/* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.30 1997/06/01 19:34:49 christos Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Mike Muuss. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * P I N G . C * * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * Modified at Uc Berkeley * Record Route and verbose headers - Phil Dykstra, BRL, March 1988. * Multicast options (ttl, if, loop) - Steve Deering, Stanford, August 1988. * ttl, duplicate detection - Cliff Frost, UCB, April 1989 * Pad pattern - Cliff Frost (from Tom Ferrin, UCSF), April 1989 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. */ #ifndef lint static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.30 1997/06/01 19:34:49 christos Exp $"; #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef sgi #include #include #include #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define FLOOD_INTVL 0.01 /* default flood output interval */ #define MAXPACKET (65536-60-8) /* max packet size */ #define F_VERBOSE 0x0001 #define F_QUIET 0x0002 /* minimize all output */ #define F_SEMI_QUIET 0x0004 /* ignore our ICMP errors */ #define F_FLOOD 0x0008 /* flood-ping */ #define F_RECORD_ROUTE 0x0010 /* record route */ #define F_SOURCE_ROUTE 0x0020 /* loose source route */ #define F_PING_FILLED 0x0040 /* is buffer filled with user data? */ #define F_PING_RANDOM 0x0080 /* use random data */ #define F_NUMERIC 0x0100 /* do not do gethostbyaddr() calls */ #define F_TIMING 0x0200 /* room for a timestamp */ #define F_DF 0x0400 /* set IP DF bit */ #define F_SOURCE_ADDR 0x0800 /* set source IP address/interface */ #define F_ONCE 0x1000 /* exit(0) after receiving 1 reply */ #define F_MCAST 0x2000 /* multicast target */ #define F_MCAST_NOLOOP 0x4000 /* no multicast loopback */ /* MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, the * maximum number of received sequence numbers we can track to check * for duplicates. */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 2048) u_char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK/8]; int nrepeats = 0; #define A(seq) rcvd_tbl[(seq/8)%sizeof(rcvd_tbl)] /* byte in array */ #define B(seq) (1 << (seq & 0x07)) /* bit in byte */ #define SET(seq) (A(seq) |= B(seq)) #define CLR(seq) (A(seq) &= (~B(seq))) #define TST(seq) (A(seq) & B(seq)) u_char *packet; int packlen; int pingflags = 0, options; char *fill_pat; int s; /* Socket file descriptor */ #define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval) /* size of timestamp header */ struct sockaddr_in whereto, send_addr; /* Who to ping */ struct sockaddr_in src_addr; /* from where */ struct sockaddr_in loc_addr; /* 127.1 */ int datalen = 64-PHDR_LEN; /* How much data */ #ifdef sgi static char *__progname; #else extern char *__progname; #endif char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; static struct { struct ip o_ip; char o_opt[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; union { u_char u_buf[MAXPACKET]; struct icmp u_icmp; } o_u; } out_pack; #define opack_icmp out_pack.o_u.u_icmp struct ip *opack_ip; char optspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */ int optlen; int npackets; /* total packets to send */ int preload; /* number of packets to "preload" */ int ntransmitted; /* output sequence # = #sent */ int ident; int nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ double interval; /* interval between packets */ struct timeval interval_tv; double tmin = 999999999; double tmax = 0; double tsum = 0; /* sum of all times */ double maxwait = 0; #ifdef SIGINFO int reset_kerninfo; #endif int bufspace = 60*1024; struct timeval now, clear_cache, last_tx, next_tx, first_tx; struct timeval last_rx, first_rx; int lastrcvd = 1; /* last ping sent has been received */ static struct timeval jiggle_time; static int jiggle_cnt, total_jiggled, jiggle_direction = -1; static void doit(void); static void prefinish(int); static void prtsig(int); static void finish(int); static void summary(int); static void pinger(void); static void fill(void); static void rnd_fill(void); static double diffsec(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); static void timevaladd(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); static void sec_to_timeval(const double, struct timeval *); static double timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *); static void pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *); static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, u_int); static void pr_saddr(char *, u_char *); static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr *); static void pr_iph(struct icmp *, int); static void pr_retip(struct icmp *, int); static int pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct sockaddr_in *, int); static void jiggle(int), jiggle_flush(int); static void gethost(const char *, const char *, struct sockaddr_in *, char *, int); static void usage(void); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int c, i, on = 1, hostind = 0; long l; u_char ttl = 