). If enabled, the address check is skipped when the client
|
|
query contains an ECS record. And the lookup in the regular cache is skipped.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B max\-client\-subnet\-ipv6: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Specifies the maximum prefix length of the client source address we are willing
|
|
to expose to third parties for IPv6. Defaults to 56.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B max\-client\-subnet\-ipv4: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Specifies the maximum prefix length of the client source address we are willing
|
|
to expose to third parties for IPv4. Defaults to 24.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B min\-client\-subnet\-ipv6: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Specifies the minimum prefix length of the IPv6 source mask we are willing to
|
|
accept in queries. Shorter source masks result in REFUSED answers. Source mask
|
|
of 0 is always accepted. Default is 0.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B min\-client\-subnet\-ipv4: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Specifies the minimum prefix length of the IPv4 source mask we are willing to
|
|
accept in queries. Shorter source masks result in REFUSED answers. Source mask
|
|
of 0 is always accepted. Default is 0.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B max\-ecs\-tree\-size\-ipv4: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Specifies the maximum number of subnets ECS answers kept in the ECS radix tree.
|
|
This number applies for each qname/qclass/qtype tuple. Defaults to 100.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B max\-ecs\-tree\-size\-ipv6: \fI<number>\fR
|
|
Specifies the maximum number of subnets ECS answers kept in the ECS radix tree.
|
|
This number applies for each qname/qclass/qtype tuple. Defaults to 100.
|
|
.SS "Opportunistic IPsec Support Module Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The IPsec module must be configured in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR "ipsecmod
|
|
validator iterator" directive and be compiled into Unbound by using
|
|
\fB\-\-enable\-ipsecmod\fR to be enabled.
|
|
These settings go in the \fBserver:\fR section.
|
|
.LP
|
|
When Unbound receives an A/AAAA query that is not in the cache and finds a
|
|
valid answer, it will withhold returning the answer and instead will generate
|
|
an IPSECKEY subquery for the same domain name. If an answer was found, Unbound
|
|
will call an external hook passing the following arguments:
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIQNAME\fR
|
|
Domain name of the A/AAAA and IPSECKEY query. In string format.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIIPSECKEY TTL\fR
|
|
TTL of the IPSECKEY RRset.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIA/AAAA\fR
|
|
String of space separated IP addresses present in the A/AAAA RRset. The IP
|
|
addresses are in string format.
|
|
.TP 10
|
|
\h'5'\fIIPSECKEY\fR
|
|
String of space separated IPSECKEY RDATA present in the IPSECKEY RRset. The
|
|
IPSECKEY RDATA are in DNS presentation format.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The A/AAAA answer is then cached and returned to the client. If the external
|
|
hook was called the TTL changes to ensure it doesn't surpass
|
|
\fBipsecmod-max-ttl\fR.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The same procedure is also followed when \fBprefetch:\fR is used, but the
|
|
A/AAAA answer is given to the client before the hook is called.
|
|
\fBipsecmod-max-ttl\fR ensures that the A/AAAA answer given from cache is still
|
|
relevant for opportunistic IPsec.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod-enabled: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Specifies whether the IPsec module is enabled or not. The IPsec module still
|
|
needs to be defined in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR directive. This option
|
|
facilitates turning on/off the module without restarting/reloading Unbound.
|
|
Defaults to yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod\-hook: \fI<filename>\fR
|
|
Specifies the external hook that Unbound will call with \fIsystem\fR(3). The
|
|
file can be specified as an absolute/relative path. The file needs the proper
|
|
permissions to be able to be executed by the same user that runs Unbound. It
|
|
must be present when the IPsec module is defined in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR
|
|
directive.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod-strict: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
If enabled Unbound requires the external hook to return a success value of 0.
|
|
Failing to do so Unbound will reply with SERVFAIL. The A/AAAA answer will also
|
|
not be cached. Defaults to no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod\-max-ttl: \fI<seconds>\fR
|
|
Time to live maximum for A/AAAA cached records after calling the external hook.
|
|
Defaults to 3600.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod-ignore-bogus: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
Specifies the behaviour of Unbound when the IPSECKEY answer is bogus. If set
|
|
to yes, the hook will be called and the A/AAAA answer will be returned to the
|
|
client. If set to no, the hook will not be called and the answer to the
|
|
A/AAAA query will be SERVFAIL. Mainly used for testing. Defaults to no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod\-allow: \fI<domain>\fR
|
|
Allow the ipsecmod functionality for the domain so that the module logic will be
|
|
executed. Can be given multiple times, for different domains. If the option is
|
|
not specified, all domains are treated as being allowed (default).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipsecmod\-whitelist: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBipsecmod\-allow\fR.
