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.\"     @(#)mount.2	8.3 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
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.Dd February 11, 2006
.Dt MOUNT 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mount ,
.Nm unmount
.Nd mount or dismount a file system
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/param.h
.In sys/mount.h
.Ft int
.Fn mount "const char *type" "const char *dir" "int flags" "void *data"
.Ft int
.Fn unmount "const char *dir" "int flags"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn mount
function grafts
a file system object onto the system file tree
at the point
.Ar dir .
The argument
.Ar data
describes the file system object to be mounted.
The argument
.Ar type
tells the kernel how to interpret
.Ar data
(See
.Ar type
below).
The contents of the file system
become available through the new mount point
.Ar dir .
Any files in
.Ar dir
at the time
of a successful mount are swept under the carpet so to speak, and
are unavailable until the file system is unmounted.
.Pp
The following
.Ar flags
may be specified to
suppress default semantics which affect file system access.
.Bl -tag -width MNT_SYNCHRONOUS
.It Dv MNT_RDONLY
The file system should be treated as read-only;
even the super-user may not write on it.
.It Dv MNT_NOEXEC
Do not allow files to be executed from the file system.
.It Dv MNT_NOSUID
Do not honor setuid or setgid bits on files when executing them.
.It Dv MNT_NODEV
Do not interpret special files on the file system.
.It Dv MNT_UNION
Union with underlying filesystem instead of obscuring it.
.It Dv MNT_SYNCHRONOUS
All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.
.It Dv MNT_ASYNC
All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.
.It Dv MNT_NOCOREDUMP
Do not allow programs to dump core files on the file system.
.It Dv MNT_NOATIME
Never update access time in the file system.
.It Dv MNT_SYMPERM
Recognize the permission of symbolic link when reading or traversing.
.It Dv MNT_NODEVMTIME
Never update modification time of device files.
.It Dv MNT_SOFTDEP
Use soft dependencies.
.El
.Pp
The
.Dv MNT_UPDATE
and the
.Dv MNT_GETARGS
flags indicate that the mount command is being applied
to an already mounted file system.
The
.Dv MNT_UPDATE
flag allows the mount flags to be changed without requiring
that the file system be unmounted and remounted.
Some file systems may not allow all flags to be changed.
For example,
most file systems will not allow a change from read-write to read-only.
The
.Dv MNT_GETARGS
flag does not alter any of the mounted filesystem's properties,
but returns the filesystem-specific arguments for the currently mounted
filesystem.
.Pp
The
.Fa type
argument defines the type of the file system.
The types of file systems known to the system are defined in
.Aq Pa sys/mount.h .
.\" XXX from lite-2:
.\" The types of filesystems known to the system can be obtained with
.\" .Xr sysctl 8
.\" by using the command:
.\" .Bd -literal -offset indent
.\" sysctl vfs
.\" .Ed
.\" .Pp
.Fa data
is a pointer to a structure that contains the type
specific arguments to mount.
The currently supported types of file systems and
their type specific data are:
.Pp
.Dv MOUNT_FFS
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
struct ufs_args {
      char      *fspec;             /* block special file to mount */
      struct    export_args export; /* network export information */
};
.Ed
.Pp
.Dv MOUNT_NFS
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
struct nfs_args {
      int             version;      /* args structure version */
      struct sockaddr *addr;        /* file server address */
      int             addrlen;      /* length of address */
      int             sotype;       /* Socket type */
      int             proto;        /* and Protocol */
      u_char          *fh;          /* File handle to be mounted */
      int             fhsize;       /* Size, in bytes, of fh */
      int             flags;        /* flags */
      int             wsize;        /* write size in bytes */
      int             rsize;        /* read size in bytes */
      int             readdirsize;  /* readdir size in bytes */
      int             timeo;        /* initial timeout in .1 secs */
      int             retrans;      /* times to retry send */
      int             maxgrouplist; /* Max. size of group list */
      int             readahead;    /* # of blocks to readahead */
      int             leaseterm;    /* Term (sec) of lease */
      int             deadthresh;   /* Retrans threshold */
      char            *hostname;    /* server's name */
};
.Ed
.Pp
.Dv MOUNT_MFS
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
struct mfs_args {
      char	*fspec;             /* name to export for statfs */
      struct	export_args export; /* if we can export an MFS */
      caddr_t	base;               /* base of file system in mem */
      u_long	size;               /* size of file system */
};
.Ed
.\" XXX from lite-2:
.\" The format for these argument structures is described in the
.\" manual page for each filesystem.
