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$NetBSD: INSTALL,v 1.71 1998/12/09 08:03:46 scottr Exp $
#define _FOR_RELEASE 0 /* 0 == snapshot; 1 == release */
INSTALLATION NOTES for NetBSD/_MACH _VER
Be sure to read _ALL_ of this document before you try to install
NetBSD/_MACH.
What is NetBSD?
---- -- ------
The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional UN*X-like system
derived from the Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite,
and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on many architectures and is
being ported to more.
NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community.
Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes
possible, it's likely that this release wouldn't have come about.
#if _FOR_RELEASE
The NetBSD _VER release is a landmark. Building upon the successful
NetBSD 1.2 release, we have provided numerous and significant
functional enhancements, including support for many new devices,
integration of many bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and
many userland enhancements. The results of these improvements is a
stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most
commercially available systems.
It is impossible to summarize the 18 months of development that went
into the NetBSD _VER release. Some of the significant changes include:
Support for machine independent device drivers has been
radically improved with the addition of the "bus.h" interface,
providing a high quality abstraction for machine and
architecture independent device access.
The bus_dma interface has also been integrated, providing a
machine-independent abstraction for DMA mapping. This permits many
good things, including (among many) clean multi-platform
bounce buffer support.
Framework support for ISA "Plug and Play" has been added, as
well as support for numerous "Plug and Play" devices.
APM support has been added to NetBSD/i386.
An initial cut of multi-platform PCMCIA support has been added.
Support for ATAPI devices (initially just ATAPI CD-ROM drives)
has been added.
Support for Sun 3/80s (sun3x architecture) has been added.
Support for R4000 DECstations has been added.
Integration/merger of 4.4BSD Lite-2 sources into userland
programs has nearly been completed.
Most of userland now compiles with high levels of gcc warnings
turned on, which has lead to the discovery and elimination of
many bugs.
The i386 boot blocks have been completely replaced with a new,
libsa based two stage boot system. This has permitted
integration of compressed boot support (see below).
Many ports now support booting of compressed kernels, and
feature new "Single Floppy" install systems that boot
compressed install kernels and ramdisks. We intend to do
substantial work on improving ease of installation in the
future.
"ypserv" has been added, thus completing our support for the
"yp" network information system suite.
Support for the Linux "ext2fs" filesystem and for FAT32 "msdosfs"
filesystems has been added.
TCP now has a SYN "compressed state engine" which provides
increased robustness under high levels of received SYNs (as in
the case of "SYN flood" attacks.) (Much of this code was
derived from sources provided by BSDI.)
An initial implementation of Path MTU discovery has been
integrated (though it is not turned on by default).
An initial kernel based random number generator pseudodevice has
been added.
Several major fixes have been integrated for the VM subsystem,
including the fix of a notorious VM leak, improved
synchronization between mmap()ed and open()ed files, and
massively improved performance in low real memory conditions.
A new swap subsystem has radically improved configuration and
management of swap devices and adds swapping to files.
Userland ntp support, including xntpd, has been integrated.
The audio subsystems have been substantially debugged and
improved, and now offer substantial emulation of the OSS audio
interface, thus providing the ability to cleanly run emulated
Linux and FreeBSD versions of sound intensive programs.
A "packages" system has been adapted from FreeBSD and will
provide binary package installations for third party
applications.
The XFree86 X source tree has been made a supported part of
the NetBSD distribution, and X servers (if built for this
port), libraries and utilities are now shipped with our releases.
The ftp(1) program has been made astoundingly overfunctional.
It supports command line editing, tab completion, status bars,
automatic download of URLs specified on the command line,
firewall support and many other features.
All ports now use "new" config. Old config has been laid to rest.
The ARP subsystem and API has been rewritten to make it less
ethernet-centric.
A new if_media subsystem has been added which allows network
interfaces to be configured using media type names rather than
device-specific mode bits.
Many kernel interface manual pages have been added to manual
section 9.
Several ports support much more hardware.
Many updates to bring NetBSD closer to standards compliance.
Most third party packages have been updated to the latest stable
release.
As has been noted, there have also been innumerable bug fixes.
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems
and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look
for this trend to continue.
