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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Time and the Arts</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Time and the Arts</H1>
<ADDRESS>
@(#)tz-art.htm 7.38
</ADDRESS>
<P>
Please send corrections to this web page to the
<A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</A>.
<P>
See also <A HREF="tz-link.htm">Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</A>.
<PRE>
"Is that a pertinent fact, or are you trying to dazzle me with your command
of time zones?"
"Frasier Crane"
==========================================================================
Data on recordings of "Save That Time," Russ Long, Serrob Publishing, BMI:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Karrin Allyson
CD: I Didn't Know About You
Copyright Date: 1993
Label: Concord Jazz, Inc.
ID: CCD-4543
Track Time: 3:44
Personnel: Karrin Allyson, vocal
Russ Long, piano
Gerald Spaits, bass
Todd Strait, drums
Notes: CD notes "additional lyric by Karrin Allyson;
arranged by Russ Long and Karrin Allyson"
ADO Rating: 1 star
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A175928">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A>
Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Kevin Mahogany
CD: Double Rainbow
Copyright Date: 1993
Label: Enja Records
ID: ENJ-7097 2
Track Time: 6:27
Personnel: Kevin Mahogany, vocal
Kenny Barron, piano
Ray Drummond, bss
Ralph Moore, tenor saxophone
Lewis Nash, drums
ADO Rating: 1.5 stars
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A262654">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A>
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Joe Williams
CD: Here's to Life
Copyright Date: 1994
Label: Telarc International Corporation
ID: CD-83357
Track Time: 3:58
Personnel: Joe Williams, vocal
The Robert Farnon [39 piece] Orchestra
Notes: This CD is also available as part of a 3-CD package from
Telarc, "Triple Play" (CD-83461)
ADO Rating: black dot
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A194434">AMG Rating: 2 stars</A>
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Charles Fambrough
CD: Keeper of the Spirit
Copyright Date: 1995
Label: AudioQuest Music
ID: AQ-CD1033
Track Time: 7:07
Personnel: Charles Fambrough, bass
Joel Levine, tenor recorder
Edward Simon, piano
Lenny White, drums
Marion Simon, percussion
Notes: On-line information and samples available at
<A HREF="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</A>
ADO Rating: 2 stars
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A224430">AMG Rating: unrated</A>
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
==========================================================================
Also of note:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Holly Cole Trio
CD: Blame It On My Youth
Copyright Date: 1992
Label: Manhattan
ID: CDP 7 97349 2
Total Time: 37:45
Personnel: Holly Cole, voice
Aaron Davis, piano
David Piltch, string bass
Notes: Lyrical reference to "Eastern Standard Time" in
Tom Waits' "Purple Avenue"
ADO Rating: 2.5 stars
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A157959">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A>
Penguin Rating: unrated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Milt Hinton
CD: Old Man Time
Copyright Date: 1990
Label: Chiaroscuro
ID: CR(D) 310
Total Time: 149:38 (two CDs)
Personnel: Milt Hinton, bass
Doc Cheatham, Dizzy Gillespie, Clark Terry, trumpet
Al Grey, trombone
Eddie Barefield, Joe Camel (Flip Phillips), Buddy Tate,
clarinet and saxophone
John Bunch, Red Richards, Norman Simmons, Derek Smith,
Ralph Sutton, piano
Danny Barker, Al Casey, guitar
Gus Johnson, Gerryck King, Bob Rosengarden, Jackie Williams,
drums
Lionel Hampton, vibraphone
Cab Calloway, Joe Williams, vocal
Buck Clayton, arrangements
Notes: tunes include Old Man Time, Time After Time,
Sometimes I'm Happy,
A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,
Four or Five Times, Now's the Time,
Time on My Hands, This Time It's Us,
and Good Time Charlie
On-line samples available at
<A HREF="http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html">http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html</A>
ADO Rating: 3 stars
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A162344">AMG Rating: 4.5 stars</A>
Penguin Rating: 3 stars
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Paul Broadbent
CD: Pacific Standard Time
Copyright Date: 1995
Label: Concord Jazz, Inc.