0; u_long tos = 0; char *p; #ifdef SIGINFO struct termios ts; #endif #if defined(SIGINFO) && defined(NOKERNINFO) if (tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) { reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts); } #endif while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:dDfg:h:i:I:l:Lnop:PqQrRs:t:T:vw:")) != -1) { switch (c) { case 'c': npackets = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); if (*p != '\0' || npackets <= 0) errx(1, "Bad/invalid number of packets"); break; case 'D': pingflags |= F_DF; break; case 'd': options |= SO_DEBUG; break; case 'f': pingflags |= F_FLOOD; break; case 'h': hostind = optind-1; break; case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ interval = strtod(optarg, &p); if (*p != '\0' || interval <= 0) errx(1, "Bad/invalid interval %s", optarg); break; case 'l': preload = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); if (*p != '\0' || preload < 0) errx(1, "Bad/invalid preload value %s", optarg); break; case 'n': pingflags |= F_NUMERIC; break; case 'o': pingflags |= F_ONCE; break; case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed"); pingflags |= F_PING_FILLED; fill_pat = optarg; break; case 'P': if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED) errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed"); pingflags |= F_PING_RANDOM; break; case 'q': pingflags |= F_QUIET; break; case 'Q': pingflags |= F_SEMI_QUIET; break; case 'r': options |= SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ datalen = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); if (*p != '\0' || datalen <= 0) errx(1, "Bad/invalid packet size %s", optarg); if (datalen > MAXPACKET) errx(1, "packet size is too large"); break; case 'v': pingflags |= F_VERBOSE; break; case 'R': pingflags |= F_RECORD_ROUTE; break; case 'L': pingflags |= F_MCAST_NOLOOP; break; case 't': tos = strtoul(optarg, &p, 0); if (*p != '\0' || tos > 0xFF) errx(1, "bad tos value: %s", optarg); break; case 'T': l = strtol(optarg, &p, 0); if (*p != '\0' || l > 255 || l <= 0) errx(1, "ttl out of range"); ttl = (u_char)l; /* cannot check >255 otherwise */ break; case 'I': pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ADDR; gethost("-I", optarg, &src_addr, 0, 0); break; case 'g': pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ROUTE; gethost("-g", optarg, &send_addr, 0, 0); break; case 'w': maxwait = strtod(optarg, &p); if (*p != '\0' || maxwait <= 0) errx(1, "Bad/invalid maxwait time %s", optarg); break; default: usage(); break; } } if (interval == 0) interval = (pingflags & F_FLOOD) ? FLOOD_INTVL : 1.0; #ifndef sgi if (interval < 1.0 && getuid()) errx(1, "Must be superuser to use < 1 sec ping interval"); #endif sec_to_timeval(interval, &interval_tv); if (npackets != 0) { npackets += preload; } else { npackets = INT_MAX; } if (hostind == 0) { if (optind != argc-1) usage(); else hostind = optind; } else if (hostind >= argc - 1) usage(); gethost("", argv[hostind], &whereto, hostname, sizeof(hostname)); if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr))) pingflags |= F_MCAST; if (!(pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE)) (void) memcpy(&send_addr, &whereto, sizeof(send_addr)); loc_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; loc_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127<<24)+1); if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time them? */ pingflags |= F_TIMING; packlen = datalen + 60 + 76; /* MAXIP + MAXICMP */ if ((packet = (u_char *)malloc(packlen)) == NULL) err(1, "Out of memory"); if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED) { fill(); } else if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) { rnd_fill(); } else { for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; i++) opack_icmp.icmp_data[i] = i; } ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0) err(1, "Cannot create socket"); if (options & SO_DEBUG) { if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) warn("Can't turn on socket debugging"); } if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) { if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) == -1) warn("SO_DONTROUTE"); } if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE) { optspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_LSRR; optspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = optlen = 7; optspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; (void) memcpy(&whereto.sin_addr, &optspace[IPOPT_MINOFF-1], sizeof(whereto.sin_addr)); optspace[optlen++] = IPOPT_NOP; } if (pingflags & F_RECORD_ROUTE) { optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OLEN] = (MAX_IPOPTLEN -1-optlen); optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; optlen = MAX_IPOPTLEN; } /* this leaves opack_ip 0(mod 4) aligned */ opack_ip = (struct ip *)((char *)&out_pack.o_ip + sizeof(out_pack.o_opt) - optlen); (void) memcpy(opack_ip + 1, optspace, optlen); if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(1, "Can't set