NEW SENDMAIL CONFIGURATION FILES Eric Allman @(#)README 8.3 (Berkeley) 7/13/93 This document describes the sendmail configuration files being used at Berkeley. These use features in the new (R6) sendmail, and although there is an ``OLDSENDMAIL'' mode, they haven't really been tested on old versions of sendmail and cannot be expected to work well. These configuration files are probably not as general as previous versions, and don't handle as many of the wierd cases automagically. I was able to simplify by them for two reasons. First, the network has become more consistent -- for example, at this point, everyone on the internet is supposed to be running a name server, so hacks to handle NIC-registered hosts can go away. Second, I assumed that a subdomain would be running SMTP internally -- UUCP is presumed to be a long-haul protocol. I realize that this is not universal, but it does describe the vast majority of sites with which I am familiar, including those outside the US. Of course, the downside of this is that if you do live in a wierd world, things are going to get wierder for you. I'm sorry about that, but at the time we at Berkeley had a problem, and it seemed like the right thing to do. This package requires a post-V7 version of m4; if you are running the 4.2bsd, SysV.2, or 7th Edition version, I suggest finding a friend with a newer version. You can m4-expand on their system, then run locally. SunOS's /usr/5bin/m4 or BSD-Net/2's m4 both work. GNU m4 (which is a language unto itself) also works, but I don't intend to work so hard to keep this up in the future. [Note to GNU folks: the construct "define(`FOO')" should work without my having to add a null value.] IF YOU DON'T HAVE A BERKELEY MAKE, don't despair! Just run "m4 foo.mc > foo.cf" -- that should be all you need. To get started, you may want to look at tcpproto.mc (for TCP-only sites) and uucpproto.m4 (for UUCP-only sites). Others are versions that we use at Berkeley, although not all are in current use. For example, ucbarpa has gone away, but I've left ucbarpa.mc in because it demonstrates some interesting techniques. I'm not pretending that this README describes everything that these configuration files can do; clever people can probably tweak them to great effect. But it should get you started. +--------------------------+ | INTRODUCTION AND EXAMPLE | +--------------------------+ Configuration files are contained in the subdirectory "cf", with a suffix ".mc". They must be run through "m4" to produce a ".cf" file. Let's examine a typical .mc file (cf/cs-exposed.mc): divert(-1) # # Copyright (c) 1983 Eric P. Allman # Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California. # All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted # provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are # duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, # advertising materials, and other materials related to such # distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed # by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the # University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived # from this software without specific prior written permission. # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED # WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. # The divert(-1) will delete the crud in the resulting output file. The copyright notice is what your lawyers require. Our lawyers require the one that I've included in my files. A copyleft is a copyright by another name. The next line MUST be include(`../m4/cf.m4') This will pull in the M4 macros you will need to make sense of everything else. As the saying goes, don't think about it, just do it. If you don't do it, don't bother reading the rest of this file. VERSIONID(`') VERSIONID is a macro that stuffs the version information into the resulting file. We use SCCS; you could use RCS, something else, or omit it completely. This is not the same as the version id included in SMTP greeting messages -- this is defined in m4/version.m4. DOMAIN(cs.exposed) This example exposes the host inside of the CS subdomain -- that is, it doesn't try to hide the name of the workstation to the outside world. Changing this to DOMAIN(cs.hidden) would have made outgoing messages refer to "@CS.Berkeley.EDU" instead of using the local hostname. Internaly this is effected by using "MASQUERADE_AS(CS.Berkeley.EDU)". MAILER(smtp) These describe the mailers used at the default CS site site. The local mailer is always included automatically. +--------+ | OSTYPE | +--------+ Note that