.\" $NetBSD: prep,v 1.10 2000/10/21 04:49:26 mbw Exp $ . .Ss2 Configuring your ROM . Before you start, you should configure your ROM. There are three categories of ROM: ``sunmon'' (sometimes called Restricted Prompt, sun monitor, or old command mode), OpenBoot PROM 1, and OpenBoot PROM 2. The sun4 machines only have sunmon. Some of the early sun4c models default to sunmon but have OpenBoot PROM 1 (OBP1). The later sun4c models and all sun4m models have OBP2. .Pp First, you should set your system to always use the OpenBoot PROM (sometimes called ``new command mode'') if it defaults to sunmon. The .Nx kernel relies on some of the functionality provided by the OBP. If your machine gives you a `\*>' prompt instead of an `ok' prompt, type: .Pp .Dl \*> Ic n .Dl ok Ic setenv sunmon-compat? false .Dl ok .Pp Next, if you are using any security features of OBP, you should turn them off -- NetBSD can't deal well with this. .Dl ok Ic setenv security-mode none .Pp The OBP1 machines (SPARCstation/server 1, SPARCstation/server 1+, IPC, and SLC) have an odd SCSI quirk you should be aware of. There are three SCSI addressing schemes used by your system: SCSI ID (set by physical jumpers on the device), SCSI target (set by OBP1, based on its SCSI ID), and the name you reference within an operating system (set by the kernel, based on the SCSI target). .Pp Sun shipped these systems with the internal drive at SCSI ID 0. The default value of the OBP variable .Pa sd-targets is .Pa 31204567. The means that the device at SCSI ID 3 is at SCSI target 0, and the SCSI device at ID 0 is at target 3. When you type ``boot scsi(0,0,0)'', OBP will boot from target 0 (that is, SCSI ID 3). The SunOS kernel is hard-wired to map sd0 to SCSI target 3, and sd3 to SCSI target 0. This means that SCSI ID 0 (target 3) is sd0, SCSI ID 1 (target 1) is sd1, and so on. Essentially, SunOS reverses the OBP target remapping. .Bl -column -offset indent SCSI\ ID SCSI\ Target SunOS\ SD-Unit .It Em SCSI-ID Ta Em SCSI\ Target Ta Em SunOS\ SD-Unit .It \~\~\~0 Ta \~\~\~3 Ta \~\~\~sd0 .It \~\~\~1 Ta \~\~\~1 Ta \~\~\~sd1 .It \~\~\~2 Ta \~\~\~2 Ta \~\~\~sd2 .It \~\~\~3 Ta \~\~\~0 Ta \~\~\~sd3 .It \~\~\~4 Ta \~\~\~4 Ta \~\~\~st0 .It \~\~\~5 Ta \~\~\~5 Ta \~\~\~st1 .It \~\~\~6 Ta \~\~\~6 Ta \~\~\~cdrom .El .Pp The .Nx kernel is not hard-wired in this manner and names the disks in the order that the targets are probed (01234567). If you only have one disk, it is always sd0 irregardless of its SCSI ID or target, and there are no problems. If you have two disks, one at SCSI ID 2 (target 2) and SCSI ID 3 (target 0), then they are recognized as sd1 and sd0 respectively. This can be a problem if you are not aware of it, particularly when creating an fstab. .Pp There are two approaches to fixing this problem: changing OBP1, and changing the .Nx kernel. To get OBP1 to number the SCSI targets the same as the SCSI IDs, you need to run this command: .Dl ok Ic setenv sd-targets 01234567 This may, however, cause problems if you were to later attempt to use SunOS on this machine or if you reset the OBP variables. .Pp The other approach is to use a .Nx kernel that reverses this odd target mapping by treating target 0 (i.e. SCSI ID 3) as sd3 and target 3 (i.e. SCSI ID 0) as sd0. The GENERIC_SCSI3 kernel performs this target remapping, but the GENERIC and INSTALL kernels do not. .Pp .