.\" $NetBSD: newfs_msdos.8,v 1.11 2003/04/24 12:23:43 wiz Exp $
.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" From: $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8,v 1.13 2001/08/14 10:01:48 ru Exp $
.\"
.Dd April 21, 2003
.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm newfs_msdos
.Nd construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl N
.Op Fl B Ar boot
.Op Fl F Ar FAT-type
.Op Fl I Ar volid
.Op Fl L Ar label
.Op Fl O Ar OEM
.Op Fl S Ar sector-size
.Op Fl a Ar FAT-size
.Op Fl b Ar block-size
.Op Fl c Ar cluster-size
.Op Fl e Ar dirents
.Op Fl f Ar format
.Op Fl h Ar heads
.Op Fl i Ar info
.Op Fl k Ar backup
.Op Fl m Ar media
.Op Fl n Ar FATs
.Op Fl o Ar hidden
.Op Fl r Ar reserved
.Op Fl s Ar total
.Op Fl u Ar track-size
.Ar special
.Op Ar disktype
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device
.Ar special ,
using
.Xr disktab 5
entry
.Ar disktype
to determine geometry, if required.
.Pp
The options are as follow:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl N
Don't create a file system: just print out parameters.
.It Fl B Ar boot
Get bootstrap from file.
.It Fl F Ar FAT-type
FAT type (one of 12, 16, or 32).
.It Fl I Ar volid
Volume ID.
.It Fl L Ar label
Volume label (up to 11 characters).
The label should consist of only those characters permitted
in regular DOS (8+3) filenames.
.It Fl O Ar OEM
OEM string (up to 8 characters).
The default is
.Qq Li "BSD  4.4" .
.It Fl S Ar sector-size
Number of bytes per sector.
Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range 128 through 32768.
.It Fl a Ar FAT-size
Number of sectors per FAT.
.It Fl b Ar block-size
File system block size (bytes per cluster).
This should resolve to an acceptable number of sectors
per cluster (see below).
.It Fl c Ar cluster-size
Sectors per cluster.
Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range 1 through 128.
.It Fl e Ar dirents
Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only).
.It Fl f Ar format
Specify a standard (floppy disk) format.
The standard formats are (capacities in kilobytes):
160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200, 1232, 1440, 2880.
.It Fl h Ar heads
Number of drive heads.
.It Fl i Ar info
Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only).
A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector.
.It Fl k Ar backup
Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only).
A value of 0xffff signifies no backup sector.
.It Fl m Ar media
Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff).
.It Fl n Ar FATs
Number of FATs.
Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive.
The default is 2.
.It Fl o Ar hidden
Number of hidden sectors.
.It Fl r Ar reserved
Number of reserved sectors.
.It Fl s Ar total
File system size.
.It Fl u Ar track-size
Number of sectors per track.
.El
.Pp
If
.Nm
receives a
.Dv SIGINFO
signal
(see the
.Sy status
argument for
.Xr stty 1 ) ,
a line will be written to the standard error output indicating
the name of the device currently being formatted, the sector
number being written, and the total number of sectors to be written.
.Sh NOTES
FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter
Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual
file system.
For reference purposes, this structure is presented below.
.Bd -literal
struct bsbpb {
    u_int16_t	bps;		/* [-S] bytes per sector */
    u_int8_t	spc;		/* [-c] sectors per cluster */
    u_int16_t	res;		/* [-r] reserved sectors */
    u_int8_t	nft;		/* [-n] number of FATs */
    u_int16_t	rde;		/* [-e] root directory entries */
    u_int16_t	sec;		/* [-s] total sectors */
    u_int8_t	mid;		/* [-m] media descriptor */
    u_int16_t	spf;		/* [-a] sectors per FAT */
    u_int16_t	spt;		/* [-u] sectors per track */
    u_int16_t	hds;		/* [-h] drive heads */
    u_int32_t	hid;		/* [-o] hidden sectors */
    u_int32_t	bsec;		/* [-s] big total sectors */
};
/* FAT32 extensions */
struct bsxbpb {
    u_int32_t	bspf;		/* [-a] big sectors per FAT */
    u_int16_t	xflg;		/* control flags */
    u_int16_t	vers;		/* file system version */
    u_int32_t	rdcl;		/* root directory start cluster */
    u_int16_t	infs;		/* [-i] file system info sector */
    u_int16_t	bkbs;		/* [-k] backup boot sector */
};
.Ed
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal -offset indent
newfs_msdos /dev/ad0s1
.Ed
.Pp
Create a file system, using default parameters, on
.Pa /dev/ad0s1 .
.Bd -literal -offset indent
newfs_msdos -f 1440 -L foo fd0
.Ed
.Pp
Create a standard 1.44M file system, with volume label
.Ar foo ,
on
.Pa /dev/fd0 .
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Exit status is 0 on success and 1 on error.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr disktab 5 ,
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
.Xr fdisk 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in
.Fx 3.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Robert Nordier Aq rnordier@FreeBSD.org .