cf/cs-exposed.mc omits an OSTYPE macro -- this assumes default Computer Science Division environment. There are several explicit environments available: bsd4.3, bsd4.4, hpux, irix, osf1, riscos4.5, sunos3.5, sunos4.1, and ultrix4.1. These change things like the location of the alias file and queue directory. Some of these files are identical to one another. Operating system definitions are easy to write. They may define the following variables (everything defaults, so an ostype file may be empty). ALIAS_FILE [/etc/aliases] The location of the text version of the alias file(s). It can be a comma-separated list of names. HELP_FILE [/usr/lib/sendmail.hf] The name of the file containing information printed in response to the SMTP HELP command. QUEUE_DIR [/var/spool/mqueue] The directory containing queue files. STATUS_FILE [/etc/sendmail.st] The file containing status information. LOCAL_MAILER_PATH [/bin/mail] The program used to deliver local mail. LOCAL_MAILER_FLAGS [rn] The flags used by the local mailer. The flags lsDFMm are always included. LOCAL_MAILER_ARGS [mail -d $u] The arguments passed to deliver local mail. LOCAL_SHELL_PATH [/bin/sh] The shell used to deliver piped email. LOCAL_SHELL_FLAGS [eu] The flags used by the shell mailer. The flags lsDFM are always included. LOCAL_SHELL_ARGS [sh -c $u] The arguments passed to deliver "prog" mail. USENET_MAILER_PATH [/usr/lib/news/inews] The name of the program used to submit news. USENET_MAILER_FLAGS [rlsDFMmn] The mailer flags for the usenet mailer. USENET_MAILER_ARGS [-m -h -n] The command line arguments for the usenet mailer. SMTP_MAILER_FLAGS [undefined] Flags added to SMTP mailer. UUCP_MAILER_FLAGS [undefined] Flags added to UUCP mailer. UUCP_MAILER_ARGS [uux - -r -z -a$f -gC $h!rmail ($u)] The arguments passed to the UUCP mailer. UUCP_MAX_SIZE [100000] The maximum size message accepted for transmission by the UUCP mailers. HOSTMAP_SPEC [dbm -o /etc/hostmap] The value for the builtin hostmap key definition. You can redefine this to change the class, flags, and filename of the hostmap. The default flag (-o) makes this map optional. In addition, the following boolean flags may be defined -- the value is ignored. NEED_DOMAIN If set, the $j macro is defined as $w.$D. If not set, $j is defined as $w. If this is set, the domain must be defined using the line DD (probably in the domain file, but possibly in the .mc file). You will only need this if you define your system hostname without a domain (type "hostname" -- if it has no dots in the output, you qualify) AND if you are not running the nameserver AND if the first (canonical) name in /etc/hosts for your machine has no domain -- OR if you are running Ultrix or OSF/1 sendmail. Either of these is probably a mistake. +---------+ | DOMAINS | +---------+ You will probably want to collect domain-dependent defines into one file, referenced by the DOMAIN macro. For example, our Berkeley domain file includes definitions for several internal distinguished hosts: UUCP_RELAY The host that will forward UUCP-addressed email. If not defined, all UUCP sites must be directly connected. BITNET_RELAY The host that will forward BITNET-addressed email. If not defined, the .BITNET pseudo-domain won't work. CSNET_RELAY The host that will forward CSNET-addressed email. If not defined, the .CSNET pseudo-domain won't work. LOCAL_RELAY The site that will handle unqualified names -- that is, names with out an @domain extension. If not set, they are assumed to belong on this machine. This allows you to have a central site to store a company- or department-wide alias database. This only works at small sites, and there are better methods. The domain file can also be used to define a domain name, if needed (using "DD") and set certain site-wide features. If all hosts at your site masquerade behind one email name, you could also use MASQUERADE_AS here. You do not have to define a domain -- in particular, if you are a single machine sitting off somewhere, it is probably more work than it's worth. This is just a mechanism for combining "domain dependent knowledge" into one place. +---------+ | MAILERS | +---------+ There are fewer mailers supported in this version than the previous version, owing mostly to a simpler world. local The local and prog mailers. You will almost always need these; the only exception is if you relay ALL your mail to another site. This mailer is included automatically. smtp The Simple Mail Transport Protocol mailer. This does not hide hosts behind a gateway or another other such hack; it assumes a world where everyone