.\"	$NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.14 1998/04/02 09:47:22 hubertf Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)hier.7	8.5 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
.\"
.Dd June 1, 1994
.Dt HIER 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm hier
.Nd layout of filesystems
.Sh DESCRIPTION
An outline of the filesystem hierarchy.
.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/"
.It Sy \&/
root directory of the system
.It Sy /COPYRIGHT
system copyright notice
.It Sy "/[a-z]"
user filesystems
.It Sy /altroot/
alternate root filesystem, in case of disaster
.It Sy /amd/
home directories mount point; see
.Xr amd 8
.It Sy /bin/
utilities used in both single and multi-user environments
.It Sy /dev/
block, character and other special device files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "MAKEDEV" -compact
.It Sy MAKEDEV
script for creating device files;
see
.Xr makedev 8
.It Sy console
the computer's console device
.It Sy fd/
file descriptor files;
see
.Xr \&fd 4
.It Sy drum
system swap space; see
.Xr drum 4
.It Sy klog
kernel logging device; see
.Xr syslog 3
.It Sy kmem
kernel virtual memory device; see
.Xr mem 4
.It Sy log
UNIX domain datagram log socket; see
.Xr syslogd 8
.It Sy mem
kernel physical memory device; see
.Xr mem 4
.It Sy stderr
.It Sy stdin
.It Sy stdout
file descriptor files;
see
.Xr \&fd 4
.It Sy null
the null device; see
.Xr null 4
.It Sy tty
process' controlling terminal device; see
.Xr tty 4
.El
.It Sy /dump/
online
.Xr dump 8
repository
.It Sy /etc/
system configuration files and scripts 
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "master.passwd" -compact
.It Sy aliases*
name alias files for
.Xr sendmail 8
.It Sy amd*
configuration files for
.Xr amd 8
.It Sy changelist
files backed up by the security script
.It Sy crontab
schedule used by the
.Xr cron 8
daemon
.It Sy csh.cshrc
.It Sy csh.login
.It Sy csh.logout
system-wide scripts for
.Xr csh 1
.It Sy daily
script run each day by
.Xr cron 8
.It Sy disklabels/
backup disklabels;
see
.Xr disklabel 8
.It Sy disktab
disk description file, see
.Xr disktab 5
.It Sy dm.conf
dungeon master configuration; see
.Xr dm.conf 5
.It Sy dumpdates
dump history; see
.Xr dump 8
.It Sy exports
filesystem export information; see
.Xr mountd 8
.It Sy fstab
filesystem information; see
.Xr fstab 5
and
.Xr mount 8
.It Sy ftpusers
users denied
.Xr ftp 1
access; see
.Xr ftpd 8
.It Sy ftpwelcome
.Xr ftp 1
initial message; see
.Xr ftpd 8
.It Sy gettytab
terminal configuration database; see
.Xr gettytab 8
.It Sy group
group permissions file; see
.Xr group 5
.It Sy hosts
host name database backup for
.Xr named 8 ;
see
.Xr hosts 5
.It Sy hosts.equiv
trusted machines with equivalent user ID's
.It Sy hosts.lpd
trusted machines with printing privileges
.It Sy inetd.conf
Internet server configuration file; see
.Xr inetd 8
.It Sy kerberosIV/ 
configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
see
.Xr kerberos 1
.It Sy localtime
local timezone information;
see
.Xr ctime 3
.It Sy mail.rc
system-wide initialization script for
.Xr mail 1
.It Sy man.conf
configuration file for
.Xr man 1 ;
see
.Xr man.conf 5
.It Sy master.passwd
.It Sy passwd
.It Sy pwd.db
.It Sy spwd.db
password files and their databases; see
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
.It Sy mk.conf
optional file containing
.Xr make 1
variables, read by pkgsrc and the system sources. 