special IP header"); opack_ip->ip_v = IPVERSION; opack_ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip)+optlen) >> 2; opack_ip->ip_tos = tos; opack_ip->ip_off = (pingflags & F_DF) ? IP_DF : 0; opack_ip->ip_ttl = ttl ? ttl : MAXTTL; opack_ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP; opack_ip->ip_src = src_addr.sin_addr; opack_ip->ip_dst = send_addr.sin_addr; if (pingflags & F_MCAST) { if (pingflags & F_MCAST_NOLOOP) { u_char loop = 0; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, (char *) &loop, 1) < 0) err(1, "Can't disable multicast loopback"); } if (ttl != 0 && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, (char *) &ttl, 1) < 0) err(1, "Can't set multicast time-to-live"); if ((pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, (char *) &src_addr.sin_addr, sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0) err(1, "Can't set multicast source interface"); } else if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR) { if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, (char *) &src_addr.sin_addr, sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0) err(1, "Can't set source interface/address"); } (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, inet_ntoa(whereto.sin_addr), datalen); /* When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot * of answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you * are trying to stress the ethernet, or just want to * fill the arp cache to get some stuff for /etc/ethers. */ while (0 > setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace))) { if ((bufspace -= 4096) == 0) err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size"); } /* make it possible to send giant probes, but do not worry now * if it fails, since we probably won't send giant probes. */ (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)); (void)signal(SIGINT, prefinish); #ifdef SIGINFO (void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig); #else (void)signal(SIGQUIT, prtsig); #endif (void)signal(SIGCONT, prtsig); #ifdef sgi /* run with a non-degrading priority to improve the delay values. */ (void) cap_schedctl(NDPRI, 0, NDPHIMAX); #endif /* fire off them quickies */ for (i = 0; i < preload; i++) { (void)gettimeofday(&now, 0); pinger(); } doit(); return 0; } static void doit(void) { int cc; struct sockaddr_in from; int fromlen; double sec, last, d_last; struct timeval timeout; fd_set fdmask; (void)gettimeofday(&clear_cache,0); if (maxwait != 0) { last = timeval_to_sec(&clear_cache) + maxwait; d_last = 0; } else { last = 0; d_last = 365*24*60*60; } FD_ZERO(&fdmask); do { (void)gettimeofday(&now,0); if (last != 0) d_last = last - timeval_to_sec(&now); if (ntransmitted < npackets && d_last > 0) { /* send if within 100 usec or late for next packet */ sec = diffsec(&next_tx,&now); if (sec <= 0.0001 || (lastrcvd && (pingflags & F_FLOOD))) { pinger(); sec = diffsec(&next_tx,&now); } if (sec < 0.0) sec = 0.0; if (d_last < sec) sec = d_last; } else { /* For the last response, wait twice as long as the * worst case seen, or 10 times as long as the * maximum interpacket interval, whichever is longer. */ sec = MAX(2*tmax,10*interval) - diffsec(&now,&last_tx); if (d_last < sec) sec = d_last; if (sec <= 0) break; } sec_to_timeval(sec, &timeout); FD_SET(s, &fdmask); cc = select(s+1, &fdmask, 0, 0, &timeout); if (cc <= 0) { if (cc < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; jiggle_flush(1); err(1, "select"); } continue; } fromlen = sizeof(from); cc = recvfrom(s, (char *) packet, packlen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen); if (cc < 0) { if (errno != EINTR) { jiggle_flush(1); warn("recvfrom"); (void)fflush(stderr); } continue; } (void)gettimeofday(&now, 0); pr_pack(packet, cc, &from); } while (nreceived < npackets && (nreceived == 0 || !(pingflags & F_ONCE))); finish(0); } static void jiggle_flush(int nl) /* new line if there are dots */ { int serrno = errno; if (jiggle_cnt > 0) { total_jiggled += jiggle_cnt; jiggle_direction = 1; do { (void)putchar('.'); } while (--jiggle_cnt > 0); } else if (jiggle_cnt < 0) { total_jiggled -= jiggle_cnt; jiggle_direction = -1; do { (void)putchar('\b'); } while (++jiggle_cnt < 0); } if (nl) { if (total_jiggled != 0) (void)putchar('\n'); total_jiggled = 0; jiggle_direction = -1; } (void)fflush(stdout); (void)fflush(stderr); jiggle_time = now; errno = serrno; } /* jiggle the cursor for flood-ping */ static void jiggle(int delta) { double dt; if (pingflags & F_QUIET) return; /* do not back up into messages */ if (total_jiggled+jiggle_cnt+delta < 0) return; jiggle_cnt += delta; /* flush the FLOOD dots when things are quiet * or occassionally to make the cursor jiggle. */ dt = diffsec(&last_tx, &jiggle_time); if (dt > 0.2 || (dt >= 0.15 && delta*jiggle_direction < 0)) jiggle_flush(0); } /* * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first PHDR_LEN bytes * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ static void pinger(void) { int i, cc, sw; opack_icmp.icmp_code = 0; opack_icmp.icmp_seq = htons((u_short)(ntransmitted)); /* clear the cached route in the kernel after an ICMP * response such as a Redirect is seen to stop causing * more such packets. Also clear the cached route * periodically in case of routing changes that make * black holes come and go. */ if (clear_cache.tv_sec != now.tv_sec) { opack_icmp.icmp_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY; opack_icmp.icmp_id = ~ident; opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = 0; opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short*)&opack_icmp, PHDR_LEN); sw = 0; if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&sw,sizeof(sw)) < 0) err(1, "Can't turn off special IP header"); if (sendto(s, (char *) &opack_icmp, PHDR_LEN, MSG_DONTROUTE, (struct sockaddr *)&loc_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) err(1, "failed to clear cached route"); sw = 1; if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&sw, sizeof(sw)) < 0) err(1, "Can't set special IP header"); (void)gettimeofday(&clear_cache,0); } opack_icmp.icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; opack_icmp.icmp_id = ident; if (pingflags & F_TIMING) (void) memcpy(&opack_icmp.icmp_data[0], &now, sizeof(now)); cc = datalen+PHDR_LEN; opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = 0; opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short*)&opack_icmp, cc); cc += opack_ip->ip_hl<<2; opack_ip->ip_len = cc; i = sendto(s, (char *) opack_ip, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&send_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); if (i != cc) { jiggle_flush(1); if (i < 0) warn("sendto"); else warnx("wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d", hostname, cc, i); (void)fflush(stderr); } lastrcvd = 0; CLR(ntransmitted); ntransmitted++; last_tx = now; if (next_tx.tv_sec == 0) { first_tx = now; next_tx = now; } /* Transmit regularly, at always the same microsecond in the * second when going at one packet per second. * If we are at most 100 ms behind, send extras to get caught up. * Otherwise, skip packets we were too slow to send. */ if (diffsec(&next_tx, &now) <= interval) { do { timevaladd(&next_tx, &interval_tv); } while (diffsec(&next_tx, &now) < -0.1); } if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) jiggle(1); /* While the packet is going out, ready buffer for the next * packet. Use a fast but not very good random number generator. */ if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) rnd_fill(); } static void pr_pack_sub(int cc, char *addr, int seqno, int dupflag, int ttl, double triptime) { jiggle_flush(1); if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) return; (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, addr, seqno); if (dupflag) (void)printf(" DUP!"); (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ttl); if (pingflags & F_TIMING) (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime*1000.0); } /* * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ static void pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from) { struct ip *ip; register struct icmp *icp; register int i, j; register u_char *cp; static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; int hlen, dupflag = 0, dumped; double triptime = 0.0; #define PR_PACK_SUB() {if (!dumped) { \ dumped = 1; \ pr_pack_sub(cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr), \ ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq), \ dupflag, ip->ip_ttl, triptime);}} /* Check the IP header */ ip = (struct ip *) buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) { jiggle_flush(1); (void)printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); } return; } /* Now the ICMP part */ dumped = 0; cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY && icp->icmp_id == ident) { if (icp->icmp_seq == htons((u_short)(ntransmitted-1))) lastrcvd = 1; last_rx = now; if (first_rx.tv_sec == 0) first_rx = last_rx; nreceived++; if (pingflags & F_TIMING) { struct timeval tv; (void) memcpy(&tv, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(tv)); triptime = diffsec(&last_rx, &tv); tsum += triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } if (TST(ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq))) { nrepeats++, nreceived--; dupflag=1; } else { SET(ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq)); } if (pingflags & F_QUIET) return; if (!(pingflags & F_FLOOD)) PR_PACK_SUB(); /* check the data */ if (datalen > PHDR_LEN && !(pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) && memcmp(&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN], &opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN], datalen-PHDR_LEN)) { for (i=PHDR_LEN; iicmp_data[PHDR_LEN+i] != opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+i]) break; } PR_PACK_SUB(); (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should have been" " %#x but was %#x", i, (u_char)opack_icmp.icmp_data[i], (u_char)icp->icmp_data[i]); for (i=PHDR_LEN; iicmp_data[i]); } } } else { if (!pr_icmph(icp, from, cc)) return; dumped = 2; } /* Display any IP options */ cp = buf + sizeof(struct ip); while (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) { switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: hlen -= 2; j = *++cp; ++cp; j -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (j <= 0) continue; if (dumped <= 1) { j = ((j+3)/4)*4; hlen -= j; cp += j; break; } PR_PACK_SUB(); (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); for (;;) { pr_saddr("\t%s", cp); cp += 4; hlen -= 4; j -= 4; if (j <= 0) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_RR: j = *++cp; /* get length */ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ hlen -= 2; if (i > j) i = j; i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (i <= 0) continue; if (dumped <= 1) { if (i == old_rrlen && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i)) { if (dumped) (void)printf("\t(same route)"); j = ((i+3)/4)*4; hlen -= j; cp += j; break; } old_rrlen = i; (void) memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); } if (!dumped) { jiggle_flush(1); (void)printf("RR: "); dumped = 1; } else { (void)printf("\nRR: "); } for (;;) { pr_saddr("\t%s", cp); cp += 4; hlen -= 4; i -= 4; if (i <= 0) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_NOP: if (dumped <= 1) break; PR_PACK_SUB(); (void)printf("\nNOP"); break; #ifdef sgi case IPOPT_SECURITY: /* RFC 1108 RIPSO BSO */ case IPOPT_ESO: /* RFC 1108 RIPSO ESO */ case IPOPT_CIPSO: /* Commercial IPSO */ if ((sysconf(_SC_IP_SECOPTS)) > 0) { i = (unsigned)cp[1]; hlen -= i - 1; PR_PACK_SUB(); (void)printf("\nSEC:"); while (i--) { (void)printf(" %02x", *cp++); } cp--; break; } #endif default: PR_PACK_SUB(); (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); break; } hlen--; cp++; } if (dumped) { (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); } else { jiggle(-1); } } /* Compute the IP checksum * This assumes the packet is less than 32K long. */ static u_short in_cksum(u_short *p, u_int len) { u_int sum = 0; int nwords = len >> 1; while (nwords-- != 0) sum += *p++; if (len & 1) { union { u_short w; u_char c[2]; } u; u.c[0] = *(u_char *)p; u.c[1] = 0; sum += u.w; } /* end-around-carry */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); sum += (sum >> 16); return (~sum); } /* * compute the difference of two timevals in seconds */ static double diffsec(struct timeval *now, struct timeval *then) { return ((now->tv_sec - then->tv_sec)*1.0 + (now->tv_usec - then->tv_usec)/1000000.0); } static void timevaladd(struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t2) { t1->tv_sec += t2->tv_sec; if ((t1->tv_usec += t2->tv_usec) > 1000000) { t1->tv_sec++; t1->tv_usec -= 1000000; } } static void sec_to_timeval(const double sec, struct timeval *tp) { tp->tv_sec = sec; tp->tv_usec = (sec - tp->tv_sec) * 1000000.0; } static double timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *tp) { return tp->tv_sec + tp->tv_usec / 1000000.0; } /* * Print statistics. * Heavily buffered STDIO is used here, so that all the statistics * will be written with 1 sys-write call. This is nice when more * than one copy of the program is running on a terminal; it prevents * the statistics output from becomming intermingled. */ static void summary(int header) { jiggle_flush(1); if (header) (void)printf("\n----%s PING Statistics----\n", hostname); (void)printf("%d packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); (void)printf("%d packets received, ", nreceived); if (nrepeats) (void)printf("+%d duplicates, ", nrepeats); if (ntransmitted) { if (nreceived > ntransmitted) (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); else (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", (int) (((ntransmitted-nreceived)*100) / ntransmitted)); } (void)printf("\n"); if (nreceived && (pingflags & F_TIMING)) { (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", tmin*1000.0, (tsum/(nreceived+nrepeats))*1000.0, tmax*1000.0); if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) { double r = diffsec(&last_rx, &first_rx); double t = diffsec(&last_tx, &first_tx); if (r == 0) r = 0.0001; if (t == 0) t = 0.0001; (void)printf(" %.1f packets/sec sent, " " %.1f packets/sec received\n", ntransmitted/t, nreceived/r); } } } /* * Print statistics when SIGINFO is received. */ /* ARGSUSED */ static void prtsig(int s) { summary(0); #ifdef SIGINFO (void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig); #else (void)signal(SIGQUIT, prtsig); #endif } /* * On the first SIGINT, allow any outstanding packets to dribble in */ static void prefinish(int s) { if (lastrcvd /* quit now if caught up */ || nreceived == 0) /* or if remote is dead */ finish(0); signal(s, finish); /* do this only the 1st time */ if (npackets > ntransmitted) /* let the normal limit work */ npackets = ntransmitted; } /* * Print statistics and give up. */ /* ARGSUSED */ static void finish(int s) { #if defined(SIGINFO) && defined(NOKERNINFO) struct termios ts; if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) { ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts); } (void)signal(SIGINFO, SIG_IGN); #else (void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL); #endif summary(1); exit(nreceived > 0 ? 