.rn '' }` ''' ''' .de Sh .br .if t .Sp .ne 5 .PP \fB\\$1\fR .PP .. .de Sp .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Ip .br .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 .el .ne 3 .IP "\\$1" \\$2 .. .de Vb .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve .ft R .fi .. ''' ''' ''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash; ''' string Tr holds user defined translation string. ''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character. ''' .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr .ie n \{\ .ds -- \(*W- .ds PI pi .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch .ds L" "" .ds R" "" ''' \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of ''' \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines, ''' such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of ''' double-quote interpretation .ds M" """ .ds S" """ .ds N" """"" .ds T" """"" .ds L' ' .ds R' ' .ds M' ' .ds S' ' .ds N' ' .ds T' ' 'br\} .el\{\ .ds -- \(em\| .tr \*(Tr .ds L" `` .ds R" '' .ds M" `` .ds S" '' .ds N" `` .ds T" '' .ds L' ` .ds R' ' .ds M' ` .ds S' ' .ds N' ` .ds T' ' .ds PI \(*p 'br\} .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate .\" index entries out stderr for the following things: .\" TH Title .\" SH Header .\" Sh Subsection .\" Ip Item .\" X<> Xref (embedded .\" Of course, you have to process the output yourself .\" in some meaninful fashion. .if \nF \{ .de IX .tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. .nr % 0 .rr F .\} .TH X509 1 "0.9.5a" "22/Jul/2000" "OpenSSL" .UC .if n .hy 0 .if n .na .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .de CQ \" put $1 in typewriter font .ft CW 'if n "\c 'if t \\&\\$1\c 'if n \\&\\$1\c 'if n \&" \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 '.ft R .. .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2 . \" AM - accent mark definitions .bd B 3 . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] \fP .\} .if t \{\ . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds ? ? . ds ! ! . ds / . ds q .\} .if t \{\ . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10' . ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' . ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u' .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#] .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E . \" corrections for vroff .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga' . ds _ \h'-1'^ . ds . \h'-1'. . ds 3 3 . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE . ds oe oe . ds Oe OE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C .SH "NAME" x509 \- Certificate display and signing utility .SH "SYNOPSIS" \fBopenssl\fR \fBx509\fR [\fB\-inform DER|PEM|NET\fR] [\fB\-outform DER|PEM|NET\fR] [\fB\-keyform DER|PEM\fR] [\fB\-CAform DER|PEM\fR] [\fB\-CAkeyform DER|PEM\fR] [\fB\-in filename\fR] [\fB\-out filename\fR] [\fB\-serial\fR] [\fB\-hash\fR] [\fB\-subject\fR] [\fB\-issuer\fR] [\fB\-startdate\fR] [\fB\-enddate\fR] [\fB\-purpose\fR] [\fB\-dates\fR] [\fB\-modulus\fR] [\fB\-fingerprint\fR] [\fB\-alias\fR] [\fB\-noout\fR] [\fB\-trustout\fR] [\fB\-clrtrust\fR] [\fB\-clrreject\fR] [\fB\-addtrust arg\fR] [\fB\-addreject arg\fR] [\fB\-setalias arg\fR] [\fB\-days arg\fR] [\fB\-signkey filename\fR] [\fB\-x509toreq\fR] [\fB\-req\fR] [\fB\-CA filename\fR] [\fB\-CAkey filename\fR] [\fB\-CAcreateserial\fR] [\fB\-CAserial filename\fR] [\fB\-text\fR] [\fB\-C\fR] [\fB\-md2|\-md5|\-sha1|\-mdc2\fR] [\fB\-clrext\fR] [\fB\-extfile filename\fR] [\fB\-extensions section\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" The \fBx509\fR command is a multi purpose certificate utility. It can be used to display certificate information, convert certificates to various forms, sign certificate requests like a \*(L"mini CA\*(R" or edit certificate trust settings. .PP Since there are a large number of options they will split up into various sections. .SH "INPUT, OUTPUT AND GENERAL PURPOSE OPTIONS" .Ip "\fB\-inform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0|\s-1NET\s0\fR" 4 This specifies the input format normally the command will expect an X509 certificate but this can change if other options such as \fB\-req\fR are present. The \s-1DER\s0 format is the \s-1DER\s0 encoding of the certificate and \s-1PEM\s0 is the base64 encoding of the \s-1DER\s0 encoding with header and footer lines added. The \s-1NET\s0 option is an obscure Netscape server format that is now obsolete. .Ip "\fB\-outform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0|\s-1NET\s0\fR" 4 This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the \fB\-inform\fR option. .Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 This specifies the input filename to read a certificate from or standard input if this option is not specified. .Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 This specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by default. .Ip "\fB\-md2|\-md5|\-sha1|\-mdc2\fR" 4 the digest to use. This affects any signing or display option that uses a message digest, such as the \fB\-fingerprint\fR, \fB\-signkey\fR and \fB\-\s-1CA\s0\fR options. If not specified then \s-1MD5\s0 is used. If the key being used to sign with is a \s-1DSA\s0 key then this option has no effect: \s-1SHA1\s0 is always used with \s-1DSA\s0 keys. .SH "DISPLAY OPTIONS" Note: the \fB\-alias\fR and \fB\-purpose\fR options are also display options but are described in the \fBTRUST OPTIONS\fR section. .Ip "\fB\-text\fR" 4 prints out the certificate in text form. Full details are output including the public key, signature algorithms, issuer and subject names, serial number any extensions present and any trust settings. .Ip "\fB\-noout\fR" 4 this option prevents output of the encoded version of the request. .Ip "\fB\-modulus\fR" 4 this option prints out the value of the modulus of the public key contained in the certificate. .Ip "\fB\-serial\fR" 4 outputs the certificate serial number. .Ip "\fB\-hash\fR" 4 outputs the \*(L"hash\*(R" of the certificate subject name. This is used in OpenSSL to form an index to allow certificates in a directory to be looked up by subject name. .Ip "\fB\-subject\fR" 4 outputs the subject name. .Ip "\fB\-issuer\fR" 4 outputs the issuer name. .Ip "\fB\-startdate\fR" 4 prints out the start date of the certificate, that is the notBefore date. .Ip "\fB\-enddate\fR" 4 prints out the expiry date of the certificate, that is the notAfter date. .Ip "\fB\-dates\fR" 4 prints out the start and expiry dates of a certificate. .Ip "\fB\-fingerprint\fR" 4 prints out the digest of the \s-1DER\s0 encoded version of the whole certificate. .Ip "\fB\-C\fR" 4 this outputs the certificate in the form of a C source file. .SH "TRUST SETTINGS" Please note these options are currently experimental and may well change. .PP A \fBtrusted certificate\fR is an ordinary certificate which has several additional pieces of information attached to it such as the permitted and prohibited uses of the certificate and an \*(L"alias\*(R". .PP Normally when a certificate is being verified at least one certificate must be \*(L"trusted\*(R". By default a trusted certificate must be stored locally and must be a root CA: any certificate chain ending in this CA is then usable for any purpose. .PP Trust settings currently are only used with a root CA. They allow a finer control over the purposes the root CA can be used for. For example a CA may be trusted for SSL client but not SSL server use. .PP See the description of the \fBverify\fR utility for more information on the meaning of trust settings. .PP Future versions of OpenSSL will recognize trust settings on any certificate: not just root CAs. .Ip "\fB\-trustout\fR" 4 this causes \fBx509\fR to output a \fBtrusted\fR certificate. An ordinary or trusted certificate can be input but by default an ordinary certificate is output and any trust settings are discarded. With the \fB\-trustout\fR option a trusted certificate is output. A trusted certificate is automatically output if any trust settings are modified. .Ip "\fB\-setalias arg\fR" 4 sets the alias of the certificate. This will allow the certificate to be referred to using a nickname for example \*(L"Steve's Certificate\*(R". .Ip "\fB\-alias\fR" 4 outputs the certificate alias, if any. .Ip "\fB\-clrtrust\fR" 4 clears all the permitted or trusted uses of the certificate. .Ip "\fB\-clrreject\fR" 4 clears all the prohibited or rejected uses of the certificate. .Ip "\fB\-addtrust arg\fR" 4 adds a trusted certificate use. Any object name can be used here but currently only \fBclientAuth\fR (\s-1SSL\s0 client use), \fBserverAuth\fR (\s-1SSL\s0 server use) and \fBemailProtection\fR (S/\s-1MIME\s0 email) are used. Other OpenSSL applications may define additional uses. .Ip "\fB\-addreject arg\fR" 4 adds a prohibited use. It accepts the same values as the \fB\-addtrust\fR option. .Ip "\fB\-purpose\fR" 4 this option performs tests on the certificate extensions and outputs the results. For a more complete description see the \fB\s-1CERTIFICATE\s0 \s-1EXTENSIONS\s0\fR section. .SH "SIGNING OPTIONS" The \fBx509\fR utility can be used to sign certificates and requests: it can thus behave like a \*(L"mini CA\*(R". .Ip "\fB\-signkey filename\fR" 4 this option causes the input file to be self signed using the supplied private key. .Sp If the input file is a certificate it sets the issuer name to the subject name (i.e. makes it self signed) changes the public key to the supplied value and changes the start and end dates. The start date is set to the current time and the end date is set to a value determined by the \fB\-days\fR option. Any certificate extensions are retained unless the \fB\-clrext\fR option is supplied. .Sp If the input is a certificate request then a self signed certificate is created using the supplied private key using