is running the name server. This file actually defines three mailers: "smtp" for regular (old-style) SMTP to other servers, "esmtp" for extended SMTP to other servers, and "relay" for transmission to our RELAY_HOST or MAILER_HUB. uucp The Unix-to-Unix Copy Program mailer. Actually, this defines two mailers, "uucp" and "suucp". The latter is for when you know that the UUCP mailer at the other end can handle multiple recipients in one transfer. When you invoke this, sendmail looks for all names in the $=U class and sends them to the uucp mailer; all names in the $=Y class are sent to suucp. Note that this is a function of what version of rmail runs on the receiving end, and hence may be out of your control. usenet Usenet (network news) delivery. If this is specified, an extra rule is added to ruleset 0 that forwards all local email for users named ``group.usenet'' to the ``inews'' program. Note that this works for all groups, and may be considered a security problem. fax Facsimile transmission. This is experimental and based on Sam Leffler's FlexFAX software. For more information, see below. +----------+ | FEATURES | +----------+ Special features can be requested using the "FEATURE" macro. For example, the .mc line: FEATURE(use_cw_file) tells sendmail that you want to have it read an /etc/sendmail.cw file to get values for class $=w. The FEATURE may contain a single optional parameter -- for example: FEATURE(mailertable, dbm /usr/lib/mailertable) Available features are: use_cw_file Read the file /etc/sendmail.cw file to get alternate names for this host. This might be used if you were on a host that MXed for a dynamic set of other hosts. If the set is static, just including the line "Cw ..." is probably superior. The actual filename can be overridden by redefining confCW_FILE. redirect Reject all mail addressed to "address.REDIRECT" with a ``551 User not local; please try
'' message. If this is set, you can alias people who have left to their new address with ".REDIRECT" appended. nouucp Don't do anything special with UUCP addresses at all. nocanonify Don't pass addresses to $[ ... $] for canonification. This would generally only be used by sites that only act as mail gateways or which have user agents that do full canonification themselves. notsticky By default, email sent to "user@local.host" are marked as "sticky" -- that is, the local addresses aren't matched against UDB and don't go through ruleset 5. This features disables this treatment. It would normally be used on network gateway machines. mailertable Include a "mailer table" which can be used to override routing for particular domains. The argument of the FEATURE may be the key definition. If none is specified, the definition used is: hash /etc/mailertable -o Keys in this database are fully qualified domain names or partial domains preceded by a dot -- for example, "vangogh.CS.Berkeley.EDU" or ".CS.Berkeley.EDU". Values must be of the form: mailer:domain where "mailer" is the internal mailer name, and "domain" is where to send the message. These maps are not reflected into the message header. domaintable Include a "domain table" which can be used to provide full domains on unqualified (single word) hosts. The argument of the FEATURE may be the key definition. If none is specified, the definition used is: hash /etc/domaintable -o The key in this table is the unqualified host name; the value is the fully qualified domain. Anything in the domaintable is reflected into headers; that is, this is done in ruleset 3. bitdomain Look up bitnet hosts in a table to try to turn them into internet addresses. The table can be built using the bitdomain program contributed by John Gardiner Meyers. The argument of the FEATURE may be the key definition; if none is specified, the definition used is: hash /etc/bitdomain.db -o Keys are the bitnet hostname; values are the corresponding internet hostname. uucpdomain Similar feature for UUCP hosts. The default map definition is: hash /etc/uudomain.db -o At the moment there is no automagic tool to build this database. always_add_domain Include the local host domain even on locally delivered mail. Normally it is not added unless it is already present. allmasquerade If masquerading is enabled (using MASQUERADE_AS), this feature will cause recipient addresses to also masquerade as being from the masquerade host. Normally they get the local hostname. Although this may be right for ordinary users, it can break local aliases. For example, if you send to "localalias", the originating sendmail will find that alias and send to all