.It Sy monthly
script run each month by
.Xr cron 8
.It Sy motd
system message of the day
.It Sy mtree/ 
mtree configuration files;
see
.Xr mtree 1
.It Sy named.*
.It Sy namedb/ 
named configuration files and databases;
see
.Xr named 8
.It Sy netgroup
network groups; see
.Xr netgroup 5
.It Sy netstart
network startup script
.It Sy networks
network name data base; see
.Xr networks 5
.It Sy phones
remote host phone number data base; see
.Xr phones 5
.It Sy printcap
system printer configuration; see
.Xr printcap 5
.It Sy protocols
protocol name database; see
.Xr protocols 5
.It Sy rc
.It Sy rc.local
system startup files; see
.Xr rc 8
.It Sy remote
remote host description file; see
.Xr remote 5
.It Sy security
daily (in)security script run by
.Xr cron 8
.It Sy sendmail.*
.Xr sendmail 8
configuration information
.It Sy services
service name data base; see
.Xr services 5
.It Sy shells
list of permitted shells; see
.Xr shells 5
.It Sy sliphome
slip login/logout scripts; see
.Xr slattach 8
.It Sy syslog.conf
.Xr syslogd 8
configuration file; see
.Xr syslog.conf 5
.It Sy termcap
terminal type database; see
.Xr termcap 3
.It Sy ttys
terminal initialization information; see
.Xr ttys 5
.It Sy uucp/
UUCP configuration files; see
.Xr uucp 1 
and
.Xr uucico 8 .
.It Sy weekly
script run each week by
.Xr cron 8
.El
.It Sy /home/
mount point for the automounter; see
.Xr amd 8
.It Sy /mnt/
empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point
.It Sy /netbsd
pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
at boot time).  
.It Sy /root/
home directory for the super-user
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width ".profile" -compact
.It Sy \&.rhosts
super-user id mapping between machines
.It Sy \&.cshrc
super-user start-up file
.It Sy \&.login
super-user start-up file
.It Sy \&.profile
super-user start-up file
.El
.ne 1i
.It Sy /sbin/
system programs and administration utilities
used in both single-user and multi-user environments
.It Sy /stand/
programs used in a standalone environment
.It Sy /sys
symbolic link to the operating system source
.It Sy /tmp/ 
temporary files, usually a
.Xr mfs 8
memory-based filesystem (the contents
of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
.It Sy /usr/
contains the majority of the system utilities and files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
.It Sy X11R6/
X11 files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
.It Sy bin/
X11 binaries
.It Sy include/
X11 include files
.It Sy lib/
X11 libraries
.El
.Pp
.It Sy bin/
common utilities, programming tools, and applications 
.It Sy games/
the important stuff
.It Sy include/
standard C include files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Sy arpa/
include files for Internet service protocols
.It Sy g++/
include files for the C++ compiler
.It Sy kerberosIV/
include files for kerberos authentication package;
see
.Xr kerberos 1
.It Sy machine/
machine specific include files
.It Sy net/
.It Sy netatalk/
C include files for AppleTalk protocols
miscellaneous network include files;
see
.Xr atalk 4
.It Sy netccitt/
CCITT networking include files
.It Sy netinet/
include files for Internet standard protocols; see
.Xr inet 4
.It Sy netiso/
include files for ISO standard protocols; see
.Xr iso 4
.It Sy natm/
C include files for native mode ATM
.It Sy netns/
C include files for XNS standard protocols; see
.Xr \&ns 4
.It Sy nfs/
C include files for NFS (Network File System)
.It Sy protocols/
C include files for Berkeley service protocols
.It Sy sys/
system C include files (kernel data structures)
.It Sy ufs/
C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
.El
.Pp
.It Sy lib/
archive, profiled, position independant archive, and shared libraries
.It Sy libdata/
miscellaneous utility data files
.It Sy libexec/
system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "uucp/" -compact
.It Sy uucp/
UUCP binaries and scripts (historically placed; to be moved)
.El
.Pp
.It Sy local/
local executables, libraries, etc.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
.It Sy bin/
local binaries
.It Sy include/
local include files
.It Sy libexec/
local daemons
.It Sy libdata/
local data files
.El
.Pp
.It Sy mdec/
boot blocks, etc.
