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.\"     @(#)fstab.5	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.Dd September 29, 2005
.Dt FSTAB 5
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm fstab
.Nd filesystem table for devices, types, and mount points
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In fstab.h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The file
.Nm
contains descriptive information about the various file systems.
.Nm
is only read by programs, and not written;
it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create
and maintain this file.
Each filesystem is described on a separate line;
fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. Lines beginning
with
.Dq #
are comments.
The order of records in
.Nm
is important because
.Xr fsck 8 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
and
.Xr umount 8
sequentially iterate through
.Nm
doing their respective tasks.
.Pp
Each configuration line/record in
.Nm
has the format:
.Dl fs_spec fs_file fs_vfstype fs_mntops fs_freq fs_passno
.Pp
The first field,
.Pq Fa fs_spec ,
describes the block special device or
remote filesystem to be mounted.
For filesystems of type
.Em ffs ,
the special file name is the block special file name,
and not the character special file name.
If a program needs the character special file name,
the program must create it by appending a
.Dq r
after the
last
.Dq /
in the special file name.
.Pp
The second field,
.Pq Fa fs_file ,
describes the mount point for the filesystem.
For swap and dump partitions, this field should be specified as
.Dq none .
.Pp
The third field,
.Pq Fa fs_vfstype ,
describes the type of the filesystem.
The system currently supports these filesystems:
.Bl -tag -width filecore -offset indent
.It Em adosfs
an
.Tn AmigaDOS
filesystem.
.It Em cd9660
an
.Tn ISO
9660 CD-ROM filesystem.
.It Em ext2fs
an implementation of the Linux
.Dq Second Extended File-system .
.It Em fdesc
an implementation of
.Pa /dev/fd .
.It Em ffs
a local
.Ux
filesystem.
.It Em filecore
a filesystem for
.Tn RISC\ OS .
.It Em kernfs
various and sundry kernel statistics.
.It Em lfs
a log-structured file-system.
Currently does not work.
.It Em mfs
a local memory-based
.Ux
filesystem.
.It Em msdos
an
.Tn MS-DOS
.Dq FAT filesystem .
.It Em nfs
a Sun Microsystems compatible
.Dq Network File System .
.It Em ntfs
a filesystem used by
.Tn Windows NT .
Still experimental.
.It Em null
a loop-back filesystem, allowing parts of the system to be viewed
elsewhere.
.It Em overlay
a demonstration of layered filesystems.
.It Em portal
a general filesystem interface, currently supports TCP and FS mounts.
.It Em procfs
a local filesystem of process information.
.It Em ptyfs
a pseudo-terminal device file system.
.It Em smbfs
a shared resource from an SMB/CIFS file server.
.It Em swap
a disk partition to be used for swapping and paging.
.It Em tmpfs
an efficient memory file system.
.It Em umap
a user and group re-mapping filesystem.
.It Em union
a translucent filesystem.
.El
.Pp
The fourth field,
.Pq Fa fs_mntops ,
describes the mount options associated with the filesystem.
It is formatted as a comma separated list of options.
It contains at least the type of mount (see
.Fa fs_type
below) plus any additional options
appropriate to the filesystem type.
.Pp
The option
.Dq auto
can be used in the
.Dq noauto
form to cause
a file system not to be mounted automatically (with
.Dq mount -a
,
or system boot time).
.Pp
If the options
.Dq userquota
and/or
.Dq groupquota
are specified,
the filesystem is automatically processed by the
.Xr quotacheck 8
command, and user and/or group disk quotas are enabled with
.Xr quotaon 8 .
By default,
filesystem quotas are maintained in files named
.Pa quota.user
and
.Pa quota.group
which are located at the root of the associated filesystem.
These defaults may be overridden by putting an equal sign
and an alternative absolute pathname following the quota option.
Thus, if the user quota file for
.Pa /tmp
is stored in
.Pa /var/quotas/tmp.user ,
this location can be specified as:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
userquota=/var/quotas/tmp.user
.Ed
.Pp
The type of the mount is extracted from the
.Fa fs_mntops
field and stored separately in the
.Fa fs_type
field (it is not deleted from the
.Fa fs_mntops
field).
If
.Fa fs_type
is
.Dq rw
or
.Dq ro
then the filesystem whose name is given in the
.Fa fs_file
field is normally mounted read-write or read-only on the
specified special file.
If
.Fa fs_type
is
.Dq sw
or
.Dq dp
then the special file is made available as a piece of swap
or dump
space by the
.Xr swapctl 8
command towards the beginning of the system reboot procedure.
See
.Xr swapctl 8
for more information on configuring swap and dump devices.
The fields other than
.Fa fs_spec
and
.Fa fs_type
are unused.
If
.Fa fs_type
is specified as
.Dq xx
the entry is ignored.
This is useful to show disk partitions which are currently unused.
.Pp
The fifth field,
.Pq Fa fs_freq ,
is used for these filesystems by the
.Xr dump 8
command to determine which filesystems need to be dumped.
If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and
.Xr dump 8
will assume that the filesystem does not need to be dumped.
.Pp
The sixth field,
.Pq Fa fs_passno ,
is used by the
.Xr fsck 8
program to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done
at reboot time.
The root filesystem should be specified with a
.Fa fs_passno
of 1, and other filesystems should have a
.Fa fs_passno
of 2.
Filesystems within a drive will be checked sequentially,
but filesystems on different drives will be checked at the
same time to use parallelism available in the hardware.
If the sixth field is not present or zero,
a value of zero is returned and
.Xr fsck 8
will assume that the filesystem does not need to be checked.
.Bd -literal
#define	FSTAB_RW	"rw"	/* read-write device */
#define	FSTAB_RQ	"rq"	/* read/write with quotas */
#define	FSTAB_RO	"ro"	/* read-only device */
#define	FSTAB_SW	"sw"	/* swap device */
#define	FSTAB_DP	"dp"	/* dump device */
#define	FSTAB_XX	"xx"	/* ignore totally */

struct fstab {
	char	*fs_spec;	/* block special device name */
	char	*fs_file;	/* filesystem path prefix */
	char	*fs_vfstype;	/* type of filesystem */
	char	*fs_mntops;	/* comma separated mount options */
	char	*fs_type;	/* rw, ro, sw, or xx */
	int	fs_freq;	/* dump frequency, in days */
	int	fs_passno;	/* pass number on parallel fsck */
};
.Ed
.Pp
The proper way to read records from
.Pa fstab
is to use the routines
.Xr getfsent 3 ,
.Xr getfsspec 3 ,
and
.Xr getfsfile 3 .
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab
.It Pa /etc/fstab
The location of
.Nm
configuration file.
.It Pa /usr/share/examples/fstab/
Some useful configuration examples.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getfsent 3 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
.Xr swapctl 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
file format appeared in
.Bx 4.0 .