NetBSD _VER also includes some refinement to the NetBSD binary emulation
system (which includes FreeBSD, HP-UX, iBCS2, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, SVR4,
Solaris and Ultrix compatibility), bringing NetBSD closer to the goal of
making the emulation as accurate as possible.
In the near future, we hope to integrate a fully rewritten Virtual
Memory subsystem, kernel threads, and SMP support.
#include "whatis"
#endif
The Future of NetBSD:
--- ------ -- ------
The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit
organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the
free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating
System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more
smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization.
In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties
that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project.
The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by:
* providing better organization to keep track of development
efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in
related fields.
* providing a framework to receive donations of goods and
services and to own the resources necessary to run the
NetBSD Project.
* providing a better position from which to undertake
promotional activities.
* periodically organizing workshops for developers and other
interested people to discuss ongoing work.
We hope to have regular releases of the full binary and source trees,
but these are difficult to coordinate, especially with all of the
architectures which we now support!
We hope to support even _more_ hardware in the future, and have a
rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve
NetBSD.
We intend to continue our current practice of making the
NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources
will provide them, providing that they are well thought-out and
increase the usability of the system.
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of NetBSD users, because it is for
and because of them that NetBSD exists.
Sources of NetBSD:
------- -- ------
#include "mirrors"
NetBSD _VER Release Contents:
------ --- ------- --------
The NetBSD _VER release is organized in the following way:
#if _FOR_RELEASE
.../NetBSD-_VER/
BUGS Known bugs list (incomplete
and out of date).
CHANGES Changes since NetBSD's last
release (and before).
LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes.
MIRRORS A list of sites that mirror
the NetBSD _VER distribution.
README.files README describing the
distribution's contents.
TODO NetBSD's todo list (incomplete
and out of date).
patches/ Post-release source code
patches.
source/ Source distribution sets; see
below.
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
NetBSD _VER has a binary distribution. There are also
'README.export-control' files sprinkled liberally throughout the
distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the
distribution (i.e. the `domestic' portion) that may be subject to
export regulations of the United States. It is your responsibility
to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions
and to act accordingly.
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
"source" subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the
complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets
are as follows:
secrsrc.tgz:
This set contains the "domestic" sources. These
sources may be subject to United States export
regulations.
[ 412K gzipped, 1.8M uncompressed ]
gnusrc.tgz:
This set contains the "gnu" sources, including
the source for the compiler, assembler, groff,
and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution
sets.
[ 15.6M gzipped, 66.4M uncompressed ]
syssrc.tgz:
This set contains the sources to the NetBSD _VER
kernel, config(8), and dbsym(8).
[ 10.7M gzipped, 50.0M uncompressed ]
sharesrc.tgz:
This set contains the "share" sources, which include
the sources for the man pages not associated with
any particular program, the sources for the
typesettable document set, the dictionaries, and more.
[ 2.9M gzipped, 11.1M uncompressed ]
src.tgz:
This set contains all of the NetBSD _VER sources which
are not mentioned above.
[ 13.9M gzipped, 60.7M uncompressed ]
Most of the above source sets are located in the source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree. The secrsrc.tgz set is
contained in the source/security subdirectory. This set, which is
available only to users in the United States and Canada, contains the
sources normally found in /usr/src/domestic -- primarily kerberos and
other cryptographic security related software. (Remember, because of
United States law, it may not be legal to distribute this set to
locations outside of the United States and Canada.)
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. They may be
unpacked into /usr/src with the command:
cat set_name.tgz | gunzip | (cd /; tar xpf - )
The sets/Split/ and security/Split/ subdirectories contain split
versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the
source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. The
split sets are are named "set_name.xx" where "set_name" is the
distribution set name, and "xx" is the sequence number of the file,
starting with "aa" for the first file in the distribution set, then
"ab" for the next, and so on. All of these files except the last one
of each set should be exactly 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is
just long enough to contain the remainder of the data for that
distribution set.)
The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with "cat" as
follows:
cat set_name.?? | gunzip | (cd /; tar xpf - )
In each of the source distribution set directories, there is a file
named "CKSUMS" which contains the checksums of the files in that
directory, as generated by the cksum(1) utility. You can use cksum to
check the integrity of the archives, if you suspect that one of the
files is corrupt and have access to a cksum binary. Checksums based on
other algorithms may also be present -- see the release(7) man page
for details.