.It Sy pkg/
packages maintained by groups other than Berkeley
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
.It Sy bin/
contributed binaries
.It Sy sbin/
contributed system utilities
.It Sy include/
contributed include files
.It Sy libexec/
contributed daemons
.It Sy libdata/
contributed data files
.El
.Pp
.It Sy pkgsrc/
build descriptions ("packages") for the NetBSD packages system.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "distfiles" -compact
.It Sy distfiles
Where unchanged source archives are fetched to/stored
.It Sy packages
Where compiled binary packages are stored
.El
.Pp
There are also several other subdirectories which contain packages of
a certain category, e.g. archivers, graphics, ...
.Pp
.It Sy bin/
contributed binaries
.It Sy obj/
architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
.Pa /usr/src
tree; normally a symbolic link or mounted filesystem
.It Sy sbin/
system daemons and system utilities (normally executed by the super-user)
.It Sy share/
architecture-independent text files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
.It Sy calendar/
a variety of calendar files; see
.Xr calendar 1
.It Sy dict/
word lists;
see
.Xr look 1
and
.Xr spell 1
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "special/" -compact
.It Sy words
common words
.It Sy web2
words of Webster's 2nd International
.It Sy papers/
reference databases;
see
.Xr refer 1
.It Sy special/
custom word lists;
see
.Xr spell 1
.El
.Pp
.It Sy doc/
miscellaneous documentation; source for most of the printed
.Bx 4.3
manuals (available
from the
.Tn USENIX
association)
.It Sy games/
text files used by various games
.It Sy lkm/
documentation on the loadable kernel modules interface
.It Sy man/
formatted manual pages 
.It Sy me/
macros for use with the
.Xr me 7
macro package
.It Sy misc/
miscellaneous system-wide text files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "termcap" -compact
.It Sy termcap
terminal characteristics database;
see
.Xr termcap 5
.El
.Pp
.It Sy mk/
include files for
.Xr make 1
.It Sy ms/
macros for use with the
.Xr ms 7
macro package
.It Sy skel/
sample initialization files for new user accounts
.It Sy tabset/
tab description files for a variety of terminals, used in 
the termcap file;
see
.Xr termcap 5
.It Sy tmac/
text processing macros;
see
.Xr nroff 1
and 
.Xr troff 1
.It Sy zoneinfo/
timezone configuration information;
see
.Xr tzfile 5
.El
.Pp
.El
.Pp
.It Sy /usr/src/
.Bx 4
and local source files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "domestic/" -compact
.It Sy bin/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /bin 
.It Sy contrib/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /usr/contrib
.It Sy distrib/
tools and data-files for making distributions
.It Sy domestic/
source covered by US ITAR export restrictions
.It Sy etc/
source (usually example files) for files in
.Pa /etc
.It Sy games/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /usr/games
.It Sy include/
source for files in
.Pa /usr/include
.It Sy lib/
source for libraries in
.Pa /usr/lib
.It Sy libexec/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /usr/libexec
.It Sy sbin/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /sbin
.It Sy share/
source for files in
.Pa /usr/share
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "doc/" -compact
.It Sy doc/
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "papers/" -compact
.It Sy papers/
source for various Berkeley technical papers
.It Sy psd/
source for Programmer's Supplementary Documents
.It Sy smm/
source for System Manager's Manual
.It Sy usd/
source for User's Supplementary Documents
.Pp
.El
.El
.It Sy sys/
kernel source files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "gdbscripts/" -compact
.It Sy adosfs/
AmigaDOS file-system support; see
.Xr mount_ados 8
.It Sy arch/
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "powerpc/" -compact
.It Sy alpha/
support for the Digital Equipment Corp. Alpha architecture
.It Sy amiga/
support for the Amiga architecture
.It Sy arm32/
support for the ARM32 architecture
.It Sy atari/
support for the Atari architecture
.It Sy bebox/
support for the Be Inc. BeBox architecture
.It Sy hp300/
support for the Hewlett-Packard 9000/300 68000-based workstations
.It Sy i386/
support for the Intel 386/486/Pentium/etc. workstations
.It Sy m68k/
general support for the 68000 processor
.It Sy mac68k/
support for the Apple Computer 68000-based workstations
.It Sy mips/
general support for MIPS architectures
.It Sy mvme68k/
support for the VME 68000-based cards
.It Sy pc532/
support for the pc532 architecture
.It Sy pica/
support for the Acer PICA architecture
.It Sy pmax/
DECstation 3100 and 5000 MIPS-based workstations
.It Sy powerpc/
support for the PowerPC architecture
.It Sy sparc/
support for the Sun Microsystems SPARC architecture
.It Sy sun3/
support for the Sun Microsystems 68000-based architecture
.It Sy sun3x/
more support for the Sun Microsystems 68000-based architecture
.It Sy vax/
Digital Equipment Corp. VAX architecture
.It Sy x68k/
support for the x68k architecture
.El
.Pp
.It Sy compat/
kernel compatibility modules directory
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "ossaudio/" -compact
.It Sy common/
common compatibility routines, old
.Bx 4
and
.Nx
routines.