0 : 2); } static int /* 0=do not print it */ ck_pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct sockaddr_in *from, int cc, int override) /* 1=override VERBOSE if interesting */ { int hlen; struct ip ip; struct icmp icp2; int res; if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) { res = 1; jiggle_flush(1); } else { res = 0; } (void) memcpy(&ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(ip)); hlen = ip.ip_hl << 2; if (ip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP && hlen + 6 <= cc) { (void) memcpy(&icp2, &icp->icmp_data[hlen], sizeof(icp2)); if (icp2.icmp_id == ident) { /* remember to clear route cached in kernel * if this ICMP message was for one of our packet. */ clear_cache.tv_sec = 0; if (!res && override && (pingflags & (F_QUIET|F_SEMI_QUIET)) == 0) { jiggle_flush(1); (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(&from->sin_addr)); res = 1; } } } return res; } /* * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header other than an echo reply. */ static int /* 0=printed nothing */ pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct sockaddr_in *from, int cc) { switch (icp->icmp_type ) { case ICMP_UNREACH: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) return 0; switch (icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: (void)printf("frag needed and DF set. Next MTU=%d", icp->icmp_nextmtu); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: (void)printf("Source Route Failed"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN: (void)printf("Unreachable unknown net"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN: (void)printf("Unreachable unknown host"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED: (void)printf("Unreachable host isolated"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB: (void)printf("Net prohibited access"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB: (void)printf("Host prohibited access"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET: (void)printf("Bad TOS for net"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Bad TOS for host"); break; case 13: (void)printf("Communication prohibited"); break; case 14: (void)printf("Host precedence violation"); break; case 15: (void)printf("Precedence cutoff"); break; default: (void)printf("Bad Destination Unreachable Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ pr_retip(icp, cc); break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) return 0; (void)printf("Source Quench"); pr_retip(icp, cc); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) return 0; switch (icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: (void)printf("Redirect: Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: (void)printf("Redirect: Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: (void)printf("Redirect: Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Redirect: Type of Service and Host"); break; default: (void)printf("Redirect: Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } (void)printf(" New addr: %s", pr_addr(&icp->icmp_hun.ih_gwaddr)); pr_retip(icp, cc); break; case ICMP_ECHO: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Echo Request: ID=%d seq=%d", icp->icmp_id, icp->icmp_seq); break; case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: /* displaying other's pings is too noisey */ #if 0 if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Echo Reply: ID=%d seq=%d", icp->icmp_id, icp->icmp_seq); break; #else return 0; #endif case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Router Discovery Advert"); break; case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Router Discovery Solicit"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) return 0; switch (icp->icmp_code ) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: (void)printf("Time To Live exceeded"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded"); break; default: (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } pr_retip(icp, cc); break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1)) return 0; (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x", icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); pr_retip(icp, cc); break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Timestamp"); break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Timestamp Reply"); break; case ICMP_IREQ: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Information Request"); break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Information Reply"); break; case ICMP_MASKREQ: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Address Mask Request"); break; case ICMP_MASKREPLY: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Address Mask Reply"); break; default: if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0)) return 0; (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp_type); if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) pr_iph(icp, cc); } return 1; } /* * Print an IP header with options. */ static void pr_iph(struct icmp *icp, int cc) { int hlen; u_char *cp; struct ip ip; (void) memcpy(&ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(ip)); hlen = ip.ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[20]; /* point to options */ (void)printf("\n Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip.ip_v, ip.ip_hl, ip.ip_tos, ip.ip_len, ip.ip_id); (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip.ip_off)&0xe000)>>13, (ip.ip_off)&0x1fff); (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip.ip_ttl, ip.ip_p, ip.ip_sum); (void)printf(" %15s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip.ip_src.s_addr)); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip.ip_dst.s_addr)); /* dump any option bytes */ while (hlen-- > 20 && cp < (u_char*)icp+cc) { (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); } } /* * Print an ASCII host address starting from a string of bytes. */ static void pr_saddr(char *pat, u_char *cp) { register n_long l; struct in_addr addr; l = (u_char)*++cp; l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp; l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp; l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp; addr.s_addr = htonl(l); (void)printf(pat, (l == 0) ? "0.0.0.0" : pr_addr(&addr)); } /* * Return an ASCII host address * as a dotted quad and optionally with a hostname */ static char * pr_addr(struct in_addr *addr) /* in network order */ { struct hostent *hp; static char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN+4+16+1]; if ((pingflags & F_NUMERIC) || !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)addr, sizeof(*addr), AF_INET))) { (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*addr)); } else { (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, inet_ntoa(*addr)); } return buf; } /* * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. */ static void pr_retip(struct icmp *icp, int cc) { int hlen; u_char *cp; struct ip ip; (void) memcpy(&ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(ip)); if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) pr_iph(icp, cc); hlen = ip.ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[hlen]; if (ip.ip_p == IPPROTO_TCP) { if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) (void)printf("\n TCP: from port %u, to port %u", (*cp*256+*(cp+1)), (*(cp+2)*256+*(cp+3))); } else if (ip.ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP) { if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) (void)printf("\n UDP: from port %u, to port %u", (*cp*256+*(cp+1)), (*(cp+2)*256+*(cp+3))); } else if (ip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) { struct icmp icp2; (void) memcpy(&icp2, cp, sizeof(icp2)); if (icp2.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) { if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) (void)printf("\n ID=%u icmp_seq=%u", icp2.icmp_id, icp2.icmp_seq); else (void)printf(" for icmp_seq=%u", icp2.icmp_seq); } } } static void fill(void) { register int i, j, k; char *cp; int pat[16]; for (cp = fill_pat; *cp != '\0'; cp++) { if (!isxdigit(*cp)) break; } if (cp == fill_pat || *cp != '\0' || (cp-fill_pat) > 16*2) { (void)fflush(stdout); errx(1, "\"-p %s\": patterns must be specified with" " 1-32 hex digits\n", fill_pat); } i = sscanf(fill_pat, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); for (k=PHDR_LEN, j = 0; k <= datalen; k++) { opack_icmp.icmp_data[k] = pat[j]; if (++j >= i) j = 0; } if (!(pingflags & F_QUIET)) { (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (j=0; j>8; } } static void gethost(const char *arg, const char *name, struct sockaddr_in *sa, char *realname, int realname_len) { struct hostent *hp; bzero(sa, sizeof(*sa)); sa->sin_family = AF_INET; /* If it is an IP address, try to convert it to a name to * have something nice to display. */ if (inet_aton(name, &sa->sin_addr) != 0) { if (realname) { if (pingflags & F_NUMERIC) hp = 0; else hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&sa->sin_addr, sizeof(sa->sin_addr), AF_INET); (void)strncpy(realname, hp ? hp->h_name : name, realname_len); realname[realname_len-1] = '\0'; } return; } hp = gethostbyname(name); if (!hp) errx(1, "Cannot resolve \"%s\" (%s)",name,hstrerror(h_errno)); if (hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET) errx(1, "%s only supported with IP", arg); bcopy(hp->h_addr, &sa->sin_addr, sizeof(sa->sin_addr)); if (realname) { (void)strncpy(realname, hp->h_name, realname_len); realname[realname_len-1] = '\0'; } } static void usage(void) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: \n" "%s [-dDfnqrvRLP] [-c count] [-s size] [-l preload]" " [-p pattern]\n" " [-i interval] [-i maxwait] [-t tos] [-T ttl]" " [-I addr] [-g gateway] host\n", __progname); exit(1); }