#else
.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/
doc.tar.gz
pkgsrc.tar.gz
src/
*.tar.gz
xsrc.tar.gz
Other directories provide unpacked source trees for distribution via
the source update protocol, for more information see:
http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html#sup
#endif
#include "contents"
NetBSD System Requirements and Supported Devices:
------ ------ ------------ --- --------- -------
#include "hardware"
Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media:
------- --- ------ ------ -- -- ------ -----
#include "xfer"
Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation:
--------- ---- ------ --- ------ ------------
#include "prep"
Installing the NetBSD System:
---------- --- ------ ------
#include "install"
Post installation steps:
---- ------------ ------
#include "postinstall"
Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System:
--------- - ---------- --------- ------ ------
#include "upgrade"
Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases:
------------- ------ ---- -------- ------ --------
Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the
following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
NetBSD _VER:
* Swap configuration
Description:
All swap partitions are now configured by the swapctl(8)
program. The kernel no longer configures a "default" swap
partition. Because of this, all swap partitions (even the old
"default") must be listed in /etc/fstab.
Many users of previous releases relied on the kernel
configuring a "default" swap partition and did not list any
swap space in /etc/fstab at all -- such users will now have no
swap space configured unless they list swap partitions in
/etc/fstab!
Common symptoms of of this problem include machine crashes
during builds, and similar memory intensive activities.
Fix:
The most common position for a swap partition is the `b'
partition of the drive the root file system is on. For
diskless systems, check the new swapctl(8) manual for more
detail on how this is done. Example fstab entries:
/dev/sd0b none swap sw,priority=0
/dev/sd1b none swap sw,priority=5
* NFS now uses reserved ports
Description:
Earlier versions of NetBSD did not use a reserved (<= 1023)
port when making NFS client requests. When acting as a server
NetBSD now requires reserved ports by default.
Old clients mounting a new server will receive a 'permission
denied' response when the directory is accessed. New clients
should work fine with old servers.
Fix:
Add '-P' to the mount options in the old client's /etc/fstab,
or (less preferred), add '-noresvport,noresvmnt' to the
options on the new server's /etc/exports.
* NFS daemons and other programs in /sbin moved
Description:
The NFS daemons (nfsd, nfsiod, mountd) have been moved from
the /sbin to the /usr/sbin directory. When new binaries are
loaded over old ones during upgrade, most programs get
overlaid and replaced, but unless these binaries are
explicitly removed they will not disappear. The installation
subsystems on some NetBSD architectures will not properly
remove these binaries.
Due to changes in the NFS subsystem, the old NFS daemon
binaries will not work correctly, and will cause serious
problems. Unfortunately, the default startup script (/etc/rc)
will run the old binaries in /sbin if they are present instead
of the new ones in /usr/sbin.
Some other programs (dumpfs, dumplfs and quotacheck) have also
been moved from /sbin to /usr/sbin, and old versions may be
left behind by accident. They, too, may cause difficulties.
Fix:
Remove the old daemon binaries (/sbin/nfsiod, /sbin/nfsd,
/sbin/mountd, etc.) after your upgrade has finished. You may
wish to do an "ls -lt /sbin | more" to help determine which
binaries were not replaced/removed during your upgrade.
* AMANDA, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver,
from http://www.amanda.org
Description:
Due to a change in the output of dump(8) to ensure
consistency in the messages, AMANDA's dump output
parser breaks.
Error messages such as the following may be an
indication that this problem is present:
FAILURE AND STRANGE DUMP SUMMARY:
hostname wd0e lev 1 FAILED [no backup size line]
Versions affected:
2.3.0.4, and most likely earlier versions
Workaround/Fix:
One of:
* Apply the patch found at:
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/misc/patches/amanda-pre-2.4.patch
* Upgrade to AMANDA 2.4.0 or newer. The side effect of this is
that the network protocol is incompatible with earlier
versions.