.It Sy freebsd/
support for
.Fx
binaries; see
.Xr compat_freebsd 8
.It Sy hpux/
support for 68000 HP-UX binaries
.It Sy ibcs2/
support for Intel Binary binaries
.It Sy linux/
support for Linux binaries; see
.Xr compat_linux 8
.It Sy m68k4k/
support for 4Kb page 68000 binaries
.It Sy osf1/
support for Digital UNIX (formerly OSF/1) binaries
.It Sy ossaudio/
support for OSS audio
.It Sy sunos/
support for SunOS 4.x binaries; see
.Xr compat_sunos 8
.It Sy svr4/
support for System V Release 4 binaries; see
.Xr compat_svr4 8
.It Sy ultrix/
support for Ultrix binaries
.El
.Pp
.It Sy conf/
architecture independent configuration directory
.It Sy ddb/
in kernel debugger
.It Sy dev/
architecture independent device support
.It Sy gdbscripts/
support for accessing kernel structures from within the debugger
.Xr gdb 1 .
.It Sy ipkdb/
support for kernel debugging over the network
.It Sy isofs/
support for ISO filesystems
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "cd9660/" -compact
.It Sy cd9660/
support for the ISO-9660 filesystem; see
.Xr mount_cd9660 8
.El
.Pp
.It Sy kern/
support for the high kernel (system calls)
.It Sy lib/
kernel libraries
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "libkern/" -compact
.It Sy libkern/
C library routines used in the kernel
.It Sy libsa/
machine independant stand alone kernel library
.It Sy libz/
compression library
.El
.Pp
.It Sy lkm/
loadable kernel modules
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "netinet/" -compact
.It Sy compat/
LKM support compatibility modules;  currently unsupported.
.It Sy netinet/
LKM support networking modules
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "if_ipl/" -compact
.It Sy if_ipl/
LKM for IP-Filter
.El
.Pp
.It Sy vfs/
LKM support for file systems.
