Put GNU sort back to sleep. R.I.P.
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Version 1, February 1989
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Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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Preamble
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The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
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License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
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You can use it for your programs, too.
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
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NO WARRANTY
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
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free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
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<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
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any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
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Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author
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Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
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This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
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c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
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necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
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program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
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at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
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<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
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Ty Coon, President of Vice
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That's all there is to it!
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
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# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.8 2001/01/13 16:42:53 itojun Exp $
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PROG= sort
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.include <bsd.prog.mk>
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@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
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.\" $Id: sort.1,v 1.5 2001/01/13 16:42:54 itojun Exp $ -*- nroff -*-
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.TH SORT 1
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.SH NAME
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sort \- sort lines of text files
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B sort
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[\-cmus] [\-t separator] [\-o output-file] [\-bdfiMnr] [+POS1 [\-POS2]]
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[\-k POS1[,POS2]] [file...]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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This manual page
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documents the GNU version of
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.BR sort .
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.B sort
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sorts, merges, or compares all the lines from the given files, or the standard
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input if no files are given. A file name of `-' means standard input.
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By default,
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.B sort
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writes the results to the standard output.
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.PP
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.B sort
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has three modes of operation: sort (the default), merge, and check for
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sortedness. The following options change the operation mode:
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.TP
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.I \-c
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Check whether the given files are already sorted: if they are not all
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sorted, print an error message and exit with a status of 1.
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.TP
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.I \-m
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Merge the given files by sorting them as a group. Each input file
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should already be individually sorted. It always works to sort
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instead of merge; merging is provided because it is faster, in the
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case where it works.
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.PP
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A pair of lines is compared as follows:
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if any key fields have been specified,
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.B sort
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compares each pair of fields, in the order specified on the command
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line, according to the associated ordering options, until a difference
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is found or no fields are left.
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.PP
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If any of the global options
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.I Mbdfinr
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are given but no key fields are
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specified,
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.B sort
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compares the entire lines according to the global options.
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.PP
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Finally, as a last resort when all keys compare equal
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(or if no ordering options were specified at all),
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.B sort
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compares the lines byte by byte in machine collating sequence. The
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.I \-s
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option disables this last resort comparison, producing a stable sort.
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.PP
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GNU
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.B sort
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has no limits on input line length or restrictions on bytes allowed
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within lines. In addition, if the final byte of an input file is not
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a newline, GNU
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.B sort
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silently supplies one. In some cases, such as exactly what the
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.I \-b
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and
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.I \-f
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options do, BSD and System V
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.B sort
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programs produce different output; GNU
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.B sort
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follows the POSIX behavior, which is usually like the System V behavior.
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.PP
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If the environment variable TMPDIR is set,
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.B sort
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uses it as the directory in which to put temporary files instead of
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the default, /tmp.
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.PP
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The following options affect the ordering of output lines. They may
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be specified globally or as part of a specific key field. If no key
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fields are specified, global options apply to comparison of entire
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lines; otherwise the global options are inherited by key fields that
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do not specify any special options of their own.
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.TP
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.I \-b
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Ignore leading blanks when finding sort keys in each line.
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.TP
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.I \-d
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Sort in `dictionary order': ignore all characters except letters,
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digits and blanks when sorting.
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.TP
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.I \-f
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Fold lower case characters into the equivalent upper case characters
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when sorting so that, for example, `b' is sorted the same way `B' is.
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.TP
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.I \-i
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Ignore characters outside the ASCII range 040-0176 (inclusive) when sorting.
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.TP
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.I \-M
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An initial string, consisting of any amount of white space, followed
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by three letters abbreviating a month name, is folded to lower case
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and compared in the order `jan' < `feb' < ... < `dec.' Invalid names
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compare low to valid names. This option implies
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.IR \-b .
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.TP
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.I \-n
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Compare according to arithmetic value an initial numeric string
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consisting of optional white space, an optional \- sign, and zero or
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more digits, optionally followed by a decimal point and zero or more
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digits. This option implies
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.IR \-b .
