diff --git a/distrib/notes/sparc/hardware b/distrib/notes/sparc/hardware index a97eb8287f42..01af93dcc6c5 100644 --- a/distrib/notes/sparc/hardware +++ b/distrib/notes/sparc/hardware @@ -1,27 +1,43 @@ -.\" $NetBSD: hardware,v 1.13 2000/10/10 12:55:22 lukem Exp $ +.\" $NetBSD: hardware,v 1.14 2000/10/21 04:49:26 mbw Exp $ . .Ss2 Supported machines .(bullet -offset indent -sun4c (e.g. the SS1, SS1+, SS2, IPC, ELC, IPX, and SLC) +sun4 (4/100, 4/200, 4/300, and 4/400) .It -sun4 (e.g. the 4/100, 4/200, and 4/300. Note that support -for the 4/400 processor is incomplete) +sun4c (SPARCstation/server 1, SPARCstation/server 1+, +SPARCstation/server 2, IPC, ELC, IPX, and SLC) .It -sun4m (e.g. Classic, LX, SS4, SS5, SS10, and SS20) +sun4c clones (Aries Parrot II, Opus/5000, Opus/5250, FORCE Sparc CPU1e/4, +FORCE Sparc CPU2e/4, and possibly more) +.(bullet -compact +NetBSD doesn't support the VME interface on the FORCE models) +.bullet) +.It +sun4m (4/600, SPARC Classic, SPARC LX, SPARCstation 4, +SPARCstation/server 5, SPARCstation/server 10, SPARCstation/server 20, +Voyager, and JavaStation 1) +.(bullet -compact +All known mbus modules are supported +.bullet) +.It +sun4m clones (Axil 245, Axil 311, Axil 320, Cycle C C Cycle 5-IP, +DTKstation/Classic+, RDI PowerLite-85, RDI PowerLite-110, RDI BriteLite, +Transtec SS5/170, Tatung microCOMPstation 5, TWS SuperCOMPstation-20S, +Tadpole SPARCbook 3 series, and possibly more) .bullet) . -.Ss2 Unsupported machines +.Ss2 Machines not supported by NetBSD/\*M .(bullet -offset indent -sun-4/400 (lacking support for the I/O cache, and has -ethernet problems) -.It sun4d (e.g. SPARCcenter 1000 and SPARCcenter 2000) .It -sun4u and other UltraSPARC based machines. -.Pp -There is a separate sparc64 port for these machines. -Refer to +sun4u and other UltraSPARC based machines are supported by the +.Nx +sparc64 port. Refer to .Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/index.html +.It +Solbourne machines +.It +Other JavaStation models .bullet) .Pp The minimal configuration requires 4 MB of RAM and ~60 MB of disk space. @@ -34,74 +50,134 @@ important than getting a faster CPU. . .Ss2 Supported devices .(bullet -offset indent -sun4c/sun4m sbus video +sun4c and sun4m video (sbus card, on-board, or optional) .(bullet -compact -cgsix, cgthree, and bwtwo frame buffers +bwtwo (1 bpp framebuffer, on-board and sbus card (MG1 and MG2)) .It -cgfourteen and tcx frame buffers (limited -.Dq emulation -mode) +cgthree (8 bpp framebuffer, on-board and sbus card) +.It +cgsix (8 bpp accelerated framebuffer, on-board and sbus card (GX, GX+, TGX, and TGX+)) +.It +cgfourteen (SX 24 bpp accelerated framebuffer, on-board SPARCstation 10SX and SPARCstation 20, requires optional 4 or 8 MB VSIMM, limited to cgthree emulation) +.It +tcx (S24 accelerated color framebuffer, on-board SPARCstation 4 (8 bpp) and +optional on SPARCstation 5 (24 bpp), limited to cgthree emulation) +.It +pnozz (Weitek p9100 24 bpp accelerated framebuffer, on-board Tadpole SPARCbook 3GS and 3GX, limited to cgthree emulation) .bullet) .It -sun4 video (not thoroughly tested?) +sun4 video (VME card, on-board, or P4 (supported only on 4/100 and 4/300 series machines)) .(bullet -compact -P4 on-board bwtwo +bwtwo (1 bpp framebuffer, on-board and P4) .It -VME cgtwo card +cgtwo (8 bpp framebuffer, VME card) +.It +cgfour (8 bpp framebuffer with overlay, P4) +.It +cgsix (LEGO 8 bpp accelerated framebuffer, P4) +.It +cgeight (24 bpp framebuffer with overlay, P4, not well tested) .bullet) .It -Serial ports +Network interfaces .(bullet -compact -ttya and ttyb (can be used as console if needed) +ie (10 Mbps Intel 82586 ethernet, on-board (4/100 and 4/200, may not be working properly on 4/400) and VME card) +.It +le (10 Mbps AMD 9790 Lance ethernet, on-board (4/300, sun4c, and sun4m) and sbus card) +.It +qec (one 100 Mbps be interface and four 10 Mbps Mace ethernet interfaces, sbus card) +.It +be (100 Mbps half-duplex "Big Mac" ethernet, sbus card) +.It +hme (100 Mbps full-duplex "Happy Meal" ethernet, sbus card, not well +tested) +.It +qfe (quad 100 Mbps full-duplex "Happy Meal" ethernet (four ethernet interfaces), sbus card, not well tested) +.It +misc (various ethernet interfaces are found on multi-function sbus cards (e.g. along with SCSI), the ethernet interfaces work even if the other functions do not) +.It +en (Efficient Networks, Inc. ATM interface) .bullet) .It -Ethernet +SCSI interfaces .(bullet -compact -On-board AMD Lance ethernet ("le0"), +isp (10 MB/s (Fast) and 20 MB/s (Fast+Wide) Qlogic ISP 10x0 family) .It -Sbus AMD Lance ethernet cards, +esp (5 MB/s and 10 MB/s (Fast) NCR 53C9x SCSI controller, on-board (sun4c, sun4m, and 4/300) and sbus card) .It -On-board Intel 82586 ethernet (ie0 on 4/100's and 4/200's), +si (5 MB/s NCR 5380 SCSI controller, VME card (Interrupt driven and polled DMA)) .It -VME Intel 82586 ethernet cards +sw (5 MB/s NCR 5380 SCSI controller, on-board 4/110 (polled DMA only)) +.It +misc (SCSI functionality is sometimes found on multi-function sbus cards (e.g. along with ethernet), the SCSI isp and esp portions of those cards should work, even if the other functions do not) +.(Note +See +.Lk http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq/ +for information on bootable CD-ROMs +.Note) .bullet) .It -SCSI +VME disk interfaces .(bullet -compact -On-board "esp" SCSI controller (sun4c, sun4m and the 4/300), -.It -Sbus "esp" SCSI controller, -.It -Sun "SUN-3"/"si" VME SCSI controller (polled mode only, slow), -.It -Sun "SCSI Weird"/"sw" on-board controller (4/110 only, polled) -.bullet) -.It -VME disks -.(bullet -compact -Xylogics 7053 VME/SMD disk controller ("xd"), -.It -Xylogics 450/451 VME disk controller ("xy") +xd (Xylogics 7053 VME/SMD disk controller) .It +xy (Xylogics 450/451 VME disk controller) .(Note VME/IPI disks are not supported .Note) .bullet) .It -Sun floppy disk drive +Floppy drives +.