.\" By convention filesystem manual pages are named
.\" by prefixing ``mount_'' to the name of the filesystem as returned by
.\" .Xr sysctl 8 .
.\" Thus the
.\" .Nm NFS
.\" filesystem is described by the
.\" .Xr mount_nfs 8
.\" manual page.
.Pp
The
.Fn unmount
function call disassociates the file system from the specified
mount point
.Fa dir .
.Pp
The
.Fa flags
argument may specify
.Dv MNT_FORCE
to specify that the file system should be forcibly unmounted even if files are
still active.
Active special devices continue to work,
but any further accesses to any other active files result in errors
even if the file system is later remounted.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn mount
returns the value 0 if the mount was successful, otherwise \-1 is returned
and the variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Pp
.Fn unmount
returns the value 0 if the unmount succeeded; otherwise \-1 is returned
and the variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS
.Fn mount
will fail when one of the following occurs:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EPERM
The caller is not the super-user.
.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
A component of a pathname exceeded
.Dv {NAME_MAX}
characters, or an entire path name exceeded
.Dv {PATH_MAX}
characters.
.It Bq Er ELOOP
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating a pathname.
.It Bq Er ENOENT
A component of
.Fa dir
does not exist.
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
A component of
.Ar name
is not a directory,
or a path prefix of
.Ar special
is not a directory.
.It Bq Er EBUSY
Another process currently holds a reference to
.Fa dir .
.It Bq Er EFAULT
.Fa dir
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.El
.Pp
The following errors can occur for a
.Em ufs
file system mount:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ENODEV
A component of ufs_args
.Ar fspec
does not exist.
.It Bq Er ENOTBLK
.Ar Fspec
is not a block device.
.It Bq Er ENXIO
The major device number of
.Ar fspec
is out of range (this indicates no device driver exists
for the associated hardware).
.It Bq Er EBUSY
.Ar Fspec
is already mounted.
.It Bq Er EMFILE
No space remains in the mount table.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The super block for the file system had a bad magic
number or an out of range block size.
.It Bq Er ENOMEM
Not enough memory was available to read the cylinder
group information for the file system.
.It Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while reading the super block or
cylinder group information.
.It Bq Er EFAULT
.Ar Fspec
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.El
.Pp
The following errors can occur for a
.Em nfs
file system mount:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ETIMEDOUT
.Em Nfs
timed out trying to contact the server.
.It Bq Er EFAULT
Some part of the information described by nfs_args
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.El
.Pp
The following errors can occur for a
.Em mfs
file system mount:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EMFILE
No space remains in the mount table.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The super block for the file system had a bad magic
number or an out of range block size.
.It Bq Er ENOMEM
Not enough memory was available to read the cylinder
group information for the file system.
.It Bq Er EIO
A paging error occurred while reading the super block or
cylinder group information.
.It Bq Er EFAULT
.Em Name
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.El
.Pp
.Fn unmount
may fail with one of the following errors:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EPERM
The caller is not the super-user.
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
A component of the path is not a directory.
.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
A component of a pathname exceeded
.Dv {NAME_MAX}
characters, or an entire path name exceeded
.Dv {PATH_MAX}
characters.
.It Bq Er ELOOP
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The requested directory is not in the mount table.
.It Bq Er EBUSY
A process is holding a reference to a file located
on the file system.
.It Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while writing cached file system information.
.It Bq Er EFAULT
.Fa dir
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.El
.Pp
A
.Em ufs
or
.Em mfs
mount can also fail if the maximum number of file systems are currently
mounted.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getvfsstat 2 ,
.Xr getmntinfo 3 ,
.Xr symlink 7 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8 ,
.Xr umount 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn mount
and
.Fn umount
(now
.Fn unmount )
function calls appeared in
.At v6 .
.Sh BUGS
Some of the error codes need translation to more obvious messages.