ID: CCD-4664
Total Time: 62:42
Personnel: Paul Broadbent, piano
Putter Smith, Bass
Frank Gibson, Jr., drums
Notes: The CD cover features an analemma for equation-of-time fans
ADO Rating: 1 star
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A223722">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A>
Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Anthony Braxton/Richard Teitelbaum
CD: Silence/Time Zones
Copyright Date: 1996
Label: Black Lion
ID: BLCD 760221
Total Time: 72:58
Personnel: Anthony Braxton, sporanino and alto saxophones,
contrebasse clarinet, miscellaneous instruments
Leo Smith, trumpet and miscellaneous instruments
Leroy Jenkins, violin and miscellaneous instruments
Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and micromoog synthesizer
ADO Rating: black dot
<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&amp;sql=A310757">AMG Rating: unrated</A>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artist: Jules Verne
Book: Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours
(Around the World in Eighty Days)
Notes: Wall-clock time plays a central role in the plot.
European readers of the 1870s clearly held the U.S. press in
deep contempt; the protagonists cross the U.S. without once
reading a paper.
An on-line French-language version of the book
"with illustrations from the original 1873 French-language edition"
is available at
<A HREF="http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j">http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j</A>
An on-line English-language translation of the book is available at
<A HREF="http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty">http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty</A>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Film: Bell Science - About Time
Notes: The Frank Baxter/Richard Deacon extravaganza
Information on ordering is available at
<A HREF="http://www.videoflicks.com/VF2/1035/1035893.ihtml">http://www.videoflicks.com/VF2/1035/1035893.ihtml</A>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
An episode of "The Adventures of Superman" entitled "The Mysterious
Cube," first aired 1958-02-24, had Superman convincing the controllers
of WWV to broadcast time signals five minutes ahead of actual time;
doing so got a crook trying to beat the statute of limitations to
emerge a bit too early from the titular enclosure.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The 1960s ITC television series "The Prisoner" included an episode
entitled "The Chimes of Big Ben" in which our protagonist tumbled to
the fraudulent nature of a Poland-to-England escape upon hearing "Big
Ben" chiming on Polish local time.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The series "Seinfeld" included an episode entitled "The Susie," first
broadcast 1997-02-13, in which Kramer decides that daylight saving time
isn't coming fast enough, so he sets his watch ahead an hour.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The syndicated comic strip "Dilbert" featured an all-too-rare example of
time zone humor on 1998-03-14.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Surrealist artist Guy Billout's work "Date Line" appeared on page 103
of the November, 1999 Atlantic Monthly.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"In what time zone would you find New York City?" was a $200 question on
the 1999-11-13 United States airing of "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?"
==========================================================================
"Good news."
"What did they do? Extend Daylight Saving Time year round?"
Professional tanner George Hamilton, in dialog from a
May, 1999 episode of the syndicated television series "Baywatch"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"A fundamental belief held by Americans is that if you are on land, you
cannot be killed by a fish...So most Americans remain on land, believing
they're safe. Unfortunately, this belief--like so many myths, such as that
there's a reason for 'Daylight Saving Time'--is false."
Dave Barry column, 2000-07-02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"I once had sex for an hour and five minutes, but that was on the day
when you turn the clocks ahead."
Garry Shandling, 52nd Annual Emmys, 2000-09-10
</PRE>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</TITLE>
<LINK REL="schema.DC" HREF="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/">
<META NAME="DC.Creator" CONTENT="Paul Eggert">
<META NAME="DC.Contributor" CONTENT="Arthur David Olson">
<META NAME="DC.Date" CONTENT="2000/10/03">
<META NAME="DC.Description"
CONTENT="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
<META NAME="DC.Identifier" CONTENT="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm">
<META NAME="Keywords"
CONTENT="database,daylight saving,DST,time zone,timezone,tz,zoneinfo">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</H1>
<ADDRESS>
@(#)tz-link.htm 7.28
</ADDRESS>
<P>
Please send corrections to this web page to the
<A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</A>.
<P>
<H2>The <samp>tz</samp> database</H2><P>
The public-domain time zone database contains code and data
that represent the history of local time
for many representative locations around the globe.
It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
This database (often called <samp>tz</samp> or <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
is used by several implementations,
including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare.
In the <samp>tz</samp> database's
<A HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</A>,
the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the code's version;
similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version.
The code lets you compile the text data into time zone files, one for
each location. It also lets you read a compiled time zone file and
interpret time stamps for that location.
<P>
The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please
send changes to the <A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone
mailing list</A>. You can also <A
HREF="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</A> to the
mailing list, or retrieve the <A
HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old
messages</A> (in <A HREF="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</A> compressed
format).
<P>
The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
<H2>Web pages using recent versions of the <samp>tz</samp> database</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A> is a
text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time
throughout the world.