members, but send the message with "To: localalias@masqueradehost". Since that alias likely does not exist, replies will fail. Use this feature ONLY if you can guarantee that the ENTIRE namespace on your masquerade host supersets all the local entries. Other FEATUREs should be defined, but I was trying to keep these config files fairly lean and mean. +-------+ | HACKS | +-------+ Some things just can't be called features. To make this clear, they go in the hack subdirectory and are referenced using the HACK macro. These will tend to be site-dependent. The release includes the Berkeley-dependent "cssubdomain" hack (that makes sendmail accept local names in either Berkeley.EDU or CS.Berkeley.EDU; this is intended as a short-term aid while we move hosts into subdomains. +--------------------+ | SITE CONFIGURATION | +--------------------+ Complex sites will need more local configuration information, such as lists of UUCP hosts they speak with directly. This can get a bit more tricky. For an example of a "complex" site, see cf/ucbvax.mc. The SITECONFIG macro allows you to indirectly reference site-dependent configuration information stored in the siteconfig subdirectory. For example, the line SITECONFIG(uucp.ucbvax, ucbvax, U) reads the file uucp.ucbvax for local connection information. The second parameter is the local name (in this case just "ucbvax" since it is locally connected, and hence a UUCP hostname) and the name of the class in which to store the host information. Another SITECONFIG line reads SITECONFIG(uucp.ucbarpa, ucbarpa.Berkeley.EDU, W) This says that the file uucp.ucbarpa contains the list of UUCP sites connected to ucbarpa.Berkeley.EDU. The $=W class will be used to store this list. [The machine ucbarpa is gone now, but I've left this out-of-date configuration file around to demonstrate how you might do this.] The siteconfig file (e.g., siteconfig/uucp.ucbvax.m4) contains nothing more than a sequence of SITE macros describing connectivity. For example: SITE(cnmat) SITE(sgi olympus) The second example demonstrates that you can use two names on the same line; these are usually aliases for the same host (or are at least in the same company). +-------------------+ | TWEAKING RULESETS | +-------------------+ For more complex configurations, you can define special rules. The macro LOCAL_RULE_3 introduces rules that are used in canonicalizing the names. Any modifications made here are reflected in the header. A common use is to convert old UUCP addreses to SMTP addresses using the UUCPSMTP macro. For example: LOCAL_RULE_3 UUCPSMTP(decvax, decvax.dec.com) UUCPSMTP(research, research.att.com) will cause addresses of the form "decvax!user" and "research!user" to be converted to "user@decvax.dec.com" and "user@research.att.com" respectively. This could also be used to look hosts in a database map: LOCAL_RULE_3 R$* < @ $+ > $* $: $1 < @ $(hostmap $2 $) > $3 This map would be defined in the LOCAL_CONFIG portion, as shown below. Similarly, LOCAL_RULE_0 can be used to introduce new parsing rules. For example, new rules are needed to parse hostnames that you accept via MX records. For example, you might have: LOCAL_RULE_0 R$+ < @ cnmat.Berkeley.EDU > $#uucp $@ cnmat $: $1 You would use this if you had installed an MX record for cnmat.Berkeley.EDU pointing at this host; this rule catches the message and forwards it on using UUCP. You can also tweak rulesets 1 and 2 using LOCAL_RULE_1 and LOCAL_RULE_2. These rulesets are normally empty. A similar macro is LOCAL_CONFIG. This introduces lines added after the boilerplate option setting but before rulesets, and can be used to declare local database maps or whatever. For example: LOCAL_CONFIG Khostmap hash /etc/hostmap.db Kyplocal nis -m hosts.byname +---------------------------+ | MASQUERADING AND RELAYING | +---------------------------+ You can have your host masquerade as another using MASQUERADE_AS(host.domain) This causes outgoing SMTP mail to be labelled as coming from the indicated domain, rather than $j. One normally masquerades as one of your own subdomains (for example, it's unlikely that I would choose to masquerade as an MIT site). there are always users that need to be "exposed" -- that is, their internal site name should be displayed instead of the masquerade name. Root is an example. You can add users to this list using EXPOSED_USER(usernames) This adds users to class E; you could also use something like FE/etc/sendmail.cE You can also arrange to relay all unqualified names (that is, names without @host) to a relay host. For example, if you have a