the subject name in the request. .Ip "\fB\-clrext\fR" 4 delete any extensions from a certificate. This option is used when a certificate is being created from another certificate (for example with the \fB\-signkey\fR or the \fB\-\s-1CA\s0\fR options). Normally all extensions are retained. .Ip "\fB\-keyform \s-1PEM\s0|\s-1DER\s0\fR" 4 specifies the format (\s-1DER\s0 or \s-1PEM\s0) of the private key file used in the \fB\-signkey\fR option. .Ip "\fB\-days arg\fR" 4 specifies the number of days to make a certificate valid for. The default is 30 days. .Ip "\fB\-x509toreq\fR" 4 converts a certificate into a certificate request. The \fB\-signkey\fR option is used to pass the required private key. .Ip "\fB\-req\fR" 4 by default a certificate is expected on input. With this option a certificate request is expected instead. .Ip "\fB\-\s-1CA\s0 filename\fR" 4 specifies the \s-1CA\s0 certificate to be used for signing. When this option is present \fBx509\fR behaves like a \*(L"mini \s-1CA\s0\*(R". The input file is signed by this \s-1CA\s0 using this option: that is its issuer name is set to the subject name of the \s-1CA\s0 and it is digitally signed using the CAs private key. .Sp This option is normally combined with the \fB\-req\fR option. Without the \fB\-req\fR option the input is a certificate which must be self signed. .Ip "\fB\-CAkey filename\fR" 4 sets the \s-1CA\s0 private key to sign a certificate with. If this option is not specified then it is assumed that the \s-1CA\s0 private key is present in the \s-1CA\s0 certificate file. .Ip "\fB\-CAserial filename\fR" 4 sets the \s-1CA\s0 serial number file to use. .Sp When the \fB\-\s-1CA\s0\fR option is used to sign a certificate it uses a serial number specified in a file. This file consist of one line containing an even number of hex digits with the serial number to use. After each use the serial number is incremented and written out to the file again. .Sp The default filename consists of the \s-1CA\s0 certificate file base name with \*(L".srl\*(R" appended. For example if the \s-1CA\s0 certificate file is called \*(L"mycacert.pem\*(R" it expects to find a serial number file called \*(L"mycacert.srl\*(R". .Ip "\fB\-CAcreateserial filename\fR" 4 with this option the \s-1CA\s0 serial number file is created if it does not exist: it will contain the serial number \*(L"02\*(R" and the certificate being signed will have the 1 as its serial number. Normally if the \fB\-\s-1CA\s0\fR option is specified and the serial number file does not exist it is an error. .Ip "\fB\-extfile filename\fR" 4 file containing certificate extensions to use. If not specified then no extensions are added to the certificate. .Ip "\fB\-extensions section\fR" 4 the section to add certificate extensions from. If this option is not specified then the extensions should either be contained in the unnamed (default) section or the default section should contain a variable called \*(L"extensions\*(R" which contains the section to use. .SH "EXAMPLES" Note: in these examples the \*(L'\e\*(R' means the example should be all on one line. .PP Display the contents of a certificate: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl x509 -in cert.pem -noout -text .Ve Display the certificate serial number: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl x509 -in cert.pem -noout -serial .Ve Display the certificate MD5 fingerprint: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl x509 -in cert.pem -noout -fingerprint .Ve Display the certificate SHA1 fingerprint: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl x509 -sha1 -in cert.pem -noout -fingerprint .Ve Convert a certificate from PEM to DER format: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl x509 -in cert.pem -inform PEM -out cert.der -outform DER .Ve Convert a certificate to a certificate request: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl x509 -x509toreq -in cert.pem -out req.pem -signkey key.pem .Ve Convert a certificate request into a self signed certificate using extensions for a CA: .PP .Vb 2 \& openssl x509 -req -in careq.pem -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_ca \e \& -signkey key.pem -out cacert.pem .Ve Sign a certificate request using the CA certificate above and add user certificate extensions: .PP .Vb 2 \& openssl x509 -req -in req.pem -config openssl.cnf -extensions v3_usr \e \& -CA cacert.pem -CAkey key.pem -CAcreateserial .Ve Set a certificate to be trusted for SSL client use and change set its alias to \*(L"Steve's Class 1 CA\*(R" .PP .Vb 2 \& openssl x509 -in cert.pem -addtrust sslclient \e \& -alias "Steve's Class 1 CA" -out trust.pem .Ve .SH "NOTES" The PEM format uses the header and footer lines: .PP .Vb 2 \& -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE---- \& -----END CERTIFICATE---- .Ve it will also handle files containing: .PP .Vb 2 \& -----BEGIN X509 CERTIFICATE---- \& -----END X509 