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Put GNU sort back to sleep. R.I.P.

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gnu/usr.bin/sort/COPYING
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 1, February 1989
Copyright (C) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users
at the mercy of those companies. By contrast, our General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. The
General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's
software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.
You can use it for your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make
sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free
software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must tell them their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The
"Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based
on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications. Each
licensee is addressed as "you".
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this
General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any
other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License
along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of
transferring a copy.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph
1 above, provided that you also do the following:
a) cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
you changed the files and the date of any change; and
b) cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that
in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either
with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all
third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except
that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all
third parties, at your option).
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when
run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use
in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General
Public License.
d) You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a
copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in
exchange for a fee.
Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its
derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring
the other work under the scope of these terms.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of
it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
b) accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge
for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of
Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,
c) accompany it with the information you received as to where the
corresponding source code may be obtained. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form alone.)
Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
modifications to it. For an executable file, complete source code means
all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special
exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard
libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable
file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that
accompany that operating system.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the
Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.
Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer
the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use
the Program under this License. However, parties who have received
copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
remain in full compliance.
5. By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based
on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so,
and all its terms and conditions.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original
licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these
terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the
recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
7. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
8. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
9. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
10. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19xx name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
program `Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes
at assemblers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!

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gnu/usr.bin/sort/Makefile
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# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.8 2001/01/13 16:42:53 itojun Exp $
PROG= sort
.include <bsd.prog.mk>

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gnu/usr.bin/sort/sort.1
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.\" $Id: sort.1,v 1.5 2001/01/13 16:42:54 itojun Exp $ -*- nroff -*-
.TH SORT 1
.SH NAME
sort \- sort lines of text files
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B sort
[\-cmus] [\-t separator] [\-o output-file] [\-bdfiMnr] [+POS1 [\-POS2]]
[\-k POS1[,POS2]] [file...]
.SH DESCRIPTION
This manual page
documents the GNU version of
.BR sort .
.B sort
sorts, merges, or compares all the lines from the given files, or the standard
input if no files are given. A file name of `-' means standard input.
By default,
.B sort
writes the results to the standard output.
.PP
.B sort
has three modes of operation: sort (the default), merge, and check for
sortedness. The following options change the operation mode:
.TP
.I \-c
Check whether the given files are already sorted: if they are not all
sorted, print an error message and exit with a status of 1.
.TP
.I \-m
Merge the given files by sorting them as a group. Each input file
should already be individually sorted. It always works to sort
instead of merge; merging is provided because it is faster, in the
case where it works.
.PP
A pair of lines is compared as follows:
if any key fields have been specified,
.B sort
compares each pair of fields, in the order specified on the command
line, according to the associated ordering options, until a difference
is found or no fields are left.
.PP
If any of the global options
.I Mbdfinr
are given but no key fields are
specified,
.B sort
compares the entire lines according to the global options.
.PP
Finally, as a last resort when all keys compare equal
(or if no ordering options were specified at all),
.B sort
compares the lines byte by byte in machine collating sequence. The
.I \-s
option disables this last resort comparison, producing a stable sort.
.PP
GNU
.B sort
has no limits on input line length or restrictions on bytes allowed
within lines. In addition, if the final byte of an input file is not
a newline, GNU
.B sort
silently supplies one. In some cases, such as exactly what the
.I \-b
and
.I \-f
options do, BSD and System V
.B sort
programs produce different output; GNU
.B sort
follows the POSIX behavior, which is usually like the System V behavior.
.PP
If the environment variable TMPDIR is set,
.B sort
uses it as the directory in which to put temporary files instead of
the default, /tmp.
.PP
The following options affect the ordering of output lines. They may
be specified globally or as part of a specific key field. If no key
fields are specified, global options apply to comparison of entire
lines; otherwise the global options are inherited by key fields that
do not specify any special options of their own.
.TP
.I \-b
Ignore leading blanks when finding sort keys in each line.
.TP
.I \-d
Sort in `dictionary order': ignore all characters except letters,
digits and blanks when sorting.
.TP
.I \-f
Fold lower case characters into the equivalent upper case characters
when sorting so that, for example, `b' is sorted the same way `B' is.
.TP
.I \-i
Ignore characters outside the ASCII range 040-0176 (inclusive) when sorting.
.TP
.I \-M
An initial string, consisting of any amount of white space, followed
by three letters abbreviating a month name, is folded to lower case
and compared in the order `jan' < `feb' < ... < `dec.' Invalid names
compare low to valid names. This option implies
.IR \-b .
.TP
.I \-n
Compare according to arithmetic value an initial numeric string
consisting of optional white space, an optional \- sign, and zero or
more digits, optionally followed by a decimal point and zero or more
digits. This option implies
.IR \-b .
.TP
.I \-r
Reverse the result of comparison, so that lines with greater key
values appear earlier in the output instead of later.
.PP
Other options are:
.TP
.I "\-o output-file"
Write output to
.I output-file
instead of to the standard output. If
.I output-file
is one of the input files,
.B sort
copies it to a temporary file before sorting and writing the output to
.IR output-file .
.TP
.I "\-t separator"
Use character
.I separator
as the field separator when finding the sort keys in each line. By
default, fields are separated by the empty string between a
non-whitespace character and a whitespace character. That is to say,
given the input line ` foo bar',
.B sort
breaks it into fields ` foo' and ` bar'. The field separator is not
considered to be part of either the field preceding or the field
following it.
.TP
.I \-u
For the default case or the
.I \-m
option, only output the first of a sequence of lines that compare
equal. For the
.I \-c
option, check that no pair of consecutive lines compares equal.
.TP
.I "+POS1 [\-POS2]"
Specify a field within each line to use as a sorting key. The field
consists of the portion of the line starting at POS1 and up to (but
not including) POS2 (or to the end of the line if POS2 is not given).
The fields and character positions are numbered starting with 0.
.TP
.I "\-k POS1[,POS2]"
An alternative syntax for specifying sorting keys.
The fields and character positions are numbered starting with 1.
.PP
A position has the form \fIf\fP.\fIc\fP, where \fIf\fP is the number
of the field to use and \fIc\fP is the number of the first character
from the beginning of the field (for \fI+pos\fP) or from the end of
the previous field (for \fI\-pos\fP). The .\fIc\fP part of a position
may be omitted in which case it is taken to be the first character in
the field. If the
.I \-b
option has been given, the .\fIc\fP part of a field specification is
counted from the first nonblank character of the field (for
\fI+pos\fP) or from the first nonblank character following the
previous field (for \fI\-pos\fP).
.PP
A \fI+pos\fP or \fI-pos\fP argument may also have any of the option
letters
.I Mbdfinr
appended to it, in which case the global ordering options are not used
for that particular field. The
.I \-b
option may be independently attached to either or both of the
\fI+pos\fP and \fI\-pos\fP parts of a field specification, and if it
is inherited from the global options it will be attached to both.
If a
.I \-n
or
.I \-M
option is used, thus implying a
.I \-b
option, the
.I \-b
option is taken to apply to both the \fI+pos\fP and the \fI\-pos\fP
parts of a key specification. Keys may span multiple fields.

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gnu/usr.bin/sort/sort.c
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