Using online NetBSD documentation
----- ------ ------ -------------
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set. Traditionally, the "man pages" (documentation)
are denoted by 'name(section)'. Some examples of this are
intro(1),
man(1),
apropros(1),
passwd(1), and
passwd(5).
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats
are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
The 'man' command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
started by entering 'man [section] topic'. The brackets [] around the
section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
least-numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after
logging in, enter
man passwd
to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for
passwd(5), enter
man 5 passwd
instead.
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
apropos subject-word
where "subject-word" is your topic of interest; a list of possibly
related man pages will be displayed.
Administrivia:
-------------
If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input.
There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
server at <majordomo@NetBSD.ORG>. To get help on using the mailing
list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will
reply with instructions.
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and
questions about this release. Please send comments to:
netbsd-comments@NetBSD.ORG
To report bugs, use the 'send-pr' command shipped with NetBSD,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good
bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can
be sent by mail to:
netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.ORG
Use of 'send-pr' is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the NetBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses. If
you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
port, you probably should contact the "owner" of that port (listed
below).
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how
you could be useful, send mail and/or subscribe to:
netbsd-help@NetBSD.ORG
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these
mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up
for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if
you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data
to those who want it.
Thanks go to:
------ -- --
Members and former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group,
including (but not limited to):
Keith Bostic
Ralph Campbell
Mike Karels
Marshall Kirk McKusick
for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement.
Also, our thanks go to:
Mike Hibler
Rick Macklem
Jan-Simon Pendry
Chris Torek
for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work
they've done.
UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for
sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor.
Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and
for a long time provided the primary FTP site for NetBSD.
Best Internet Communications for hosting the NetBSD FTP and SUP server.
Cygnus Support for hosting the NetBSD Mail server.
Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.
Dave Burgess <burgess@cynjut.infonet.net> has been maintaining the
386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be
recognized for it.
The following people (in alphabetical order) have made donations or
loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and
deserve credit for it:
#include "donations"
(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were
not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be
listed.)
Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously,
there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of
them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!)
We are:
-- ---
(in alphabetical order)
The NetBSD core group:
Paul Kranenburg <pk@NetBSD.ORG>
Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@NetBSD.ORG>
Scott Reynolds <scottr@NetBSD.ORG)
Jason Thorpe <thorpej@NetBSD.ORG>
Christos Zoulas <christos@NetBSD.ORG>
The port-masters (and their ports):
Mark Brinicombe <mark@NetBSD.ORG> (arm32)
Jeremy Cooper <jeremy@NetBSD.ORG> (sun3x)
Chuck Cranor <chuck@NetBSD.ORG> (mvme68k)
Charles Hannum <mycroft@NetBSD.ORG> (i386)
Ross Harvey <ross@NetBSD.ORG> (alpha)
Chris Hopps <chopps@NetBSD.ORG> (amiga)
Eduardo Horvath <eeh@NetBSD.ORG> (sparc64)
Paul Kranenburg <pk@NetBSD.ORG> (sparc)
Ted Lemon <mellon@NetBSD.ORG> (pmax)
Anders Magnusson <ragge@NetBSD.ORG> (vax)
Tsubai Masanari <tsubai@NetBSD.ORG> (macppc, newsmips)
Phil Nelson <phil@NetBSD.ORG> (pc532)
Masaru Oki <oki@NetBSD.ORG> (x68k)
Scott Reynolds <scottr@NetBSD.ORG> (mac68k)
Gordon Ross <gwr@NetBSD.ORG> (sun3, sun3x)
Kazuki Sakamoto <sakamoto@NetBSD.ORG> (bebox)
Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@NetBSD.ORG> (powerpc)
Jonathan Stone <jonathan@NetBSD.ORG> (pmax)
Jason Thorpe <thorpej@NetBSD.ORG> (hp300)
Frank van der Linden <fvdl@NetBSD.ORG> (i386)
Leo Weppelman <leo@NetBSD.ORG> (atari)
The NetBSD _VER Release Engineering team:
Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@NetBSD.ORG>
Ted Lemon <mellon@NetBSD.ORG>
Perry Metzger <perry@NetBSD.ORG>
Jason Thorpe <thorpej@NetBSD.ORG>
Supporting cast:
Steve Allen <wormey@NetBSD.ORG>
Lennart Augustsson <augustss@NetBSD.ORG>
Christoph Badura <bad@NetBSD.ORG>
Manuel Bouyer <bouyer@NetBSD.ORG>
Robert V. Baron <rvb@NetBSD.ORG>
John Birrell <jb@NetBSD.ORG>
Manuel Bouyer <bouyer@NetBSD.ORG>
John Brezak <brezak@NetBSD.ORG>
Allen Briggs <briggs@NetBSD.ORG>
Aaron Brown <abrown@NetBSD.ORG>
David Brownlee <abs@NetBSD.ORG>
Simon Burge <simonb@NetBSD.ORG>
Dave Burgess <burgess@cynjut.infonet.net>
Dave Carrel <carrel@NetBSD.ORG>
Bill Coldwell <billc@NetBSD.ORG>
Alistair Crooks <agc@NetBSD.ORG>
Aidan Cully <aidan@NetBSD.ORG>
Rob Deker <deker@NetBSD.ORG>
Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@NetBSD.ORG>
Matthias Drochner <drochner@NetBSD.ORG>
Enami Tsugutomo <enami@NetBSD.ORG>
Bernd Ernesti <veego@NetBSD.ORG>
Erik Fair <fair@NetBSD.ORG>
Hubert Feyrer <hubertf@NetBSD.ORG>
Thorsten Frueauf <frueauf@NetBSD.ORG>
Brian R. Gaeke <brg@dgate.org>
Thomas Gerner <thomas@NetBSD.ORG>
Justin Gibbs <gibbs@NetBSD.ORG>
Adam Glass <glass@NetBSD.ORG>
Michael Graff <explorer@NetBSD.ORG>
Brad Grantham <grantham@tenon.com>
Matthew Green <mrg@NetBSD.ORG>
Juergen Hannken-Illjes <hannken@NetBSD.ORG>
Charles M. Hannum <mycroft@NetBSD.ORG>
Eric Haszlakiewicz <erh@NetBSD.ORG>
Michael L. Hitch <osymh@NetBSD.ORG>
Ken Hornstein <kenh@NetBSD.ORG>
Marc Horowitz <marc@NetBSD.ORG>
ITOH Yasufumi <itohy@NetBSD.ORG>
Matthew Jacob <mjacob@NetBSD.ORG>
Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj <lonhyn@NetBSD.ORG>
Darrin Jewell <dbj@NetBSD.ORG>
Lawrence Kesteloot <kesteloo@cs.unc.edu>
Klaus Klein <kleink@NetBSD.ORG>
John Kohl <jtk@NetBSD.ORG>
Kevin Lahey <kml@NetBSD.ORG>
Ted Lemon <mellon@NetBSD.ORG>
Mike Long <mikel@NetBSD.ORG>
Paul Mackerras <paulus@NetBSD.ORG>
Neil J. McRae <neil@NetBSD.ORG>
Perry Metzger <perry@NetBSD.ORG>
Luke Mewburn <lukem@NetBSD.ORG>
Minoura Makoto <minoura@NetBSD.ORG>
der Mouse <mouse@NetBSD.ORG>
Tohru Nishimura <nisimura@NetBSD.ORG>
Greg Oster <oster@NetBSD.ORG>
Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@NetBSD.ORG>
Matthias Pfaller <matthias@NetBSD.ORG>
Dante Profeta <dante@NetBSD.ORG>
Chris Provenzano <proven@NetBSD.ORG>
Waldi Ravens <waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net>
Darren Reed <darrenr@NetBSD.ORG>
Tim Rightnour <garbled@NetBSD.ORG>
Heiko W. Rupp <hwr@NetBSD.ORG>
SAITOH Masanobu <msaitoh@NetBSD.ORG>
Kazuki Sakamoto <sakamoto@NetBSD.ORG>
Curt Sampson <cjs@NetBSD.ORG>
Wilfredo Sanchez <wsanchez@NetBSD.ORG>
Ty Sarna <tsarna@NetBSD.ORG>
Matthias Scheler <tron@NetBSD.ORG>
Karl Schilke (rAT) <rat@NetBSD.ORG>
Tim Shepard <shep@NetBSD.ORG>
Chuck Silvers <chs@NetBSD.ORG>
Thor Lancelot Simon <tls@NetBSD.ORG>
Noriyuki Soda <soda@NetBSD.ORG>
Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@NetBSD.ORG>
Bill Sommerfeld <sommerfeld@NetBSD.ORG>
Ignatios Souvatzis <is@NetBSD.ORG>
Bill Studenmund <wrstuden@NetBSD.ORG>
Kevin Sullivan <sullivan@NetBSD.ORG>
Kimmo Suominen <kim@NetBSD.ORG>
Matt Thomas <matt@NetBSD.ORG>
Christoph Toshok <toshok@NetBSD.ORG>
Todd Vierling <tv@NetBSD.ORG>
Paul Vixie <vixie@NetBSD.ORG>
Krister Walfridsson <kristerw@NetBSD.ORG>
Nathan Williams <nathanw@NetBSD.ORG>
Colin Wood <ender@NetBSD.ORG>
Steve Woodford <scw@NetBSD.ORG>
Legal Mumbo-jumbo:
----- ----- -----
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of
the software that we have mentioned in this document:
#include "legal.common"
#include "legal"

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distrib/notes/donations
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$NetBSD: donations,v 1.12 1998/01/09 18:45:27 perry Exp $
Bay Area Internet Solutions
Jason Brazile
David Brownlee
Simon Burge
Dave Burgess
Ralph Campbell
Canada Connect Corporation
Brian Carlstrom
James Chacon
Bill Coldwell
Charles Conn
Tom Coulter
Charles D. Cranor
Christopher G. Demetriou
Demon Internet, UK
Easynet, UK
Scott Ellis
Free Hardware Foundation
Greg Gingerich
Michael L. Hitch
Innovation Development Enterprises of America
Scott Kaplan
Chris Legrow
Neil J. McRae
Perry E. Metzger
MS Macro System GmbH, Germany
Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center
Herb Peyerl
Mike Price
Thor Lancelot Simon
Bill Sommerfeld
Paul Southworth
Jason R. Thorpe
Steve Wadlow

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distrib/notes/legal.common