CERTIFICATE---- .Ve Trusted certificates have the lines .PP .Vb 2 \& -----BEGIN TRUSTED CERTIFICATE---- \& -----END TRUSTED CERTIFICATE---- .Ve The \fB\-fingerprint\fR option takes the digest of the DER encoded certificate. This is commonly called a \*(L"fingerprint\*(R". Because of the nature of message digests the fingerprint of a certificate is unique to that certificate and two certificates with the same fingerprint can be considered to be the same. .PP The Netscape fingerprint uses MD5 whereas MSIE uses SHA1. .SH "CERTIFICATE EXTENSIONS" The \fB\-purpose\fR option checks the certificate extensions and determines what the certificate can be used for. The actual checks done are rather complex and include various hacks and workarounds to handle broken certificates and software. .PP The same code is used when verifying untrusted certificates in chains so this section is useful if a chain is rejected by the verify code. .PP The basicConstraints extension CA flag is used to determine whether the certificate can be used as a CA. If the CA flag is true then it is a CA, if the CA flag is false then it is not a CA. \fBAll\fR CAs should have the CA flag set to true. .PP If the basicConstraints extension is absent then the certificate is considered to be a \*(L"possible CA\*(R" other extensions are checked according to the intended use of the certificate. A warning is given in this case because the certificate should really not be regarded as a CA: however it is allowed to be a CA to work around some broken software. .PP If the certificate is a V1 certificate (and thus has no extensions) and it is self signed it is also assumed to be a CA but a warning is again given: this is to work around the problem of Verisign roots which are V1 self signed certificates. .PP If the keyUsage extension is present then additional restraints are made on the uses of the certificate. A CA certificate \fBmust\fR have the keyCertSign bit set if the keyUsage extension is present. .PP The extended key usage extension places additional restrictions on the certificate uses. If this extension is present (whether critical or not) the key can only be used for the purposes specified. .PP A complete description of each test is given below. The comments about basicConstraints and keyUsage and V1 certificates above apply to \fBall\fR CA certificates. .Ip "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Client\fR" 4 The extended key usage extension must be absent or include the \*(L"web client authentication\*(R" \s-1OID\s0. keyUsage must be absent or it must have the digitalSignature bit set. Netscape certificate type must be absent or it must have the \s-1SSL\s0 client bit set. .Ip "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Client \s-1CA\s0\fR" 4 The extended key usage extension must be absent or include the \*(L"web client authentication\*(R" \s-1OID\s0. Netscape certificate type must be absent or it must have the \s-1SSL\s0 \s-1CA\s0 bit set: this is used as a work around if the basicConstraints extension is absent. .Ip "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Server\fR" 4 The extended key usage extension must be absent or include the \*(L"web server authentication\*(R" and/or one of the \s-1SGC\s0 OIDs. keyUsage must be absent or it must have the digitalSignature, the keyEncipherment set or both bits set. Netscape certificate type must be absent or have the \s-1SSL\s0 server bit set. .Ip "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Server \s-1CA\s0\fR" 4 The extended key usage extension must be absent or include the \*(L"web server authentication\*(R" and/or one of the \s-1SGC\s0 OIDs. Netscape certificate type must be absent or the \s-1SSL\s0 \s-1CA\s0 bit must be set: this is used as a work around if the basicConstraints extension is absent. .Ip "\fBNetscape \s-1SSL\s0 Server\fR" 4 For Netscape \s-1SSL\s0 clients to connect to an \s-1SSL\s0 server it must have the keyEncipherment bit set if the keyUsage extension is present. This isn't always valid because some cipher suites use the key for digital signing. Otherwise it is the same as a normal \s-1SSL\s0 server. .Ip "\fBCommon S/\s-1MIME\s0 Client Tests\fR" 4 The extended key usage extension must be absent or include the \*(L"email protection\*(R" \s-1OID\s0. Netscape certificate type must be absent or should have the S/\s-1MIME\s0 bit set. If the S/\s-1MIME\s0 bit is not set in netscape certificate type then the \s-1SSL\s0 client bit is tolerated as an alternative but a warning is shown: this is because some Verisign certificates don't set the S/\s-1MIME\s0 bit. .Ip "\fBS/\s-1MIME\s0 Signing\fR" 4 In addition to the common S/\s-1MIME\s0 client tests the digitalSignature bit must be set if the keyUsage extension is present. .Ip "\fBS/\s-1MIME\s0 Encryption\fR" 4 In addition to the common S/\s-1MIME\s0 tests the keyEncipherment bit must be set if the keyUsage extension is present. .Ip "\fBS/\s-1MIME\s0 \s-1CA\s0\fR" 4 The extended key usage extension must be absent or include the \*(L"email protection\*(R" \s-1OID\s0. Netscape certificate type must be absent or must have the S/\s-1MIME\s0 \s-1CA\s0 bit set: this is used as a work around if the basicConstraints extension is absent. .Ip "\fB\s-1CRL\s0 Signing\fR" 4 The keyUsage extension must be absent or it must have the \s-1CRL\s0 signing bit set. .Ip "\fB\s-1CRL\s0 Signing \s-1CA\s0\fR" 4 The normal \s-1CA\s0 tests apply. Except in this case the basicConstraints extension must be present. .SH "BUGS" The way DNs are printed is in a \*(L"historical SSLeay\*(R" format which doesn't follow any published standard. It should follow some standard like RFC2253 or RFC1779 with options to make the stuff more readable. .PP Extensions in certificates are not transferred to certificate requests and vice versa. .PP It is possible to produce invalid certificates or requests by specifying the wrong private key or using inconsistent options in some cases: these should be checked. .PP There should be options to explicitly set such things as start and end dates rather than an offset from the current time. .PP The code to implement the verify behaviour described in the \fBTRUST SETTINGS\fR is currently being developed. It thus describes the intended behavior rather than the current behaviour. It is hoped that it will represent reality in OpenSSL 0.9.5 and later. .SH "SEE ALSO" the \fIreq(1)|req(1)\fR manpage, the \fIca(1)|ca(1)\fR manpage, the \fIgenrsa(1)|genrsa(1)\fR manpage, the \fIgendsa(1)|gendsa(1)\fR manpage, the \fIverify(1)|verify(1)\fR manpage .rn }` '' .IX Title "X509 1" .IX Name "x509 - Certificate display and signing utility" .IX Header "NAME" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "INPUT, OUTPUT AND GENERAL PURPOSE OPTIONS" .IX Item "\fB\-inform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0|\s-1NET\s0\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-outform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0|\s-1NET\s0\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-in filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-out filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-md2|\-md5|\-sha1|\-mdc2\fR" .IX Header "DISPLAY OPTIONS" .IX Item "\fB\-text\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-noout\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-modulus\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-serial\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-hash\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-subject\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-issuer\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-startdate\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-enddate\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-dates\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-fingerprint\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-C\fR" .IX Header "TRUST SETTINGS" .IX Item "\fB\-trustout\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-setalias arg\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-alias\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-clrtrust\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-clrreject\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-addtrust arg\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-addreject arg\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-purpose\fR" .IX Header "SIGNING OPTIONS" .IX Item "\fB\-signkey filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-clrext\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-keyform \s-1PEM\s0|\s-1DER\s0\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-days arg\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-x509toreq\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-req\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-\s-1CA\s0 filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-CAkey filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-CAserial filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-CAcreateserial filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-extfile filename\fR" .IX Item "\fB\-extensions section\fR" .IX Header "EXAMPLES" .IX Header "NOTES" .IX Header "CERTIFICATE EXTENSIONS" .IX Item "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Client\fR" .IX Item "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Client \s-1CA\s0\fR" .IX Item "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Server\fR" .IX Item "\fB\s-1SSL\s0 Server \s-1CA\s0\fR" .IX Item "\fBNetscape \s-1SSL\s0 Server\fR" .IX Item "\fBCommon S/\s-1MIME\s0 Client Tests\fR" .IX Item "\fBS/\s-1MIME\s0 Signing\fR" .IX Item "\fBS/\s-1MIME\s0 Encryption\fR" .IX Item "\fBS/\s-1MIME\s0 \s-1CA\s0\fR" .IX Item "\fB\s-1CRL\s0 Signing\fR" .IX Item "\fB\s-1CRL\s0 Signing \s-1CA\s0\fR" .IX Header "BUGS" .IX Header "SEE ALSO"