(bullet -compact +fd (floppy disk drive, on-board sun4c and sun4m) .It +sd (SCSI floppy drive, acts as a SCSI drive to kernel, found with some SPARCBook 3 machines) +.bullet) +.It +Serial interfaces +.(bullet -compact +on-board serial ports based on Zilog 8530 and Zilog 85C30 (can be used as console if needed) +.bullet) +.It +Input devices +.(bullet -compact Sun keyboard and mouse .It -sun4c audio +SPARCBook 3 keyboard and joystick .It -sun4m audio on Sparcstation Classic +Third-party keyboards, mice, and trackballs +.bullet) +.It +Audio +.(bullet -compact +audioamd (AMD 7930-based 8000 Hz, 8 bit, mono, mu-law, on-board sun4c and +SPARC Classic) +.It +audiocs (CS4231-based 44 KHz, 16 bit, stereo, PCM, on-board SPARCStation 5 +and optional on SPARCStation 4, does not support audio input) +.bullet) +.It +Misc cards +.(bullet -compact +mtty/mbpp (Magma Serial/Parallel sbus card) +.It +xbox (Sun sbus expander device) +.bullet) .bullet) -. .Ss2 Unsupported devices .(bullet -offset indent -Multi-processor sun4m machines +Use of more than one processor in sun4m machines (it boots, but only uses one processor) .It -audio drivers for sun4m machines (other than the Sparcstation Classic) +DBRIe-based audio and ISDN on-board some sun4m machines (such as SS10, +SS20, SPARC LX, and Tadpole SPARCbook) .It -Interrupt driven SCSI driver for sun-4/100's and sun-4/200's +sc (Sun SCSI VME card) +.It +bpp (bi-directional parallel port, on-board and sbus card) +.It +cgtwelve (a.k.a. GS, 24 bpp sbus framebuffer) +.It +leo (a.k.a. ZX and TZX, 24 bpp sbus framebuffer) +.It +nell (sbus-to-PCMCIA bridge) .bullet) diff --git a/distrib/notes/sparc/install b/distrib/notes/sparc/install index 43a28c01a434..d11275ea0f3d 100644 --- a/distrib/notes/sparc/install +++ b/distrib/notes/sparc/install @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.30 2000/10/20 12:26:41 pk Exp $ +.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.31 2000/10/21 04:49:26 mbw Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. @@ -39,154 +39,194 @@ this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble. .Pp There are several ways to install .Nx -onto a disk. The easiest way is to use the 'miniroot.fs' image copied to -your local disk's swap partition. -Alternatively, if your Sparcstation is hooked up in a network you -can find a server and arrange for a diskless setup which is a -convenient way to install on a machine whose disk does not currently -hold a usable operating system (see the section `Installing -.Nx -by using a diskless setup' below). Also available is -a two-disk bootable 1.44 MB floppy image set that can be used to boot into -the miniroot environment. -. -.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the NetBSD miniroot -. -The miniroot is a self-contained -.Nx -filesystem holding all utilities -necessary to install -.Nx -on a local disk. It is distributed as a plain -file designed to be transferred to a raw disk partition from which it can -be booted using the appropriate PROM command. Usually, the miniroot will -be loaded into the swap partition of a disk. If needed, you can use any -other unused partition, but remember that in the case of 'miniroot.fs' -the partition will then not available during the installation process. +onto your system. The easiest way is to use the `miniroot.fs' image copied to +your local disk's swap partition or a scratch drive. +If your sparc is hooked up in a network, you may configure another +.Ux +machine as a netboot server for your sparc. Alternatively, there is a pair of +floppy images that will boot your system and run the installer. .Pp -Loading the miniroot onto your raw partition is simple. On -.Nx -as well as SunOS you use a command like: -.Dl # Ic dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k conv=sync -(Here, `/dev/rsd0b' is assumed to be your swap partition.) There's a -potential problem here if /dev/rsd0b is actually in use as a swap -partition by your currently running system. If you don't have another -disk or partition to spare, you can usually get away with running this -command anyway after first booting into single-user mode to ensure a -quiet system. +For more information on the commands and variables available in +the OpenBoot PROM (present in all sun4c and sun4m machines), go to +.Lk http://docs.sun.com +and search for ``openboot reference'' (without quotes). .Pp -After transferring the miniroot to disk, bring the system down by: +.Sx Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable filesystem on a partitioned hard drive +.Pp +.Sx Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM +.Pp +.Sx Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies +.Pp +.Sx Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup +. +.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable filesystem on a partitioned hard drive +. +.Pa installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz +is a compressed, self-contained +.Nx +filesystem holding all utilities necessary to install +.Nx +onto a disk attached to your system. It is distributed as a compressed plain +file you will transfer to a raw disk partition. You will then boot +this installer using the appropriate PROM command. The simplest case is +where you place the `miniroot.fs' filesystem on the swap partition of +your disk. Alternatively, you can place it on any +other unused partition on any disk (such as a Zip disk). Be forewarned +that you will not be able to install +.Nx +onto the partition that contains the `miniroot.fs' as this partition is +needed during the install process. +.Pp +Loading the filesystem onto a raw partition is straightforward. +First, download miniroot.fs to your system. Next, reboot in single-user +mode (i.e. `boot -s') to ensure that your system will not be swapping. +Finally, place the miniroot.fs on your partition of choice. On +.Nx +or SunOS the commands are: +.Pp +.Dl # Ic "gunzip miniroot.fs.gz" +.Dl # Ic "dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k conv=sync" +Here, `/dev/rsd0b' is assumed