Clean up deleted files.
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mycroft
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bin/ed/doc/ed-1003.2
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bin/ed/doc/ed-1003.2
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This version of ed is not strictly POSIX compliant, as described in the
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POSIX 1003.2 Draft 11.2 document (see the file `ed-1003.2'). BSD commands
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have been implemented wherever they do not conflict with the POSIX
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standard. For backwards compatibility, the POSIX rule that says a range
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of addresses cannot be used where only a single address is expected has
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been relaxed (see the file `legal-addrs').
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The BSD commands included are:
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1) the `W' command for appending text to an existing file,
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2) the `s' command (i.e., s[rgp]*) to repeat a previous substitution,
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3) the `z' command for scrolling through the buffer, and
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4) the `wq' command for exiting after a write.
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BSD line addressing syntax (i.e., `^' and `%' - see the file
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`legal.addrs') is also recognized.
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The POSIX interactive global commands `G' and `V' are extended to support
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multiple commands, including `a', `i' and `c'. The command format is the
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same as for the global commands `g' and `v', i.e., one command per line
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with each line, except for the last, ending in a backslash (\).
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If crypt is available, files can be read and written using DES encryption.
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The `x' command prompts the user to enter a key used for encrypting/
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decrypting subsequent reads and writes. If only a newline is entered as
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the key, then encryption is disabled. Otherwise, a key is read in the
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same manner as a password entry. The key remains in effect until
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encryption is disabled. For more information on the encryption algorithm,
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see the bdes(1) man page. Encryption/decryption should be fully compatible
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with SunOS DES.
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An extension to the POSIX file commands `E', `e', `r', `W' and `w' is that
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<file> arguments are processed for backslash escapes, i.e., any character
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preceded by a backslash is interpreted literally. A trailing backslash
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is ignored. If the first unescaped character of a <file> argument is a
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bang (!), then the rest of the line is interpreted as a shell command,
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and no escape processing is performed by ed. This rule does not apply to
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the 'f' command (described below).
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While the default file name cannot be set to a shell command (i.e.,
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!<shell-cmd>) via any of the `r', `w', and `e' commands, POSIX evidently
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does not preclude using the `f' command for this purpose. Upon reading
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or writing the default file when its name begins with a bang, ed
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interprets the rest of the line as a shell command and attempts to execute
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it. Escape processing is not performed in this case.
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If ed is invoked with a name argument prefixed by a bang, then the
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remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. To invoke
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ed on a file whose name starts with bang, prefix the name with a backslash.
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--
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The following commands are neither part of POSIX 1003.2 D11/2 nor are
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they supported in this version of ed.
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The vi command: (addr1,addr2) !<shell-cmd> which replaces a range of
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lines with the output of a shell command is not supported.
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The vi command: [rwe] !!, where !! is replaced by the previous
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!<shell-cmd> is not supported.
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The following describes line addressing syntax. This is a combination of
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both BSD and POSIX.
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An address represents the number of a line in the editor buffer. It is
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constructed from one of the bases in the table below, optionally followed
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by an absolute offset. The offset may include any combination
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of digits, operators (i.e., `+', `-' and `^') and whitespace.
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Addresses are read from left to right, and their values are computed
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relative to the current address (i.e., the number reported by the command
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`.=').
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One exception to the rule that addresses represent line numbers is the
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address 0. This means "before the first line," and is legal wherever it
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makes sense.
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An address range is two addresses separated either by a comma or
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semi-colon. The value of the first address in a range cannot exceed the
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value of the the second. If an n-tuple of addresses is given where
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n > 2, then the corresponding range is determined by the last two addresses
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in the n-tuple. If only one address is expected, then then the last
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address is used (see the examples below).
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Each address in a comma-delimited range is interpreted relative to the
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current address. In a semi-colon-delimited range, the first address is
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used to set the current address, and the second address is interpreted
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relative to the new current address.