|
|
.SS "Cache DB Module Options"
|
|
.LP
|
|
The Cache DB module must be configured in the \fBmodule\-config:\fR
|
|
"validator cachedb iterator" directive and be compiled into the daemon
|
|
with \fB\-\-enable\-cachedb\fR.
|
|
If this module is enabled and configured, the specified backend database
|
|
works as a second level cache:
|
|
When Unbound cannot find an answer to a query in its built-in in-memory
|
|
cache, it consults the specified backend.
|
|
If it finds a valid answer in the backend, Unbound uses it to respond
|
|
to the query without performing iterative DNS resolution.
|
|
If Unbound cannot even find an answer in the backend, it resolves the
|
|
query as usual, and stores the answer in the backend.
|
|
.P
|
|
This module interacts with the \fBserve\-expired\-*\fR options and will reply
|
|
with expired data if Unbound is configured for that. Currently the use
|
|
of \fBserve\-expired\-client\-timeout:\fR and
|
|
\fBserve\-expired\-reply\-ttl:\fR is not consistent for data originating from
|
|
the external cache as these will result in a reply with 0 TTL without trying to
|
|
update the data first, ignoring the configured values.
|
|
.P
|
|
If Unbound was built with
|
|
\fB\-\-with\-libhiredis\fR
|
|
on a system that has installed the hiredis C client library of Redis,
|
|
then the "redis" backend can be used.
|
|
This backend communicates with the specified Redis server over a TCP
|
|
connection to store and retrieve cache data.
|
|
It can be used as a persistent and/or shared cache backend.
|
|
It should be noted that Unbound never removes data stored in the Redis server,
|
|
even if some data have expired in terms of DNS TTL or the Redis server has
|
|
cached too much data;
|
|
if necessary the Redis server must be configured to limit the cache size,
|
|
preferably with some kind of least-recently-used eviction policy.
|
|
Additionally, the \fBredis\-expire\-records\fR option can be used in order to
|
|
set the relative DNS TTL of the message as timeout to the Redis records; keep
|
|
in mind that some additional memory is used per key and that the expire
|
|
information is stored as absolute Unix timestamps in Redis (computer time must
|
|
be stable).
|
|
This backend uses synchronous communication with the Redis server
|
|
based on the assumption that the communication is stable and sufficiently
|
|
fast.
|
|
The thread waiting for a response from the Redis server cannot handle
|
|
other DNS queries.
|
|
Although the backend has the ability to reconnect to the server when
|
|
the connection is closed unexpectedly and there is a configurable timeout
|
|
in case the server is overly slow or hangs up, these cases are assumed
|
|
to be very rare.
|
|
If connection close or timeout happens too often, Unbound will be
|
|
effectively unusable with this backend.
|
|
It's the administrator's responsibility to make the assumption hold.
|
|
.P
|
|
The
|
|
.B cachedb:
|
|
clause gives custom settings of the cache DB module.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B backend: \fI<backend name>\fR
|
|
Specify the backend database name.
|
|
The default database is the in-memory backend named "testframe", which,
|
|
as the name suggests, is not of any practical use.
|
|
Depending on the build-time configuration, "redis" backend may also be
|
|
used as described above.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B secret-seed: \fI<"secret string">\fR
|
|
Specify a seed to calculate a hash value from query information.
|
|
This value will be used as the key of the corresponding answer for the
|
|
backend database and can be customized if the hash should not be predictable
|
|
operationally.
|
|
If the backend database is shared by multiple Unbound instances,
|
|
all instances must use the same secret seed.
|
|
This option defaults to "default".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B cachedb-no-store: \fI<yes or no>\fR
|
|
If the backend should be read from, but not written to. This makes this
|
|
instance not store dns messages in the backend. But if data is available it
|
|
is retrieved. The default is no.
|
|
.P
|
|
The following
|
|
.B cachedb
|
|
options are specific to the redis backend.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-server-host: \fI<server address or name>\fR
|
|
The IP (either v6 or v4) address or domain name of the Redis server.
|
|
In general an IP address should be specified as otherwise Unbound will have to
|
|
resolve the name of the server every time it establishes a connection
|
|
to the server.
|
|
This option defaults to "127.0.0.1".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-server-port: \fI<port number>\fR
|
|
The TCP port number of the Redis server.