to be your swap partition. If you decide to +place miniroot.fs on a non-swap partition, it will overwrite all of the +contents of that partition, but you will not need to reboot into single-user +mode to write it. +.Pp +After transferring the filesystem to disk, bring the system down by: .Dl # Ic halt .Pp -Then boot the miniroot by typing the appropriate command at the PROM: -.Dl \*> Ic "b sd(,,1)netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors -.Dl ok Ic "boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs -.Dl ok Ic "boot disk:b netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs +Then boot the installer by typing the appropriate +command at the PROM prompt (this example is for the swap partition): +.Dl \*> Ic b sd(,,1)netbsd -s Li # for sunmon +.Dl ok Ic boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s Li # for OpenBOOT PROM 1 +.Dl ok Ic boot disk:b netbsd -s Li # for OpenBOOT PROM 2 .Pp -If you've loaded the miniroot onto some other disk than `sd0' adapt -the boot specifier accordingly, e.g.: -.Dl ok Ic boot disk1:b netbsd -s -to boot from SCSI disk target 1 from a version 2 OpenBOOT ROM. -If you have to use the old-style -.Ic sd( Ns Ar c,u,p Ns Ic \&) -syntax to boot from a -SCSI disk, you can calculate the parameters as follows: -.(tag xcc -.It Ar c -specifies the controller number -.It Ar u -the hexadecimal number obtained from evaluating -the expression `(8 * TARGET) + LUN' -.It Ar p -the partition number from which to boot (0=`a', 1=`b', etc). -.tag) -.Pp -The monitor boot command will cause the +The monitor boot command will load the .Nx kernel contained in the -miniroot image to be booted. After the initial probe messages you'll be +filesystem image. After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section .Sx Running the installation scripts. below. . -.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppy +.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM +. +If you wish to burn a CD-R containing a bootable NetBSD installation, +then you can either burn the prepared disk image in +.Pa installation/cdrom/netbsd-sparc.iso +or create your own. +If you wish to create your own, you should follow the directions on the +.Nx +Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO at: +.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/bootcd.html#sparcimage +.Pp +Once you have downloaded +.Pa netbsd-sparc.iso +or created your own disk image, then you need to burn it to a CD-R. +.Pp +The CD-ROM attached to your sparc must support 512 byte sectors to be +bootable. +All Sun brand CD-ROMs will work, as well as many other manufacturers. See +the Sun CD-ROM FAQ: +.Lk http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq/ +.Pp +Sun sets their CD-ROM drives to SCSI ID 6. We recommend you do the same. +.Pp +Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt: +.Dl \*> Ic b sd(,30,) Li # for sunmon +.Dl ok Ic boot sd(,30,) Li # for OpenBOOT PROM 1 +.Dl ok Ic boot cdrom Li # for OpenBOOT PROM 2 +.Pp +After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the +install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section +.Sx Running the installation scripts. +below. +. +.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies . The .Nx -install floppy works only on the sun4c and sun4m class. -Making the install floppy is simple: +install floppies only work on the sun4c and sun4m machines. +Making the install floppies is fairly straightforward. .Pp -Get two formatted floppy disks. If you have unformatted disks you can -run the +.Nx +and SunOS use the same commands. First, get two 1.44 MB +floppy disks and format them either using the .Xr fdformat 8 -program that comes with -.Nx -as well as SunOS. Use the following command: +command or a PC. .Dl # Ic "fdformat" -.Pp -Make sure that the `fdformat' command completes successfully before proceeding -to with the next step; on +Be sure that the `fdformat' command completes successfully before proceeding; +on .Nx -, a string of all `V's, and on SunOS, a string of +success is a string of all `V's, and on SunOS success is a string of all `.'s. -Alternatively, you can use almost any PC to format your floppy disks. .Pp -Next, transfer the floppy images onto the floppy disks: -.Dl # Ic "insert the first disk" +Next, transfer the two floppy images ( +.Pa installation/floppy/boot.fs.gz +and +.Pa installation/floppy/instfs.fs.gz +) to the disks you just formatted. +You can do this step from +.Nx +, SunOS, or a Windows machine using +.Nm rawrite.exe + (available in the NetBSD/i386 distribution). +Insert the first floppy and run the following commands: .Dl # Ic "gunzip boot.fs.gz" .Dl # Ic "dd if=boot.fs of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k" .Dl # Ic "eject floppy" -Label this disk -.Dq NetBSD bootfs . .Pp -.Dl # Ic "insert the first disk" -.Dl # Ic "dd if=instfs.tgz of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k" +Insert the second floppy and run the following commands: +.Dl # Ic "gunzip instfs.fs.gz" +.Dl # Ic "dd if=instfs.fs of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k" .Dl # Ic "eject floppy" -Label this disk -.Dq NetBSD instfs . .Pp -You can also accomplish this task on a Windows system by using the -.Nm rawrite.exe -command provided with the NetBSD/i386 install tools. +Be sure to label your floppies so you can later identify them. .Pp -Insert the disk labeled -.Dq NetBSD bootfs -into the floppy drive of the target system. -From the OpenBOOT prompt, the following should boot the system from the floppy. -.Dl ok Ic "boot fd(,,1) # Version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs -.Dl ok Ic "boot /fd # or -.Dl ok Ic "boot floppy # Version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs +Insert the floppy labeled `boot.fs' into your sparc. +From the OpenBOOT prompt, boot the floppy with the following command: +.Dl ok Ic boot fd(,,1) # for OpenBOOT PROM 1 +.Dl ok Ic boot /fd # for OpenBoot PROM 1 (alternate) +.Dl ok Ic boot floppy # for OpenBOOT PROM 2 .Pp -After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to insert the disk labeled -.Dq NetBSD instfs -into the drive. After the installation tools from the second disk have -been loaded, you will be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. -Proceed to the section -.Sx Running the installation scripts +After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to insert the floppy +labeled "NetBSD instfs". After the installation tools have been loaded +from the `instfs' floppy, you'll be asked to start +the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section +.Sx Running the installation scripts. below. . -.