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The following address symbols are recognized:
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. - current line
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$ - last line
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- - previous line; may be repeated with cumulative effect
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-<n> - <n>th previous line, where <n> is a non-negative number
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^ - previous line; may be repeated with cumulative effect (BSD)
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^<n> - <n>th previous line, where <n> is a non-negative number
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+ - next line; may be repeated with cumulative effect
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+<n> - <n>th next line, where <n> is a non-negative number
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% - first through last lines, i.e., equivalent to: 1,$ (BSD)
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, - first through last lines, i.e., equivalent to: 1,$ (POSIX)
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; - current through last lines, i.e., equivalent to: .,$ (POSIX)
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/pat/ - next line containing pattern pat
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?pat? - previous line containing pattern pat
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[0-9]* - line <n>, where <n> is a number in the range [0,$]
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<ws><n> - whitespace <ws> followed by a number <n> is interpreted as +<n>
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'<lc> - line previously marked by k command, where <lc> is a
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lower case letter
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Examples:
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The address tuple `4;+1' is equivalent to the address range `4,5'.
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The address tuple `1;+2,+3' is equivalent to the range `3,4'.
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The address tuple `1;+2;+3' is equivalent to the range `3,6'.
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The command `1;m+' swaps the first and second lines.
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The command `0;/pat/r file' reads `file' to after the line containing the
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pattern pat.
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The command `t0;/pat/' copies the current line to after the first line
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containing the pattern pat.
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The last two examples above violate the POSIX rule that says a range cannot
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be used where at most a single address is expected. This rule has been
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relaxed to enable such syntax.
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The following commands are recognized. These are a combination of BSD
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and POSIX. The POSIX version of a command always overrides any BSD
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version. The commands are shown together with the number of addresses
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that each accepts.
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!<shell-cmd> - run <shell-cmd> via sh {1} (POSIX)
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($)= - print line number
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(.)a - append text to the buffer
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(.,.)c - change lines in the buffer
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(.,.)d - delete lines from the buffer
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E <file> - edit a file unconditionally {1}
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E !<shell-cmd> - edit the standard output of <shell-cmd> {1} (POSIX)
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e <file> - edit a file {1}
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e !<shell-cmd> - edit the standard output of shell-cmd {1} (POSIX)
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f <file> - set the default file to <file> {1}
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(1,$)G/pat/ - interactively edit lines matching a pattern (POSIX) {1}
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(1,$)g/pat/<cmd-list> - apply <cmd-list> to lines matching a pattern
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H - print explanations of all errors (POSIX)
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h - print explanation of the last error (POSIX)
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(.)i - insert text in the buffer
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(.,.+1)j - join lines in the buffer
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(.)k<lc> - mark a line for later '<lc> addressing
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(.,.)l - print lines unambiguously to stdout
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(.,.)m(.) - move lines in the buffer
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(.,.)n - enumerate lines to stdout (POSIX)
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P - toggle command prompt (POSIX)
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(.,.)p - print lines to stdout
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Q - quit ed unconditionally
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q - quit ed
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($)r <file> - read a file {1}
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($)r !<shell-cmd> - read the stdout of <shell-cmd> {1} (POSIX)
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(.,.)s/pat/sub/g - substitute matching text in a line via a template
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(.,.)s/pat/sub/<n> - substitute the <n>th match in a line (POSIX)
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(.,.)s[rgp]* - repeat the last substitution (BSD)
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(.,.)t(.) - copy (transfer) lines in the buffer
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u - undo the last command (POSIX)
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(1,$)V/pat/ - interactively edit lines not matching a pattern (POSIX) {1}
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(1,$)v/pat/<cmd-list> - apply <cmd-list> to lines not matching a pattern
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(1,$)W <file> - append lines to a file (BSD)
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(1,$)W !<shell-cmd> - write lines to the stdin of <shell-cmd> (POSIX)
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(1,$)w <file> - write lines in the buffer to a file
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(1,$)w !<shell-cmd> - write lines to the stdin of <shell-cmd> (POSIX)
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x - prompt for an encryption key (SunOS) {1}
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(.+1)z<rows> - page <rows> lines at a time to stdout (BSD)
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(.)<newline> - print line to stdout (BSD)
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--
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{1} See the file `extensions' for additional information on these
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commands.
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