|
|
This option defaults to 6379.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-server-path: \fI<unix socket path>\fR
|
|
The unix socket path to connect to the redis server. Off by default, and it
|
|
can be set to "" to turn this off. Unix sockets may have better throughput
|
|
than the IP address option.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-server-password: \fI"<password>"\fR
|
|
The Redis AUTH password to use for the redis server.
|
|
Only relevant if Redis is configured for client password authorisation.
|
|
Off by default, and it can be set to "" to turn this off.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-timeout: \fI<msec>\fR
|
|
The period until when Unbound waits for a response from the Redis sever.
|
|
If this timeout expires Unbound closes the connection, treats it as
|
|
if the Redis server does not have the requested data, and will try to
|
|
re-establish a new connection later.
|
|
This option defaults to 100 milliseconds.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-expire-records: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If Redis record expiration is enabled. If yes, Unbound sets timeout for Redis
|
|
records so that Redis can evict keys that have expired automatically. If
|
|
Unbound is configured with \fBserve-expired\fR and \fBserve-expired-ttl\fR is 0,
|
|
this option is internally reverted to "no". Redis SETEX support is required
|
|
for this option (Redis >= 2.0.0).
|
|
This option defaults to no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B redis-logical-db: \fI<logical database index>
|
|
The logical database in Redis to use.
|
|
These are databases in the same Redis instance sharing the same configuration
|
|
and persisted in the same RDB/AOF file.
|
|
If unsure about using this option, Redis documentation
|
|
(https://redis.io/commands/select/) suggests not to use a single Redis instance
|
|
for multiple unrelated applications.
|
|
The default database in Redis is 0 while other logical databases need to be
|
|
explicitly SELECT'ed upon connecting.
|
|
This option defaults to 0.
|
|
.SS DNSTAP Logging Options
|
|
DNSTAP support, when compiled in by using \fB\-\-enable\-dnstap\fR, is enabled
|
|
in the \fBdnstap:\fR section.
|
|
This starts an extra thread (when compiled with threading) that writes
|
|
the log information to the destination. If Unbound is compiled without
|
|
threading it does not spawn a thread, but connects per-process to the
|
|
destination.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-enable: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If dnstap is enabled. Default no. If yes, it connects to the dnstap server
|
|
and if any of the dnstap-log-..-messages options is enabled it sends logs
|
|
for those messages to the server.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-bidirectional: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Use frame streams in bidirectional mode to transfer DNSTAP messages. Default is
|
|
yes.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-socket-path: \fI<file name>
|
|
Sets the unix socket file name for connecting to the server that is
|
|
listening on that socket. Default is "@DNSTAP_SOCKET_PATH@".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-ip: \fI<IPaddress[@port]>
|
|
If "", the unix socket is used, if set with an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)
|
|
that address is used to connect to the server.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-tls: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Set this to use TLS to connect to the server specified in \fBdnstap-ip\fR.
|
|
The default is yes. If set to no, TCP is used to connect to the server.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-tls-server-name: \fI<name of TLS authentication>
|
|
The TLS server name to authenticate the server with. Used when \fBdnstap-tls\fR is enabled. If "" it is ignored, default "".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-tls-cert-bundle: \fI<file name of cert bundle>
|
|
The pem file with certs to verify the TLS server certificate. If "" the
|
|
server default cert bundle is used, or the windows cert bundle on windows.
|
|
Default is "".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-tls-client-key-file: \fI<file name>
|
|
The client key file for TLS client authentication. If "" client
|
|
authentication is not used. Default is "".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-tls-client-cert-file: \fI<file name>
|
|
The client cert file for TLS client authentication. Default is "".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-send-identity: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, the server identity is included in the log messages.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-send-version: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled, the server version if included in the log messages.
|
|
Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-identity: \fI<string>
|
|
The identity to send with messages, if "" the hostname is used.
|
|
Default is "".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-version: \fI<string>
|
|
The version to send with messages, if "" the package version is used.
|
|
Default is "".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-log-resolver-query-messages: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable to log resolver query messages. Default is no.
|
|
These are messages from Unbound to upstream servers.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-log-resolver-response-messages: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable to log resolver response messages. Default is no.
|
|
These are replies from upstream servers to Unbound.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-log-client-query-messages: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable to log client query messages. Default is no.
|
|
These are client queries to Unbound.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-log-client-response-messages: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable to log client response messages. Default is no.
|
|
These are responses from Unbound to clients.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-log-forwarder-query-messages: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable to log forwarder query messages. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnstap-log-forwarder-response-messages: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Enable to log forwarder response messages. Default is no.