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$NetBSD: legal.common,v 1.15 1998/02/11 18:30:32 kleink Exp $
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by the Computer
Systems Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by Adam Glass
and Charles Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Adam Glass.
This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software
Design, Inc.
This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor
and Washington University.
This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor.
This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum,
by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College
and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the
University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,
and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum.
This product includes software developed by Chris Provenzano.
This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps.
This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.
This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas.
This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross.
This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley.
This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda.
This product includes software developed by Ezra Story.
This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross.
This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross
and Leo Weppelman.
This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross.
This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl.
This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall.
This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe
for And Communications, http://www.and.com/.
This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes.
This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl
for The NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by John Polstra.
This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
for the NetBSD Project.
This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone.
This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield.
This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey.
This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman.
This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes.
This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe.
This product includes software developed by Markus Wild.
This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann
and Wolfgang Solfrank.
This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson
and Charles D. Cranor.
This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson.
This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller.
This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg.
This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras.
This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy.
This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson.
This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes.
This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram.
This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert.
This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert.
This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt
and John Brezak.
This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt.
This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH.
This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
This product includes software developed by the Center for
Software Science at the University of Utah.
This product includes software developed by the University of Calgary
Department of Computer Science and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont
and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman.
This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project.
This product includes software developed for the Internet
Software Consortium by Ted Lemon.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Frank van der Linden.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Jason R. Thorpe.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by John M. Vinopal.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Matthias Drochner.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Matthieu Herrb.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Perry E. Metzger.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Piermont Information Systems Inc.
This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
by Ted Lemon.

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@ -1,284 +0,0 @@
NetBSD Mirror Site List
The following sites mirror NetBSD as of February 24, 1999.
If you wish to become a distribution site for NetBSD, contact
mirrors@netbsd.org.