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.TP
|
|
||||||
.I \-r
|
|
||||||
Reverse the result of comparison, so that lines with greater key
|
|
||||||
values appear earlier in the output instead of later.
|
|
||||||
.PP
|
|
||||||
Other options are:
|
|
||||||
.TP
|
|
||||||
.I "\-o output-file"
|
|
||||||
Write output to
|
|
||||||
.I output-file
|
|
||||||
instead of to the standard output. If
|
|
||||||
.I output-file
|
|
||||||
is one of the input files,
|
|
||||||
.B sort
|
|
||||||
copies it to a temporary file before sorting and writing the output to
|
|
||||||
.IR output-file .
|
|
||||||
.TP
|
|
||||||
.I "\-t separator"
|
|
||||||
Use character
|
|
||||||
.I separator
|
|
||||||
as the field separator when finding the sort keys in each line. By
|
|
||||||
default, fields are separated by the empty string between a
|
|
||||||
non-whitespace character and a whitespace character. That is to say,
|
|
||||||
given the input line ` foo bar',
|
|
||||||
.B sort
|
|
||||||
breaks it into fields ` foo' and ` bar'. The field separator is not
|
|
||||||
considered to be part of either the field preceding or the field
|
|
||||||
following it.
|
|
||||||
.TP
|
|
||||||
.I \-u
|
|
||||||
For the default case or the
|
|
||||||
.I \-m
|
|
||||||
option, only output the first of a sequence of lines that compare
|
|
||||||
equal. For the
|
|
||||||
.I \-c
|
|
||||||
option, check that no pair of consecutive lines compares equal.
|
|
||||||
.TP
|
|
||||||
.I "+POS1 [\-POS2]"
|
|
||||||
Specify a field within each line to use as a sorting key. The field
|
|
||||||
consists of the portion of the line starting at POS1 and up to (but
|
|
||||||
not including) POS2 (or to the end of the line if POS2 is not given).
|
|
||||||
The fields and character positions are numbered starting with 0.
|
|
||||||
.TP
|
|
||||||
.I "\-k POS1[,POS2]"
|
|
||||||
An alternative syntax for specifying sorting keys.
|
|
||||||
The fields and character positions are numbered starting with 1.
|
|
||||||
.PP
|
|
||||||
A position has the form \fIf\fP.\fIc\fP, where \fIf\fP is the number
|
|
||||||
of the field to use and \fIc\fP is the number of the first character
|
|
||||||
from the beginning of the field (for \fI+pos\fP) or from the end of
|
|
||||||
the previous field (for \fI\-pos\fP). The .\fIc\fP part of a position
|
|
||||||
may be omitted in which case it is taken to be the first character in
|
|
||||||
the field. If the
|
|
||||||
.I \-b
|
|
||||||
option has been given, the .\fIc\fP part of a field specification is
|
|
||||||
counted from the first nonblank character of the field (for
|
|
||||||
\fI+pos\fP) or from the first nonblank character following the
|
|
||||||
previous field (for \fI\-pos\fP).
|
|
||||||
.PP
|
|
||||||
A \fI+pos\fP or \fI-pos\fP argument may also have any of the option
|
|
||||||
letters
|
|
||||||
.I Mbdfinr
|
|
||||||
appended to it, in which case the global ordering options are not used
|
|
||||||
for that particular field. The
|
|
||||||
.I \-b
|
|
||||||
option may be independently attached to either or both of the
|
|
||||||
\fI+pos\fP and \fI\-pos\fP parts of a field specification, and if it
|
|
||||||
is inherited from the global options it will be attached to both.
|
|
||||||
If a
|
|
||||||
.I \-n
|
|
||||||
or
|
|
||||||
.I \-M
|
|
||||||
option is used, thus implying a
|
|
||||||
.I \-b
|
|
||||||
option, the
|
|
||||||
.I \-b
|
|
||||||
option is taken to apply to both the \fI+pos\fP and the \fI\-pos\fP
|
|
||||||
parts of a key specification. Keys may span multiple fields.
|
|
||||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user