|
|
.SS Response Policy Zone Options
|
|
.LP
|
|
Response Policy Zones are configured with \fBrpz:\fR, and each one must have a
|
|
\fBname:\fR. There can be multiple ones, by listing multiple rpz clauses, each
|
|
with a different name. RPZ clauses are applied in order of configuration. The
|
|
\fBrespip\fR module needs to be added to the \fBmodule-config\fR, e.g.:
|
|
\fBmodule-config: "respip validator iterator"\fR.
|
|
.P
|
|
QNAME, Response IP Address, nsdname, nsip and clientip triggers are supported.
|
|
Supported actions are: NXDOMAIN, NODATA, PASSTHRU, DROP, Local Data, tcp\-only
|
|
and drop. RPZ QNAME triggers are applied after \fBlocal\-zones\fR and
|
|
before \fBauth\-zones\fR.
|
|
.P
|
|
The rpz zone is formatted with a SOA start record as usual. The items in
|
|
the zone are entries, that specify what to act on (the trigger) and what to
|
|
do (the action). The trigger to act on is recorded in the name, the action
|
|
to do is recorded as the resource record. The names all end in the zone
|
|
name, so you could type the trigger names without a trailing dot in the
|
|
zonefile.
|
|
.P
|
|
An example RPZ record, that answers example.com with NXDOMAIN
|
|
.nf
|
|
example.com CNAME .
|
|
.fi
|
|
.P
|
|
The triggers are encoded in the name on the left
|
|
.nf
|
|
name query name
|
|
netblock.rpz-client-ip client IP address
|
|
netblock.rpz-ip response IP address in the answer
|
|
name.rpz-nsdname nameserver name
|
|
netblock.rpz-nsip nameserver IP address
|
|
.fi
|
|
The netblock is written as <netblocklen>.<ip address in reverse>.
|
|
For IPv6 use 'zz' for '::'. Specify individual addresses with scope length
|
|
of 32 or 128. For example, 24.10.100.51.198.rpz-ip is 198.51.100.10/24 and
|
|
32.10.zz.db8.2001.rpz-ip is 2001:db8:0:0:0:0:0:10/32.
|
|
.P
|
|
The actions are specified with the record on the right
|
|
.nf
|
|
CNAME . nxdomain reply
|
|
CNAME *. nodata reply
|
|
CNAME rpz-passthru. do nothing, allow to continue
|
|
CNAME rpz-drop. the query is dropped
|
|
CNAME rpz-tcp-only. answer over TCP
|
|
A 192.0.2.1 answer with this IP address
|
|
.fi
|
|
Other records like AAAA, TXT and other CNAMEs (not rpz-..) can also be used to
|
|
answer queries with that content.
|
|
.P
|
|
The RPZ zones can be configured in the config file with these settings in the \fBrpz:\fR block.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B name: \fI<zone name>
|
|
Name of the authority zone.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B primary: \fI<IP address or host name>
|
|
Where to download a copy of the zone from, with AXFR and IXFR. Multiple
|
|
primaries can be specified. They are all tried if one fails.
|
|
To use a nondefault port for DNS communication append '@' with the port number.
|
|
You can append a '#' and a name, then AXFR over TLS can be used and the tls authentication certificates will be checked with that name. If you combine
|
|
the '@' and '#', the '@' comes first.
|
|
If you point it at another Unbound instance, it would not work because
|
|
that does not support AXFR/IXFR for the zone, but if you used \fBurl:\fR to download
|
|
the zonefile as a text file from a webserver that would work.
|
|
If you specify the hostname, you cannot use the domain from the zonefile,
|
|
because it may not have that when retrieving that data, instead use a plain
|
|
IP address to avoid a circular dependency on retrieving that IP address.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B master: \fI<IP address or host name>
|
|
Alternate syntax for \fBprimary\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B url: \fI<url to zonefile>
|
|
Where to download a zonefile for the zone. With http or https. An example
|
|
for the url is "http://www.example.com/example.org.zone". Multiple url
|
|
statements can be given, they are tried in turn. If only urls are given
|
|
the SOA refresh timer is used to wait for making new downloads. If also
|
|
primaries are listed, the primaries are first probed with UDP SOA queries to
|
|
see if the SOA serial number has changed, reducing the number of downloads.
|
|
If none of the urls work, the primaries are tried with IXFR and AXFR.
|
|
For https, the \fBtls\-cert\-bundle\fR and the hostname from the url are used
|
|
to authenticate the connection.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B allow\-notify: \fI<IP address or host name or netblockIP/prefix>
|
|
With allow\-notify you can specify additional sources of notifies.