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a diskless setup +.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup . -First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. If -you are using a +First, you must setup a netboot server to provide the services and files +your client needs. If you are using a .Nx -system as the boot-server, have a look at the +system as the netboot server, have a look at the .Xr diskless 8 -manual page for guidelines on how to proceed with this. -If the server runs another operating system, you'll have to consult -documentation that came with it. (On SunOS systems, add_client(8) is a -good start.) +manual page for a more detailed guide on how to proceed with this. +If the server runs another operating system, you should consult the +.Nx +Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to +configure a netboot server on a variety of platforms. +.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/network/netboot/ .Pp -Your Sparcstation expects to be able to download a second stage bootstrap -program via TFTP after having acquired its IP address through RevARP when -instructed to boot "over the net". It will look for a filename composed of +This section will briefly describe what happens during a sparc +netboot, and the next section will give a brief set of directions on how +to set up your server. Your sparc initially broadcasts a RARP request, and +expects a server +to reply with your client's IP address. Next, it downloads a second stage +bootstrap program via TFTP from the server +that responded to the RARP request. It will look for a filename composed of the machine's IP address followed by the machine's architecture, separated by a period. For example, a sun4c machine which has been assigned IP address 130.115.144.11, will make an TFTP request for `8273900B.SUN4C'. -Normally, this file is a symbolic link to an appropriate second-stage +This file is a symbolic link to the second-stage boot program, which should be located in a place where the TFTP daemon can find it (remember, many TFTP daemons run in a chroot'ed environment). -You can find the boot program in +.Pp +The boot program to use is +.Pa installation/netboot/boot.net +Alternatively, you can find +the bootstrap program in .Pa /usr/mdec/boot.net in the .Nx*M @@ -201,275 +241,149 @@ transformed in a way that makes it usable on all versions of Sparc PROMs. After the boot program has been loaded into memory and given control by the PROM, it starts locating the machine's remote root directory through the BOOTPARAM protocol. First a BOOTPARAM WHOAMI request is broadcast -on the local net. The answer to this request (if it comes in) contains +on the local net. The answer to this request should contain the client's name. This name is used in next step, a BOOTPARAM GETFILE request -- sent to the server that responded to the WHOAMI request -- requesting the name and address of the machine that will serve the client's root directory, as well as the path of the client's root on that server. .Pp -Finally, this information (if it comes in) is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT +Finally, this information is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT request to the client's root filesystem server, asking for an NFS file -handle corresponding to the root filesystem. If successful, the boot +handle corresponding to the root filesystem. Once the NFS mount is complete, the boot program starts reading from the remote root filesystem in search of the kernel which is then read into memory. .Pp +. +.Ss2 Configuring your netboot server +. +Follow this section to configure a +.Nx +machine as your netboot server. We will use ``CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC'' as the +MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client machine +that you wish to install +.Nx +on. We use ``192.168.1.10'' as the IP address of your client, and +``client.test.net'' as the name. The server name is ``server.test.net'', +and the path on the server to the NFS exported directory is +.Pa /export/client/root +although you may choose to use a different path. Create an +.Pa /etc/ethers +file with the following line: +.Dl "CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC client" +Add your client to the server's +.Pa /etc/hosts +file: +.Dl "192.168.1.10 client" +If rarpd is currently running, restart it (kill -HUP), otherwise start +rarpd: +.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/rarpd -a" +Next, create +.Pa /etc/bootparams +with the following line: +.Dl "client root=server:/export/client/root" +If rpc.bootparamd is currently running, restart it (kill -HUP), otherwise +start rpc.bootparamd: +.