FTP mirrors
-----------
Australia
* ftp.au.netbsd.org
RMIT University, Melbourne
ftp://ftp.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* ftp2.au.netbsd.org
University of Queensland, Brisbane
ftp://ftp2.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
Austria
* ftp.at.netbsd.org
University of Technology, Vienna
ftp://ftp.at.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
Brazil
* ftp.ravel.ufrj.br
Cidade Universitaria
ftp://ftp.ravel.ufrj.br/pub/NetBSD
Denmark
* ftp.dk.netbsd.org
Aalborg University
ftp://ftp.dk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
Finland
* ftp.fi.netbsd.org
The Finnish University and Research Network, Espoo
ftp://ftp.fi.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
France
* ftp.fr.netbsd.org
Paris University
ftp://ftp.fr.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
Germany
* ftp.de.netbsd.org
University of Trier
ftp://ftp.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* ftp2.de.netbsd.org
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
ftp://ftp2.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* ftp.uni-regensburg.de
University of Regensburg
ftp://ftp.uni-regensburg.de/pub/comp/os/NetBSD
Japan
* ftp.jp.netbsd.org
Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo
ftp://ftp.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* ftp.dti.ad.jp
ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/NetBSD/
* mirror.nucba.ac.jp
Nagoya University of Commerce and Business
ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/NetBSD
* netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp
Tohoku University
ftp://netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp/NetBSD
Korea
* sunsite.kren.ne.kr
Seoul National University
ftp://sunsite.kren.ne.kr/pub/OS/NetBSD
Netherlands
* ftp.nl.netbsd.org
University of Amsterdam
ftp://ftp.nl.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
Norway
* ftp.no.netbsd.org
Bergen IT Consult AS
ftp://ftp.no.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* ftp.ntnu.no
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
ftp://ftp.ntnu.no/pub/NetBSD
Russia
* ftp.ru.netbsd.org
Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka
ftp://ftp.ru.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
Sweden
* ftp.stacken.kth.se
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OS/NetBSD
* ftp.sunet.se
Swedish University NETwork, Uppsala
ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/os/NetBSD
UK
* ftp.uk.netbsd.org
Domino, London
ftp://ftp.uk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* sunsite.org.uk
ftp://sunsite.org.uk/packages/netbsd
USA
* ftp.netbsd.org
Silicon Valley, California
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD
* ftp.cs.umn.edu
University of Minnesota
ftp://ftp.cs.umn.edu/pub/NetBSD
* ftp.eecs.umich.edu
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
ftp://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/pub/NetBSD
* ftp.iastate.edu
Iowa State University
ftp://ftp.iastate.edu/pub/netbsd
* ftp.op.net
ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/NetBSD
AFS mirrors
-----------
Sweden
* ftp.stacken.kth.se
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
AFS path: /afs/stacken.kth.se/ftp/pub/OS/NetBSD
USA
* ftp.iastate.edu
Iowa State University
AFS path: /afs/iastate.edu/public/ftp/pub/netbsd
NFS mirrors
-----------
UK
* sunsite.org.uk
Instructions: mount -o ro sunsite.org.uk:/public/packages/netbsd /mnt
SUP mirrors
-----------
Australia
* sup.au.netbsd.org
RMIT University, Melbourne
Instructions: ftp://sup.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup
France
* sup.fr.netbsd.org
Paris University
Instructions: Similar to sup.netbsd.org
Germany
* sup.de.netbsd.org
University of Trier
Instructions: ftp://sup.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/supfile.example
* sup.owl.de
Instructions: ftp://sup.owl.de/pub/sup/supfile.example
Japan
* sup.jp.netbsd.org
Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo
Instructions: ftp://sup.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup
Norway
* sup.no.netbsd.org
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Instructions: See /usr/src/share/examples/supfiles/sup.no.netbsd.org
UK
* sup.uk.netbsd.org
Domino, London
Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup
USA
* sup.netbsd.org
Silicon Valley, California
Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup
* ftp.cs.umn.edu
University of Minnesota
Instructions: hostbase=/ftp/ftp/packages/NetBSD, collections are the same
as on sup.NetBSD.ORG
WWW mirrors
-----------
Australia
* www.au.netbsd.org
RMIT University, Melbourne
http://www.au.netbsd.org/
Austria
* www.at.netbsd.org
University of Technology, Vienna
http://www.at.netbsd.org/
Finland
* www.fi.netbsd.org
Global Wire Oy, Lappeenranta
http://www.fi.netbsd.org/
France
* www.fr.netbsd.org
Paris University
http://www.fr.netbsd.org/
Germany
* www.de.netbsd.org
http://www.de.netbsd.org/
Japan
* www.jp.netbsd.org
Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo
http://www.jp.netbsd.org/
Norway
* www.no.netbsd.org
Bergen IT Consult AS
http://www.no.netbsd.org/
USA
* www.netbsd.org
Western Washington State University
http://www.netbsd.org/
* www2.us.netbsd.org
New York
http://www.us.netbsd.org/

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Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few
things you need to do in order to bring the system into a propperly
configured state, with the most important ones described below.