.El
.Pp
.It Sy miscfs/
miscellaneous file systems
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "deadfs/" -compact
.It Sy deadfs/
kernel only dead file system
.It Sy fdesc/
file descriptor file system; see
.Xr mount_fdesc 8
.It Sy fifofs/
POSIX FIFO support
.It Sy genfs/
kernel only generic file system
.It Sy kernfs/
kernel namespace file system; see
.Xr mount_kernfs 8
.It Sy nullfs/
loop back file system; see
.Xr mount_null 8
.It Sy portal/
portal file system; see
.Xr mount_portal 8
.It Sy procfs/
process file system; see
.Xr mount_procfs 8
.It Sy specfs/
kernel only special file system
.It Sy umapfs/
user and group re-mapping file system; see
.Xr mount_umap 8
.It Sy union/
union file system; see
.Xr mount_union 8
.El
.Pp
.It Sy msdosfs/
MS-DOS file system; see
.Xr mount_msdos 8
.It Sy net/
miscellaneous networking support
.It Sy netccitt/
CCITT networking support
.It Sy netinet/
TCP/IP networking support
.It Sy netiso/
ISO networking support
.It Sy netnatm/
ATM networking support
.It Sy netns/
XNS networking support
.It Sy nfs/
NFS support
.It Sy stand/
kernel standalone support
.It Sy sys/
kernel (and system) include files
.It Sy ufs/
local filesystem support
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "ffs/" -compact
.It Sy ffs/
the Berkeley Fast File System
.It Sy lfs/
the log-structured file system
.It Sy mfs/
the in-memory file system
.It Sy ufs/
shared UNIX file system support
.El
.It Sy vm/
virtual memory support
.El
.It Sy usr.bin/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /usr/bin
.It Sy usr.sbin/
source for utilities/files in
.Pa /usr/sbin
.El
.It Sy /var/
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Sy account/ 
system accounting files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "acct" -compact
.It Sy acct
execution accounting file;
see
.Xr acct 5
.El
.Pp
.It Sy at/
timed command scheduling files;
see
.Xr \&at 1
.It Sy backups/
miscellaneous backup files, largely of files found in
.Pa /etc
.It Sy crash/
system crash dumps; see
.Xr savecore 8
.It Sy db/ 
miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
.It Sy games/ 
miscellaneous game status and log files
.It Sy log/ 
miscellaneous system log files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "monthly.out" -compact
.It Sy amd.*
.Xr amd 8
logs
.It Sy daily.out
output of the last run of the
.Pa /etc/daily
script
.It Sy ftp.*
.Xr ftp 1
logs
.It Sy kerberos.*
.Xr kerberos 1
logs
.It Sy lastlog
system last time logged in log; see 
.Xr utmp 5
.It Sy lpd-errs.*
printer daemon error logs; see
.Xr lpd 8
.It Sy maillog.*
.Xr sendmail 8
log files
.It Sy messages.*
general system information log
.It Sy monthly.out
output of the last run of the
.Pa /etc/monthly
script
.It Sy secure
sensitive security information log
.It Sy sendmail.st
.Xr sendmail 8
statistics
.It Sy timed.*
.Xr timed 8
logs
.It Sy weekly.out
output of the last run of the
.Pa /etc/weekly
script
.It Sy wtmp
login/logout log;
see
.Xr utmp 5
.El
.Pp
.It Sy mail/ 
user system mailboxes
.It Sy msgs/
system messages; see
.Xr msgs 1
.It Sy preserve/
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death of
.Xr ex 1
or
.Xr vi 1
.It Sy quotas/ 
filesystem quota information
.It Sy run/
system information files, rebuilt after each reboot
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "utmp" -compact
.It Sy utmp
database of current users; see
.Xr utmp 5
.El
.Pp
.It Sy rwho/ 
rwho data files; see
.Xr rwhod 8 ,
.Xr rwho 1 ,
and
.Xr ruptime 1
.It Sy spool/ 
miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact
.It Sy ftp/ 
commonly
.Dq ~ftp ,
the anonymous ftp root directory; see
.Xr ftpd 8
.It Sy mqueue/ 
undelivered mail queue;
see
.Xr sendmail 8
.It Sy news/
Network news archival and spooling directories
.It Sy output/
printer spooling directories
.It Sy uucp/ 
uucp spool directory
.It Sy uucppublic/
commonly
.Dq ~uucp ,
the uucp public temporary directory; see
.Xr uucp 1
.El
.Pp
.It Sy tmp/ 
temporary files that are not discarded between system reboots
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "vi.recover/" -compact
.It Sy vi.recover/
recovery directory for
.Xr nvi 1
.El
.El
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr apropos 1 ,
.Xr \&ls 1 ,
.Xr whatis 1 ,
.Xr whereis 1 ,
.Xr which 1 ,
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm hier
manual page appeared in
.At v7 .