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/rpc.bootparamd" +Now, make sure the bootloader in +.Pa /tftpboot +is linked to, or a copy of, +.Pa boot.net +and is named appropriately for your client +(in this case, it would be C0A8010A.SUN4C). +.Dl # Ic "cp boot.net /tftpboot" +.Dl # Ic "ln -s /tftpboot/boot.net /tftpboot/C0A8010A.SUN4C" +Now, you should edit +.Pa /etc/inetd.conf +and make sure that the line starting with +.Pa tftp +is uncommented. You will need to kill -HUP the inetd process to enable +tftp if this line was previously commented out. The next +step is to set up NFS exports. Create the directory you are exporting for +the netboot client: +.Dl # Ic "mkdir -p /export/client/root" +Put the following line in +.Pa /etc/exports +to enable NFS sharing: +.Dl "/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net" +If your server is currently running NFS services, you only need to kill +-HUP the mountd process. Otherwise, you need to run: +.Dl # Ic "/sbin/mountd" +.Dl # Ic "/sbin/nfsd -tun 4" +Now, you need to place the files your netboot client will need. As noted above in the section .Pa Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation -you have several options when choosing a location to store the installation -filesets. However, the easiest way is to put the -.Pa *.tar.gz -files you want -to install into the root directory for your client on the server. -.Pp -.ie 0 \{\ -.\" section commented out because netbsd.ram.gz is no longer self-contained -Next you must select whether to use the easier 'sysinst' or more flexible -script based install. -. -.Ss2 Diskless sysinst installation -. -Follow this section and skip the next if you wish to use the easier 'sysinst' -installation method. -.Pp -Copy the installation/bootfs/netbsd.ram.gz image into the exported -root directory for your machine, then boot your workstation from the +you have several options when choosing a location to store the +distribution +filesets. However, the easiest way is to put the distribution +files into the exported directory for your client on the server. +.Dl # Ic "mv *.tgz /export/client/root" +Your client will need a kernel to boot (use +.Pa binary/kernel/netbsd.GENERIC.gz +). +.Dl # Ic "gunzip netbsd.GENERIC.gz" +.Dl # Ic "mv netbsd.GENERIC /export/client/root/netbsd" +Your client will need installation tools (use +.Pa installation/netboot/miniroot.tgz +). +.Dl # Ic "gunzip miniroot.tgz" +.Dl # Ic "cd /export/client/root" +.Dl # Ic "tar -xf miniroot.tar" +Now, netboot your sparc from the server by entering the appropriate `boot' command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine, this command takes one of the following forms: -.Dl "\*> b le()netbsd.ram.gz # for sun4 monitors -.Dl "ok boot le()netbsd.ram.gz # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs -.Dl "ok boot net netbsd.ram.gz # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs +.Dl \*> Ic b le()netbsd Li # for sunmon +.Dl ok Ic boot le()netbsd Li # for OpenBOOT PROM 1 +.Dl ok Ic boot net netbsd Li # for OpenBOOT PROM 2 .Pp -This will boot the -.Nx -kernel in single-user mode. -.(Note -The latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in -"new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `\*>' prompt -instead of `ok', type: -.Dl "\*>n # enter native OpenBOOT mode -.Dl "ok setenv sunmon-compat? false # make it permanent -.Dl "ok -.Note) -. -.\} -.Ss2 Diskless script installation -. -.ie 0 \{\ -Follow this section and skip the previous if you wish to use the more -flexible 'miniroot' script installation method. -.Pp -.\} -Unpack `base.tar.gz', `etc.tar.gz', and 'kern.tgz' on the server in -the root directory for your machine. If you elect to use a separately -NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' with your diskless setup, make sure the -"./usr" base files in base.tar.gz end up in the correct location. One way -to do this is to temporarily use a loopback mount on the server, re-routing -.Ar root Ns Pa /usr -to your server's exported -.Nx -.Pa /usr -directory. Also put 'install.*' and 'upgrade.sh' from the -.Pa installation/netboot/ -directory into the root directory. -.Pp -A few configuration files need to be edited: -.(tag indent -.It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/hosts -Add the IP addresses of both server and client. - -.It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/myname -This files contains the client's hostname; use the same -name as in \*/etc/hosts. - -.It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/fstab -Enter the entries for the remotely mounted filesystems. -For example: -.Dl server:/export/root/client / nfs rw 0 0 -.Dl server:/export/exec/sun4.netbsd /usr nfs rw 0 0 -.tag) -.Pp -Now you must populate the `/dev' directory for your client. If your server -runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to -.Ar root Ns Pa /dev -and run the MAKEDEV script: -.Ic sh MAKEDEV all . -.Pp -On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error -messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential -for the purpose of installing -.Nx . -However, you may want to correct them -if you plan to use the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run -MAKEDEV on your -.Nx -machine once it has booted. -.Pp -If you to use the server setup for installation purposes only, then you -may create a considerably smaller client filesystem by unpacking -`instfs.tgz' (found in the `installation/bootfs' distribution directory) -into your client's NFS root directory instead of using `base.tar.gz' -and `etc.tar.gz'. You still need 'kern.tgz' to extract a kernel, -since `instfs.tgz' does not contain one. -.Pp -Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot' -command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine, -this command takes one of the following forms: -.Dl "\*> b le()netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors -.Dl "ok boot le()netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs -.Dl "ok boot net netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs -.Pp -This will boot the -.Nx -kernel in single-user mode. -.(Note -The latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in -"new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `\*>' prompt -instead of `ok', type: -.Dl "\*>n # enter native OpenBOOT mode -.Dl "ok setenv sunmon-compat? false # make it permanent -.Dl "ok -.Note) -.Pp -If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem, -mount -.Pa /usr -by hand now: -.Dl netbsd# Ic mount /usr -.Pp -.