central email server, you might relay to that host so that users don't have to have .forward files or aliases. You can do this using define(`LOCAL_RELAY', mailer:hostname) The ``mailer:'' can be omitted, in which case the mailer defaults to "smtp". There are some user names that you don't want relayed, perhaps because of local aliases. A common example is root, which may be locally aliased. You can add entries to this list using LOCAL_USER(usernames) This adds users to class L; you could also use something like FL/etc/sendmail.cL If you want all mail sent to a centralized hub, as for a shared /var/spool/mail scheme, use define(`MAIL_HUB', mailer:hostname) Again, ``mailer:'' defaults to "smtp". If you define both LOCAL_RELAY and MAIL_HUB, unqualified names and names in class L will be sent to the LOCAL_RELAY and other local names will be sent to MAIL_HUB. For example, if are on machine mastodon.CS.Berkeley.EDU, the following combinations of settings will have the indicated effects: email sent to.... eric eric@mastodon.CS.Berkeley.EDU LOCAL_RELAY set to mail.CS.Berkeley.EDU (delivered locally) mail.CS.Berkeley.EDU MAIL_HUB set to mammoth.CS.Berkeley.EDU mammoth.CS.Berkeley.EDU mammoth.CS.Berkeley.EDU Both LOCAL_RELAY and mail.CS.Berkeley.EDU mammoth.CS.Berkeley.EDU MAIL_HUB set as above +-------------------------------+ | NON-SMTP BASED CONFIGURATIONS | +-------------------------------+ These configuration files are designed primarily for use by SMTP-based sites. I don't pretend that they are well tuned for UUCP-only or UUCP-primarily nodes (the latter is defined as a small local net connected to the rest of the world via UUCP). However, there is one hook to handle some special cases. You can define a ``smart host'' that understands a richer address syntax using: define(`SMART_HOST', mailer:hostname) In this case, the ``mailer:'' defaults to "suucp". Any messages that can't be handled using the usual UUCP rules are passed to this host. If you are on a local SMTP-based net that connects to the outside world via UUCP, you can use LOCAL_NET_CONFIG to add appropriate rules. For example: define(`SMART_HOST', suucp:uunet) LOCAL_NET_CONFIG R$* < @ $* .$m. > $* $#smtp $@ $2.$m. $: $1 < @ $2.$m. > $3 This will cause all names that end in your domain name ($m) via SMTP; anything else will be sent via suucp (smart UUCP) to uunet. If you have FEATURE(nocanonify), you may need to omit the dots after the $m. If you are running a local DNS inside your domain which is not otherwise connected to the outside world, you probably want to use: define(`SMART_HOST', smtp:fire.wall.com) LOCAL_NET_CONFIG R$* < @ $* . > $* $#smtp $@ $2. $: $1 < @ $2. > $3 That is, send directly only to things you found in your DNS lookup; anything else goes through SMART_HOST. +------------------+ | FlexFAX SOFTWARE | +------------------+ Sam Leffler's FlexFAX software is still in beta test -- but he expects a public version out "later this week" [as of 3/1/93]. The following blurb is direct from Sam: $Header: /cvsroot/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf/Attic/README,v 1.4 1993/07/20 18:10:37 glass Exp $ How To Obtain This Software (in case all you get is this file) The source code is available for public ftp on sgi.com sgi/fax/v2.1beta.tar.Z (192.48.153.1) You can also obtain inst'able images for Silicon Graphics machines from sgi.com sgi/fax/v2.1beta.inst.tar (192.48.153.1) For example, % ftp -n sgi.com .... ftp> user anonymous ... ftp> cd sgi/fax ftp> binary ftp> get v2.1beta.tar.Z If you cannot use FTP at all, there is a service called "ftpmail" available from gateekeeper.dec.com: you can send e-mail to this machine and it will use FTP to retrieve files for you and send you the files back again via e-mail. To find out more about the ftpmail service, send a message to "ftpmail@gatekeeper.dec.com" whose body consists of the single line "help". Internal to Silicon Graphics there are inst'able images on the host flake.asd in the directory /d/dist. Thus you can do something like: % inst -f flake.asd.sgi.com:/d/dist/flexfax to install the software on your machine. The external distributions come in a compressed or uncompressed tar file. To extract the source distribution: % zcat v2.1beta.tar.Z | tar xf - (uncompress and extract individual files in current directory). To unpack and install the client portion of the inst'able distribution: % mkdir dist % cd dist; tar xf ../v2.1beta.inst.tar; cd .. % inst -f dist/flexfax ... inst> go (Note, the dist subdirectory is because some versions of inst fail if the files are in the current directory.) Server binaries is also included in the inst'able images as flexfax.server.