|
|
When notified, the server attempts to first probe and then zone transfer.
|
|
If the notify is from a primary, it first attempts that primary. Otherwise
|
|
other primaries are attempted. If there are no primaries, but only urls, the
|
|
file is downloaded when notified. The primaries from primary: and url:
|
|
statements are allowed notify by default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B zonefile: \fI<filename>
|
|
The filename where the zone is stored. If not given then no zonefile is used.
|
|
If the file does not exist or is empty, Unbound will attempt to fetch zone
|
|
data (eg. from the primary servers).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rpz\-action\-override: \fI<action>
|
|
Always use this RPZ action for matching triggers from this zone. Possible action
|
|
are: nxdomain, nodata, passthru, drop, disabled and cname.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rpz\-cname\-override: \fI<domain>
|
|
The CNAME target domain to use if the cname action is configured for
|
|
\fBrpz\-action\-override\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rpz\-log: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Log all applied RPZ actions for this RPZ zone. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rpz\-log\-name: \fI<name>
|
|
Specify a string to be part of the log line, for easy referencing.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rpz\-signal\-nxdomain\-ra: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
Signal when a query is blocked by the RPZ with NXDOMAIN with an unset RA flag.
|
|
This allows certain clients, like dnsmasq, to infer that the domain is
|
|
externally blocked. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B for\-downstream: \fI<yes or no>
|
|
If enabled the zone is authoritatively answered for and queries for the RPZ
|
|
zone information are answered to downstream clients. This is useful for
|
|
monitoring scripts, that can then access the SOA information to check if
|
|
the rpz information is up to date. Default is no.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tags: \fI<list of tags>
|
|
Limit the policies from this RPZ clause to clients with a matching tag. Tags
|
|
need to be defined in \fBdefine\-tag\fR and can be assigned to client addresses
|
|
using \fBaccess\-control\-tag\fR. Enclose list of tags in quotes ("") and put
|
|
spaces between tags. If no tags are specified the policies from this clause will
|
|
be applied for all clients.
|
|
.SH "MEMORY CONTROL EXAMPLE"
|
|
In the example config settings below memory usage is reduced. Some service
|
|
levels are lower, notable very large data and a high TCP load are no longer
|
|
supported. Very large data and high TCP loads are exceptional for the DNS.
|
|
DNSSEC validation is enabled, just add trust anchors.
|
|
If you do not have to worry about programs using more than 3 Mb of memory,
|
|
the below example is not for you. Use the defaults to receive full service,
|
|
which on BSD\-32bit tops out at 30\-40 Mb after heavy usage.
|
|
.P
|
|
.nf
|
|
# example settings that reduce memory usage
|
|
server:
|
|
num\-threads: 1
|
|
outgoing\-num\-tcp: 1 # this limits TCP service, uses less buffers.
|
|
incoming\-num\-tcp: 1
|
|
outgoing\-range: 60 # uses less memory, but less performance.
|
|
msg\-buffer\-size: 8192 # note this limits service, 'no huge stuff'.
|
|
msg\-cache\-size: 100k
|
|
msg\-cache\-slabs: 1
|
|
rrset\-cache\-size: 100k
|
|
rrset\-cache\-slabs: 1
|
|
infra\-cache\-numhosts: 200
|
|
infra\-cache\-slabs: 1
|
|
key\-cache\-size: 100k
|
|
key\-cache\-slabs: 1
|
|
neg\-cache\-size: 10k
|
|
num\-queries\-per\-thread: 30
|
|
target\-fetch\-policy: "2 1 0 0 0 0"
|
|
harden\-large\-queries: "yes"
|
|
harden\-short\-bufsize: "yes"
|
|
.fi
|
|
.SH "FILES"
|
|
.TP
|
|
.I @UNBOUND_RUN_DIR@
|
|
default Unbound working directory.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.I @UNBOUND_CHROOT_DIR@
|
|
default
|
|
\fIchroot\fR(2)
|
|
location.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.I @ub_conf_file@
|
|
Unbound configuration file.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.I @UNBOUND_PIDFILE@
|
|
default Unbound pidfile with process ID of the running daemon.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.I unbound.log
|
|
Unbound log file. default is to log to
|
|
\fIsyslog\fR(3).
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\fIunbound\fR(8),
|
|
\fIunbound\-checkconf\fR(8).
|
|
.SH "AUTHORS"
|
|
.B Unbound
|
|
was written by NLnet Labs. Please see CREDITS file
|
|
in the distribution for further details.
|