(Note -the text editor provided nu the miniroot is -.Xr vi 1 . -.Note) -When using -.Xr disklabel 8 -to edit disklabels the -e switch will invoke the editor on the -label. The -i switch will run an interactive session. -.Pp -At this point, it's worth checking the disk label and partition sizes on -the disk you want to install -.Nx -onto. -.Nx -understands SunOS-style -disklabels, so if your disk was previously used by SunOS there will be -a usable label on it. Use `disklabel -e \*' or `disklabel -i -\*' (where \* is the device name assigned by the -.Nx -kernel, e.g. `sd0') to view and modify the partition sizes. See -the section -.Sx Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation -above for suggestions about disk partition sizes. -.Pp -If you are installing on a SCSI disk that does -.Em not -have a SunOS or -.Nx -label on it, you may still be able to use disklabel(8) but you'll -have to create all partitions from scratch. If your disk is listed in -`/etc/disktab', you may use the entry (which in most cases only defines -a `c' partition to describe the whole disk) to put an initial label on -the disk. Then proceed with `disklabel -e \*' or `disklabel -i -\*' to create a partition layout that suits your needs. -.(Note -Because of the built-in compatibility with SunOS-style labels, -.Em Always make sure all your partitions -.Em start and end on cylinder boundaries. -.Note) -.Pp -Here follows an example of what you'll see while in the dislabel editor. -Do not touch any of the parameters except for the `label: ' entry and -the actual partition size information at the bottom (the lines starting -with `a:', `b:', ...). -.Pp -The size and offset fields are given in sector units. Be sure to make -these numbers multiples of the of the number of sectors per cylinder: -the kernel might be picky about these things, but aside from this you'll -have the least chance of wasting disk space. -Partitions on which you intend to have a mountable filesystem, should -be given fstype `4.2BSD'. Remember, the `c' partition should describe -the whole disk. -The `(Cyl. x - y)' info that appears after the hash (`#') character is -treated as a comment and need not be filled in when altering partitions. -.(Note -The line containing `8 partitions:' is best left alone, -even if you define less then eight partitions. If this line displays -a different number and the program complains about it (after you leave -the editor), then try setting it to `8 partitions:'. -.Note) -.Ss2 Sample disklabel screen -.(disp -netbsd# disklabel sd2 - # /dev/rsd2c: -type: SCSI -disk: SCSI disk -label: Hold Your Breath -flags: -bytes/sector: 512 -sectors/track: 64 -tracks/cylinder: 7 -sectors/cylinder: 448 -cylinders: 1429 -rpm: 3600 -interleave: 1 -trackskew: 0 -cylinderskew: 0 -headswitch: 0 # milliseconds -track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds -drivedata: 0 - -8 partitions: -# size offset fstype [fsz bsz cpg] - a: 50176 0 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 111) - b: 64512 50176 swap # (Cyl. 112 - 255) - c: 640192 0 unknown # (Cyl. 0 - 1428) - d: 525504 114688 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 256 - 1428) -.disp) -.Pp -If you are upgrading a -.Nx -installation, start the upgrade script: -.Dl netbsd# Ic sh upgrade.sh -else, start the installation script: -.Dl netbsd# Ic sh install.sh +After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the +install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section +.Sx Running the installation scripts. +below. . .Ss2 Running the installation scripts . -The installation system will do most of the work of transferring the -system from the distribution sets onto your disk. You will frequently be -asked for confirmation before the system proceeds with each phase of the -installation process. +If you booted your system using the `miniroot.fs' image or the CD-ROM image, +you will be presented with a choice of two installation methods: a new +full-screen `sysinst' program, or the traditional script-based `miniroot' +program. The `sysinst' program is easier to use, but the `miniroot' program +is more flexible. Both of these installation methods will follow the same +set of procedures and will fully install +.Nx +on your sparc. .Pp -Note: the -.Ox -miniroot also supports the use of the experimental -full-screen installation program -.Dq sysinst . -To use sysinst instead of the default installtion script, follow the -on-screen instruction that is displayed after the miniroot has started. +You will frequently be asked for confirmation before the system proceeds +with each phase of the installation process. .Pp Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the -name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names +name of the disk you want to install on, partitioning information, +or IP addresses and domain names you want to assign. If your system has more than one disk, you may want -to look at the output of the dmesg(8) command to see how your disks +to look at the output of the +.Xr dmesg 8 +command to see how your disks have been identified by the kernel. +.(Note +If you repartition a hard drive, be certain that every partition starts +on a cylinder boundary for compatability with the sparc ROM. +.Note) .Pp The installation script goes through the following phases: .