*. It is not installed by default, so to get it also you need to extract the do: % inst -f flexfax ... inst> install flexfax.server.* inst> go The SGI binaries were built for Version 4.0.5 of the IRIX operating system. They should work w/o problem on earlier versions of the system, but I have not fully tested this. Also, note that to install a server on an SGI machine, you need to have installed the Display PostScript execution environment product (dps_eoe). Otherwise, the fax server will not be able to convert PostScript to facsimile for transmission. If you are working from the source distribution, look at the file README in the top of the source tree. If you are working from the inst images, you need to run faxaddmodem to setup and configure your fax modem. Do man faxaddmodem for more information. Also from Sam: A mailing list for users of this software is located on sgi.com. If you want to join this mailing list or have a list-related request such as getting your name removed from it, send a request to flexfax-request@sgi.com Submissions (including bug reports) should be directed to: flexfax@sgi.com +--------------------------------+ | TWEAKING CONFIGURATION OPTIONS | +--------------------------------+ There are a large number of configuration options that don't normally need to be changed. However, if you feel you need to tweak them, you can define the following M4 variables. This list is shown in four columns: the name you define, the default value for that definition, the option or macro that is affected (either Ox for an option or Dx for a macro), and a brief description. Greater detail of the semantics can be found in the Installation and Operations Guide. Some options are likely to be deprecated in future versions -- that is, the option is only included to provide back-compatibility. These are marked with "*". M4 Variable Name Default Mac/Opt Description confMAILER_NAME MAILER-DAEMON Dn The sender name used for internally generated outgoing messages. confFROM_LINE From $g $d Dl The From_ line used when sending to files or programs. confFROM_HEADER $?x$x <$g>$|$g$. The format of an internally Dq generated From: address. confOPERATORS .:%@!^/[] Do Address operator characters. confSTMP_LOGIN_MSG $j Sendmail $v/$Z ready at $b De The initial (spontaneous) SMTP greeting message. confSEVEN_BIT_INPUT False O7 Force input to seven bits? confALIAS_WAIT 10 Oa Wait (in minutes) for alias file rebuild. confMIN_FREE_BLOCKS 4 Ob Minimum number of free blocks on queue filesystem to accept SMTP mail. confBLANK_SUB . OB Blank (space) substitution character. confCON_EXPENSIVE False Oc Connect immediately to mailers marked expensive? confCHECKPOINT_INTERVAL 10 OC Checkpoint queue files every N recipients. confDELIVERY_MODE background Od Default delivery mode. confAUTO_REBUILD False OD Automatically rebuild alias file if needed. confERROR_MODE (undefined) Oe Error message mode. confERROR_MESSAGE (undefined) OE Error message header/file. confSAVE_FROM_LINES False Of Save extra leading From_ lines. confTEMP_FILE_MODE 0600 OF Temporary file mode. confDEF_GROUP_ID 1 Og Default group id. confMATCH_GECOS False OG Match GECOS field. confMAX_HOP 17 Oh Maximum hop count. confIGNORE_DOTS False Oi * Ignore dot as terminator for incoming messages? confBIND_OPTS (empty) OI Default options for BIND. confMIME_FORMAT_ERRORS True Oj * Send error messages as MIME- encapsulated messages per RFC 1344. confMCI_CACHE_SIZE 2 Ok Size of open connection cache. confMCI_CACHE_TIMEOUT 5m OK Open connection cache timeout. confUSE_ERRORS_TO False Ol * Use the Errors-To: header to deliver error messages. This should not be necessary because of general acceptance of the envelope/header distinction. confLOG_LEVEL 9 OL Log level. confME_TOO False Om Include sender in group expansions. confCHECK_ALIASES True On Check RHS of aliases when running newaliases. confOLD_STYLE_HEADERS True Oo * Assume that headers without special chars are old style. confDAEMON_OPTIONS (undefined) OO SMTP daemon options. confPRIVACY_FLAGS authwarnings Op Privacy flags. confCOPY_ERRORS_TO (undefined) OP Address for additional copies of all error messages. confQUEUE_FACTOR (undefined) Oq Slope of queue-only function confREAD_TIMEOUT (undefined) Or SMTP read timeouts. confSAFE_QUEUE True Os * Commit all messages to disk before forking. confMESSAGE_TIMEOUT 5d/4h OT Timeout for messages before sending error/warning message. confTIME_ZONE USE_SYSTEM Ot Time zone info -- can be USE_SYSTEM to use the