(Note This is also a concern when you start building your own customised kernels. .Note) .Pp The machines with OBP2 (SPARCstation/server 2, ELC, IPX, and all sun4m models) do not have this target mapping problem. You should be aware, however, that some models have their internal hard drives fixed at SCSI ID 3, so it may still be advantageous to use the GENERIC_SCSI3 kernel to ensure that your internal drive shows up as sd0. . .Ss2 Determining how to access your SCSI disk from the ROM . sunmon and OBP1 use a strange .Ic sd( Ns Ar c,u,p Ns Ic \&) syntax to address SCSI devices. OBP2 uses a more intuitive syntax using device aliases. .Pp To calculate the parameters for sunmon and OBP1: .(tag xcc .It Ar c specifies the SCSI controller number (first is 0, second is 1, ...) .It Ar u the hexadecimal number obtained from evaluating the expression `(8 * TARGET) + LUN' .It Ar p the partition number from which to boot (0=`a', 1=`b', etc). .tag) Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive (first SCSI bus, target 0, lun 0, partition 1), one would use: .Dl ok Ic "boot sd(0,0,1)" To boot from a CD-ROM (first SCSI bus, target 6, lun 0, partition dynamically determined), one would use: .Dl ok Ic "boot sd(0,30,)" And, to boot from the fourth (`d', typically .Pa usr ) partition on an external hard drive (first SCSI bus, target 2, lun 0, partition 3), one would use: .Dl ok Ic "boot sd(0,10,3)" .Pp Now, for OBP2, SCSI devices are specified by an OpenBOOT .Pa devalias which provides simple mnemonics for the full path to the device. Type .Pa devalias in OBP2 to get a list of all of the available aliases. Just the alias and partition are necessary when booting. .Pp Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive (OBP2 assumes the internal hard drive is at target 3), one would use: .Dl ok Ic "boot disk:b" To boot from a CD-ROM (OBP2 assumes the CD-ROM is at target 6), one would use: .Dl ok Ic "boot cdrom" And, to boot from the fourth (`d', typically .Pa usr Ns ) partition on an external hard drive (target 2, partition 3), one would use: .Dl ok Ic "boot disk2:d" .Pp The full device path specifier for OBP2 depends on how OBP2 recognizes your SCSI controller. Typically, one would use something like: .Pa /sbus/esp/sd@ Ns Ar t,p where t is the SCSI target and p is the partition number. . .Ss2 Deciding on partition sizes . If you're installing .Nx*M for the first time it's a good idea to look at the partition sizes of disk you intend installing NetBSD on. .Pp Asumming a classic partition scheme with root (`/') and /usr filesystems, a comfortable size for the NetBSD root filesystem partition is about 20 MB; a good initial size for the swap partition is twice the amount of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike SunOS 4.x, there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition that would render part of your memory unusable). A full binary installation takes about 60 MB in `/usr'. . .Ss2 Configuration of network interfaces . Some network devices (i.e. the built-in `le' interface on sun4m machines) allow a choice between operating on a UTP or a AUI port. The `le' driver supports automatic detection of the port which is actually connected to the wire. Additionally, some of the Fast ethernet devices (such as `be', `hme', `qec', and `qfe') support selection of various speeds and options. The default is to attempt to automatically detect the speed. .Pp If automatic detection is not available or not working properly in your environment, you may have to specify the type connection using the `media' parameter of ifconfig(8). During installation, you'll get the opportunity to specify the appropriate medium. Use ``10base5'' or ``AUI'' to select the AUI connector, or ``10baseT'' or ``UTP'' to select the UTP connector. Fast ethernet interfaces default to ``auto'', which usually does not detect properly and runs at ``10BaseT'' speed. The options are ``10baseT'', ``100baseTX'', and ``auto''. The hme and qfe interfaces also allow ``10baseT-FDX'' and ``100baseTX-FDX''.