(bullet -compact -determination of the disk on to install +determination of the disk on which to install .Nx .It -checking of the partition information on the disk +checking/creation of the partition information on the disk .It creating and mounting the .Nx filesystems .It -setup of IP configuration +setup of network configuration .It extraction of the distribution tar files .It -installation of boot programs +installation of bootstrap programs .bullet) .Pp Now try a reboot. Initially I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then @@ -477,18 +391,16 @@ try multiuser after that. If you boot single-user the .Nx incantation to make the root filesystem writable is .Dl netbsd# Ic mount -u /dev/sd0a / -The Sun monitor might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load -a file called "vmunix". On OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load +Your PROM might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load +a file called "vmunix". On OpenBOOT PROM systems you can change it to load "netbsd" instead using the following commands: .Pp -On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs: -.Dl \*>n +On OpenBOOT PROM 1: .Dl ok Ic setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd -.Dl ok .Pp -On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs: +On OpenBOOT PROM 2: .Dl ok Ic setenv boot-file netbsd -.Dl ok Ic setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0 +.Dl ok Ic setenv boot-device disk:a .Pp .Em Congratulations , you have successfully installed diff --git a/distrib/notes/sparc/prep b/distrib/notes/sparc/prep index f4e88a7bf6ae..90f891bc20ea 100644 --- a/distrib/notes/sparc/prep +++ b/distrib/notes/sparc/prep @@ -1,54 +1,150 @@ -.\" $NetBSD: prep,v 1.9 2000/10/10 12:55:22 lukem Exp $ +.\" $NetBSD: prep,v 1.10 2000/10/21 04:49:26 mbw Exp $ . -Before you start you might need to consider your disk configuration -to sort out a quirk in SCSI-ID to SD-UNIT mapping that exists on -Sun Sparcstations. +.Ss2 Configuring your ROM +. +Before you start, you should configure your ROM. There are three +categories of ROM: ``sunmon'' (sometimes called Restricted Prompt, +sun monitor, or old command mode), OpenBoot PROM 1, and OpenBoot PROM 2. +The sun4 machines only have sunmon. Some of the early sun4c models +default to sunmon but have OpenBoot PROM 1 (OBP1). The later sun4c +models and all sun4m models have OBP2. .Pp -Upon leaving the factory, SunOS and the OpenBOOT ROM map according to -this table: -.Bl -column -offset indent SCSI-ID SunOS\ SD-Unit -.It Tn Em SCSI-ID Ta Tn Em SunOS\ SD-Unit -.It \~\~\~0 Ta \~\~\~sd3 -.It \~\~\~1 Ta \~\~\~sd1 -.It \~\~\~2 Ta \~\~\~sd2 -.It \~\~\~3 Ta \~\~\~sd0 -.It \~\~\~4 Ta \~\~\~sd4 -.It \~\~\~5 Ta \~\~\~sd5 -.It \~\~\~6 Ta \~\~\~sd6 +First, you should set your system to always use the OpenBoot PROM +(sometimes called ``new command mode'') if it defaults to sunmon. The +.Nx +kernel relies on some of the functionality provided by the OBP. +If your machine gives you a `\*>' prompt instead of an `ok' prompt, +type: +.Pp +.Dl \*> Ic n +.Dl ok Ic setenv sunmon-compat? false +.Dl ok +.Pp +Next, if you are using any security features of OBP, you should turn +them off -- NetBSD can't deal well with this. +.Dl ok Ic setenv security-mode none +.Pp +The OBP1 machines (SPARCstation/server 1, SPARCstation/server 1+, +IPC, and SLC) have an odd SCSI quirk you should be aware of. +There are three SCSI addressing schemes used by your +system: SCSI ID (set by physical jumpers on the device), +SCSI target (set by OBP1, based on its SCSI ID), and the name you +reference within an operating system (set by the kernel, based on the SCSI +target). +.Pp +Sun shipped these systems with the internal drive at SCSI ID 0. +The default value of the OBP variable +.Pa sd-targets +is +.Pa 31204567. +The means that the device at SCSI ID 3 is +at SCSI target 0, and the SCSI device at ID 0 is at target 3. +When you type ``boot scsi(0,0,0)'', OBP will boot from target 0 +(that is, SCSI ID 3). The +SunOS kernel is hard-wired to map sd0 to SCSI target 3, and sd3 +to SCSI target 0. This means that SCSI ID 0 (target 3) is sd0, SCSI ID +1 (target 1) is sd1, +and so on. Essentially, SunOS reverses the OBP target remapping. +.Bl -column -offset indent SCSI\ ID SCSI\ Target SunOS\ SD-Unit +.It Em SCSI-ID Ta Em SCSI\ Target Ta Em SunOS\ SD-Unit +.It \~\~\~0 Ta \~\~\~3 Ta \~\~\~sd0 +.It \~\~\~1 Ta \~\~\~1 Ta \~\~\~sd1 +.It \~\~\~2 Ta \~\~\~2 Ta \~\~\~sd2 +.It \~\~\~3 Ta \~\~\~0 Ta \~\~\~sd3 +.It \~\~\~4 Ta \~\~\~4 Ta \~\~\~st0 +.It \~\~\~5 Ta \~\~\~5 Ta \~\~\~st1 +.It \~\~\~6 Ta \~\~\~6 Ta \~\~\~cdrom .El .Pp -Unlike SunOS and the OpenBOOT ROM, a generic NetBSD kernel numbers -scsi drives sequentially as it finds them. The drive with the -lowest scsi-id will be called sd0, the next one sd1, etc. +The +.Nx +kernel is not hard-wired in this manner and names the disks in the order +that the targets are probed (01234567). If you only have one disk, it is +always sd0 irregardless of its SCSI ID or target, and there are no +problems. If you have two disks, one at +SCSI ID 2 (target 2) and SCSI ID 3 (target 0), then they are recognized +as sd1 and sd0 respectively. This can be a problem if you are not +aware of it, particularly when creating an fstab. .Pp -To ease the installation process, the default NetBSD kernel in the -distribution is setup to match the Sun mapping above by hard-wiring -scsi-id#3 to sd0 and scsi-id#0 to sd3. The remaining drives will be -dynamically mapped to other sd* numbers. +There are two approaches to fixing this problem: changing OBP1, and +changing the +.Nx +kernel. To get OBP1 to number the SCSI targets the same as the SCSI +IDs, you need to run this command: +.Dl ok Ic setenv sd-targets 01234567 +This may, however, cause problems if you were to later attempt to use +SunOS on this machine or if you reset the OBP variables. .Pp -A truly generic NetBSD kernel is also provided as `/netbsd.GENERIC', -which will do the standard NetBSD probe ordering. If your configuration -differs from the default Sun setup, you can try to use this kernel to -complete the installation. +The other approach is to use a +.Nx +kernel that reverses this odd target mapping by treating target 0 +(i.e. SCSI ID 3) as sd3 and target 3 (i.e. SCSI ID 0) as sd0. +The GENERIC_SCSI3 kernel performs this target remapping, but the +GENERIC and INSTALL kernels do not. .Pp .