<LI><A HREF="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0
URL Timezone Converter</A> is a similar interface, with source code
written in <A HREF="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</A>, using what Paul
Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".
<LI><A HREF="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the World</A>
is a fancier web interface.
<LI><A HREF="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</A>
is an even fancier interface.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.tick2tock.com/cgi-bin/TZConverter">Tick2Tock
time zone converter</A> is a multilingual interface.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday
&amp; Festival Site</A> lists DST-related clock changes along with holidays.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</A>
is a web interface to a time zone database derived from
<samp>tz</samp>'s.
</UL>
<H2>Other time zone file readers</H2>
<UL>
<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</A>
has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
a time zone file reader that is compatible with <samp>tz</samp>.
This library is freely available under the
<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html">
GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</A>,
and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</A>
is a time zone file reader written in Java.
It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.
</UL>
<H2>Other <SAMP>tz</SAMP>-based time zone conversion software</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A
HREF="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard
time zones calculator</A> is a HyperCard stack.
<LI><A
HREF="http://timezone50.homepage.com/">Time Zone Converter</A> is a
Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program.
</UL>
<H2>Other time zone databases</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.astro.ch/atlas/">Astrodienst Online -
Atlas &amp; Timezone Database</A> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
excellent time zone history atlases published in both <A
HREF="http://astrocom.com/software/ACS_PC_Atlas.htm">computer</A> and <A
HREF="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</A> form by <A
HREF="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</A>.
<LI><A HREF="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
time info, public holidays</A>
contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,
and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.
<LI><A HREF="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</A>
contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory
(USNO), used as the source
for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.
<LI>The USNO Astronomical Applications Department publishes answers to
<A HREF="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</A>
about time zones and daylight saving time.
<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.iata.org/">International
Air Transport Association</A>
publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM),
which gives current time zone rules for
all the airports served by commercial aviation.
</UL>
<H2>Maps</H2>
<UL>
<LI>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a <A
HREF="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low802700.pdf">time
zone map</A>; the
<A HREF="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
Perry-Casta&ntilde;eda Library Map Collection</A>
of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of
recent editions.
The pictorial quality is good,
but the maps do not indicate summer time,
and parts of the data are a few years out of date.
<LI><A HREF="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with
current time</A>
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</A>
has a separate little outline map for each region of each country that
currently observes a different time.
</UL>
<H2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">About Daylight
Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</A>
is a good overall history of DST.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The
Time of Internet</A>
contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time,
with diagrams.
The time zone map is out of date, however.
<LI>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time.
<DL>
<DT>Australia
<DD>The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's
Department maintains a history of <A
HREF="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">daylight
saving in New South Wales</A>.
<DT>Brazil
<DD>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory
records <A HREF="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html"
HREFLANG="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in
Portuguese)</A>.
<DT>Germany
<DD>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains <A
HREF="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">a history of
German legal time</A>.
<DT>Israel
<DD>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <A
HREF="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements"
HREFLANG="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</A>.
<DT>United Kingdom
<DD><A
HREF="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of
legal time in Britain</A> is an excellent discussion for the country
with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments.
</DL>
</UL>
<H2>Precision timekeeping</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</A> discusses
the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.
<LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A
Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A>
answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"
<LI><A
HREF="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical
Times</A> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
and TDB.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth
and Its Reference Systems</A>
briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.
<LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins
of IERS</A> contains official publications of the
International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
when leap seconds occur.
<LI>The <A
HREF="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap
Second Discussion List</A> covers <A
HREF="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind0007&L=leapsecs&P=26737&E=2&B=------_=_NextPart_000_01BFEAA4.2B254664&N=GPS-Nov99_Innov.pdf&T=application/octet-stream">McCarthy
and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</A>, currently
being studied by a <A
HREF="http://www.intec.rug.ac.be/Research/Projects/ursi/Commissions.html">URSI
Commission J</A> working group, and the <A HREF="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</A>
has <A
HREF="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0009&L=leapsecs&F=lf&S=&P=2658">plans</A>
to report on this proposal by 2003.
</UL>
<H2>Time notation</H2>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of
the International Standard Date and Time Notation</A> is a good
summary of <A HREF="http://www.iso.ch/markete/moreend.htm">ISO
8601</A>.
</UL>
<H2>Related indexes</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -
Reference: Time</A>
<LI><A HREF="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A>
</UL>
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