system's idea, USE_TZ to use the user's TZ envariable, or something else to force that value. confDEF_USER_ID 1 Ou Default user id. confUSERDB_SPEC (undefined) OU User database specification. confFALLBACK_MX (undefined) OV Fallback MX host. confQUEUE_LA 8 Ox Load average at which queue-only function kicks in. confREFUSE_LA 12 OX Load average at which incoming SMTP connections are refused. confWORK_RECIPIENT_FACTOR (undefined) Oy Cost of each recipient. confSEPARATE_PROC False OY Run all deliveries in a separate process. confWORK_CLASS_FACTOR (undefined) Oz Priority multiplier for class. confWORK_TIME_FACTOR (undefined) OZ Cost of each delivery attempt. confCW_FILE /etc/sendmail.cw Name of file used to get the Fw local additions to the $=w class. +-----------+ | HIERARCHY | +-----------+ Within this directory are several subdirectories, to wit: m4 General support routines. These are typically very important and should not be changed without very careful consideration. cf The configuration files themselves. They have ".mc" suffixes, and must be run through m4 to become complete. The resulting output should have a ".cf" suffix. ostype Definitions describing a particular operating system type. These should always be referenced using the OSTYPE macro in the .mc file. Examples include "bsd4.3", "bsd4.4", "sunos3.5", and "sunos4.1". domain Definitions describing a particular domain, referenced using the DOMAIN macro in the .mc file. These are site dependent; for example, we contribute "cs.exposed.m4" and "cs.hidden.m4" which both describe hosts in the CS.Berkeley.EDU subdomain; the former displays the local hostname (e.g., mammoth.CS.Berkeley.EDU), whereas the latter does its best to hide the identity of the local workstation inside the CS subdomain. mailer Descriptions of mailers. These are referenced using the MAILER macro in the .mc file. sh Shell files used when building the .cf file from the .mc file in the cf subdirectory. feature These hold special orthogonal features that you might want to include. They should be referenced using the FEATURE macro. hack Local hacks. These can be referenced using the HACK macro. They shouldn't be of more than voyeuristic interest outside the .Berkeley.EDU domain, but who knows? We've all got our own peccadilloes. siteconfig Site configuration -- e.g., tables of locally connected UUCP sites. +------------------------+ | ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS | +------------------------+ The following sections detail usage of certain internal parts of the sendmail.cf file. Read them carefully if you are trying to modify the current model. If you find the above descriptions adequate, these should be {boring, confusing, tedious, ridiculous} (pick one or more). RULESETS (* means built in to sendmail) 0 * Parsing 1 * Sender rewriting 2 * Recipient rewriting 3 * Canonicalization 4 * Post cleanup 5 * Local address rewrite (after aliasing) 1x mailer rules (sender qualification) 2x mailer rules (recipient qualification) 90 Mailertable host stripping 96 Bottom half of Ruleset 3 (ruleset 6 in old sendmail) 97 Hook for recursive ruleset 0 call (ruleset 7 in old sendmail) MAILERS 0 local, prog local and program mailers 1 smtp SMTP channel 2 uucp UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Program 3 netnews Network News delivery 4 fax Sam Leffler's FlexFAX software MACROS A B Bitnet Relay C CSNET Relay D The local domain -- usually not needed E F FAX Relay G H mail Hub (for mail clusters) I J K L M Masquerade (who I claim to be) N O P Q R Relay (for unqualified names) S Smart Host T U my UUCP name (if I have a UUCP connection) V UUCP Relay (class V hosts) W UUCP Relay (class W hosts) X UUCP Relay (class X hosts) Y UUCP Relay (all other hosts) Z Version number CLASSES A B C D E addresses that should not seem to come from $M F hosts we forward for G H I J K L addresses that should not be forwarded to $R M N O operators that indicate network operations (cannot be in local names) P top level pseudo-domains: BITNET, FAX, UUCP, etc. Q R S T U locally connected UUCP hosts V UUCP hosts connected to relay $V W UUCP hosts connected to relay $W X UUCP hosts connected to relay $X Y locally connected smart UUCP hosts Z . the class containing only a dot M4 DIVERSIONS 1 Local host detection and resolution 2 Local Ruleset 3 additions 3 Local Ruleset 0 additions 4 UUCP Ruleset 0 additions 5 locally interpreted names (overrides $R) 6 local configuration (at top of file) 7 mailer definitions 8 special local name recognition (late in ruleset 3) 9 special local rulesets (1 and 2)