(Note This is also a concern when you start building your own customised kernels. .Note) .Pp -Your OpenBOOT ROM may need some setup. make sure you boot from `new -command mode'. If your machine comes up and gives you a `\*>' prompt -instead of `ok', type: -.Dl \*> Ic n -.Dl ok Ic setenv sunmon-compat? false -.Dl ok -This is needed because the NetBSD kernel relies on functionality provided -by OpenBOOT ROMs -- the ability to pass down Forth commands and have them -executed in the ROM -- that appears to go away when the OpenBOOT ROM -operates in `old monitor compatibility' mode. +The machines with OBP2 (SPARCstation/server 2, ELC, IPX, and all sun4m +models) do not have this target mapping problem. You should be aware, +however, that some models have their internal hard drives fixed at +SCSI ID 3, so it may still be advantageous to use the GENERIC_SCSI3 +kernel to ensure that your internal drive shows up as sd0. +. +.Ss2 Determining how to access your SCSI disk from the ROM +. +sunmon and OBP1 use a strange +.Ic sd( Ns Ar c,u,p Ns Ic \&) +syntax to address SCSI devices. OBP2 uses a more intuitive +syntax using device aliases. .Pp -Also, you cannot use the security modes of the sparc OpenBOOT ROM. -.Dl ok Ic setenv security-mode none +To calculate the parameters for sunmon and OBP1: +.(tag xcc +.It Ar c +specifies the SCSI controller number (first is 0, second is 1, ...) +.It Ar u +the hexadecimal number obtained from evaluating +the expression `(8 * TARGET) + LUN' +.It Ar p +the partition number from which to boot (0=`a', 1=`b', etc). +.tag) +Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive +(first SCSI bus, target 0, lun 0, partition 1), one would use: +.Dl ok Ic "boot sd(0,0,1)" +To boot from a CD-ROM (first SCSI bus, target 6, +lun 0, partition dynamically determined), one would use: +.Dl ok Ic "boot sd(0,30,)" +And, to boot from the fourth (`d', typically +.Pa usr +) partition on an external hard drive (first SCSI bus, target 2, lun 0, +partition 3), one would use: +.Dl ok Ic "boot sd(0,10,3)" .Pp +Now, for OBP2, SCSI devices are specified by an OpenBOOT +.Pa devalias +which provides simple mnemonics for the full path to the device. Type +.Pa devalias +in OBP2 to get a list of all of the available aliases. +Just the alias and partition are necessary when booting. +.Pp +Therefore, to boot from the swap partition on the internal hard drive +(OBP2 assumes the internal hard drive is at target 3), one would use: +.Dl ok Ic "boot disk:b" +To boot from a CD-ROM (OBP2 assumes the CD-ROM is at target 6), one would use: +.Dl ok Ic "boot cdrom" +And, to boot from the fourth (`d', typically +.Pa usr Ns +) partition on an external hard drive (target 2, partition 3), one would use: +.Dl ok Ic "boot disk2:d" +.Pp +The full device path specifier for OBP2 depends on how OBP2 recognizes +your SCSI controller. Typically, one would use something like: +.Pa /sbus/esp/sd@ Ns Ar t,p +where t is the SCSI target and p is the partition number. +. +.Ss2 Deciding on partition sizes +. If you're installing .Nx*M for the first time it's a good idea @@ -60,14 +156,22 @@ a good initial size for the swap partition is twice the amount of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike SunOS 4.x, there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition that would render part of your memory unusable). A full binary installation takes about 60 MB in `/usr'. -.Pp +. +.Ss2 Configuration of network interfaces +. Some network devices (i.e. the built-in `le' interface on sun4m machines) allow a choice between operating on a UTP or a AUI port. The `le' driver supports automatic detection of the port which is actually connected to -the wire. +the wire. Additionally, some of the Fast ethernet devices (such as `be', +`hme', `qec', and `qfe') support selection of various speeds and options. +The default is to attempt to automatically detect the speed. .Pp If automatic detection is not available or not working properly in your environment, you may have to specify the type connection using the `media' parameter of ifconfig(8). During installation, you'll get the -opportunity to specify the appropriate medium. Use ``10base5/AUI'' -to select the AUI connector, or ``10baseT/UTP'' to select the UTP connector. +opportunity to specify the appropriate medium. Use ``10base5'' or ``AUI'' +to select the AUI connector, or ``10baseT'' or ``UTP'' to select the UTP +connector. Fast ethernet interfaces default to ``auto'', which +usually does not detect properly and runs at ``10BaseT'' speed. The +options are ``10baseT'', ``100baseTX'', and ``auto''. The hme and qfe +interfaces also allow ``10baseT-FDX'' and ``100baseTX-FDX''. diff --git a/distrib/notes/sparc/upgrade b/distrib/notes/sparc/upgrade index d168bffc458d..07e3a7442fd8 100644 --- a/distrib/notes/sparc/upgrade +++ b/distrib/notes/sparc/upgrade @@ -1,46 +1,3 @@ -.\" $NetBSD: upgrade,v 1.10 2000/10/10 12:55:22 lukem Exp $ -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. -.\" All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD -.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its -.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived -.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS -.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED -.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR -.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS -.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR -.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF -.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS -.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN -.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) -.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE -.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" +.\" $NetBSD: upgrade,v 1.11 2000/10/21 04:49:26 mbw Exp $ . -To upgrade to -.Nx \*V -from a previous version follow the instructions in the section -.Sx Installing NetBSD , -but run the script -.Pa upgrade.sh -instead of -.Pa install.sh . -.Pp -The upgrade script will use the existing disk partitions to install the -new system in, and also preserves the files in -.Pa /etc . +.so ../common/upgrade