1. Configuring /etc/rc.conf
If you haven't done any configuration of /etc/rc.conf, the system
will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the
message
/etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted.
and the root filesystem mounted read-write. When the system
asks you to choose a shell, simply hit return to get to a
prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with
'vt220' (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type)
and hit return. At this point, you need to configure at least
one file in the /etc directory. Change to the /etc directory
and take a look at the /etc/rc.conf file. Modify it to your
tastes, making sure that you set "rc_configured=YES" so that
your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can
proceed. If your /usr directory is on a separate partition
and you do not know how to use 'ed' or 'ex', you will have to
mount your /usr partition to gain access to 'vi'. Do the
following:
mount /usr
export TERM=vt220
If you have /var on a seperate partition, you need to repeat
that step for it. After that, you can edit /etc/rc.conf with
'vi'. When you have finished, type 'exit' at the prompt to
leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user
boot.
Other values that need to be set in /etc/rc.conf for a networked
environment are `hostname' and possibly `defaultroute', furthermore
add an ifconfig_int for your interface <int>, along the lines of
ifconfig_de0="inet 123.45.67.89 netmask 255.255.255.0"
or, if you have myname.my.dom in /etc/hosts:
ifconfig_de0="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0"
To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an
/etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more
adventurous) run named. See resolv.conf(5) or named(8) for more
information.
2. Logging in
After reboot, you can log in as "root" at the login prompt. There
is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
networked environment, you should create an account for yourself
(see below) and protect it and the "root" account with good
passwords.
3. Adding accounts
Use the `vipw' command to add accounts to your system, DO NOT
edit /etc/passwd directly. See adduser(8) for more information
on the process of how to add a new user to the system.
4. The X Window System
If you have installed the X window system, look at the files in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc for information.
On NetBSD/i386 and NetBSD/arm32, you will need to set up a
configuration file, see /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config.eg for an
example. See http://www.xfree86.org/ and the XFree86 manual page
for more information.
NetBSD/pmax _VER uses an X11R5 X server. These servers cannot read
the compressed fonts which are shipped with standard X11R6
configurations. You must take post-installation steps to make the
X11R5 server work with the fonts that are standard for X11R6.3.
The distribution file /usr/X11R6/bin/README.pmax contains
information on how to choose an Xserver and how to access
compressed fonts via a font server or to decompress the X fonts
after installation. Please follow the directions there.
Don't forget to add /usr/X11R6/bin to your path in your shell's dot
file so that you have access to the X binaries.
5. Installing 3rd party packages
There is a lot of software freely available for Unix based systems,
which usually runs on NetBSD, too, sometimes with some
modifications. The NetBSD packages collection incorporates any such
changes necessary to make that software run on NetBSD, and makes
the installation (and deinstallation) of the software packages
easy. There's also the option of building a package from source, in
case there's no precompiled binary available.
Precompiled binaries can be found at
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/
Package sources for compiling packages can be obtained by
retrieving the file
ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/pkgsrc.tar.gz
and extracting it into /usr/pkgsrc. See /usr/pkgsrc/README then for
more information.
6. Misc
- To adjust the system to your local timezone, point the /etc/localtime
symlink to the appropriate file under /usr/share/zoneinfo.
- Edit /etc/aliases to forward root mail to the right place (run
`newaliases' afterwards)
- The /etc/sendmail.cf file will almost definitely need to be adjusted;
files aiding in this can be found in /usr/share/sendmail. See the
README-file there for more information.
- Edit /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use.
- Many of the /etc files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so
just invoking "man <filename>" is likely to give you more information on
these files.