diff --git a/usr.sbin/traceroute/Makefile b/usr.sbin/traceroute/Makefile index b1bc49a16d16..56f6f9079587 100644 --- a/usr.sbin/traceroute/Makefile +++ b/usr.sbin/traceroute/Makefile @@ -1,9 +1,18 @@ -# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.5 1995/03/26 21:45:18 glass Exp $ -# @(#)Makefile 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 +# $NetBSD: Makefile,v 1.6 1997/10/04 16:31:24 christos Exp $ +WARNS?= 1 PROG= traceroute -MAN= traceroute.8 -BINOWN= root +MAN= traceroute.8 + +CFLAGS+=-DHAVE_MALLOC_H=1 -DHAVE_SYS_SELECT_H=1 -DHAVE_SYS_SOCKIO_H=1 +CFLAGS+=-DHAVE_STRERROR=1 -DHAVE_SETLINEBUF=1 -DHAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN=1 + +BINOWN= root BINMODE=4555 +SRCS= traceroute.c savestr.c ifaddrlist.c +SRCS+= version.c + +AWKS= median.awk mean.awk + .include diff --git a/usr.sbin/traceroute/mean.awk b/usr.sbin/traceroute/mean.awk index d103264115f7..75cc421a60a1 100644 --- a/usr.sbin/traceroute/mean.awk +++ b/usr.sbin/traceroute/mean.awk @@ -1,42 +1,5 @@ #!/bin/awk -f -# $NetBSD: mean.awk,v 1.4 1995/03/27 02:24:13 glass Exp $ -# -# Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 -# The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -# -# This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by -# Van Jacobson. -# -# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -# are met: -# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -# must display the following acknowledgement: -# This product includes software developed by the University of -# California, Berkeley and its contributors. -# 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -# without specific prior written permission. -# -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -# SUCH DAMAGE. -# -# @(#)mean.awk 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 -# +# $NetBSD: mean.awk,v 1.5 1997/10/04 16:31:29 christos Exp $ /^ *[0-9]/ { # print out the average time to each hop along a route. tottime = 0; n = 0; diff --git a/usr.sbin/traceroute/median.awk b/usr.sbin/traceroute/median.awk index e2a6202b747c..672e1150ecf1 100644 --- a/usr.sbin/traceroute/median.awk +++ b/usr.sbin/traceroute/median.awk @@ -1,42 +1,5 @@ #!/bin/awk -f -# $NetBSD: median.awk,v 1.4 1995/03/27 02:24:16 glass Exp $ -# -# Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 -# The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -# -# This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by -# Van Jacobson. -# -# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -# are met: -# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -# 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -# must display the following acknowledgement: -# This product includes software developed by the University of -# California, Berkeley and its contributors. -# 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -# may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -# without specific prior written permission. -# -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -# SUCH DAMAGE. -# -# @(#)median.awk 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 -# +# $NetBSD: median.awk,v 1.5 1997/10/04 16:31:32 christos Exp $ /^ *[0-9]/ { # print out the median time to each hop along a route. tottime = 0; n = 0; diff --git a/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.8 b/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.8 index 581b7c327c6f..01465cbb626f 100644 --- a/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.8 +++ b/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.8 @@ -1,255 +1,269 @@ -.\" $NetBSD: traceroute.8,v 1.7 1996/09/27 01:34:53 thorpej Exp $ +.\" $NetBSD: traceroute.8,v 1.8 1997/10/04 16:31:33 christos Exp $ .\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993 +.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1995, 1996, 1997 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" -.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by -.\" Van Jacobson. +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted +.\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are +.\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, +.\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such +.\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed +.\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the +.\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived +.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED +.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. .\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" Header: traceroute.8,v 1.11 97/04/22 13:45:13 leres Exp .\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" @(#)traceroute.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 -.\" -.Dd June 6, 1993 -.Dt TRACEROUTE 8 -.Os BSD 4.3 -.Sh NAME -.Nm traceroute -.Nd print the route packets take to network host -.Sh SYNOPSIS -.Nm traceroute -.Op Fl d -.Op Fl D -.Op Fl g Ar gateway_addr -.Op Fl l -.Op Fl m Ar max_ttl -.Op Fl n -.Op Fl p Ar port -.Op Fl q Ar nqueries -.Op Fl r -.Bk -words -.Op Fl s Ar src_addr -.Ek -.Op Fl t Ar tos -.Op Fl w Ar waittime -.Ar host -.Op Ar packetsize -.Sh DESCRIPTION +.TH TRACEROUTE 8 "22 April 1997" +.UC 6 +.SH NAME +traceroute \- print the route packets take to network host +.SH SYNOPSIS +.na +.B traceroute +[ +.B \-DFIdlnrvx +] [ +.B \-f +.I first_ttl +] [ +.B \-g +.I gateway +] [ +.B \-i +.I iface +] +.br +.ti +8 +[ +.B \-m +max_ttl +] [ +.B \-p +.I port +] [ +.B \-q +.I nqueries +] +.br +.ti +8 +[ +.B \-s +.I src_addr +] [ +.B \-t +.I tos +] [ +.B \-w +.I waittime +] +.br +.ti +8 +.I host +[ +.I packetlen +] +.ad +.SH DESCRIPTION The Internet is a large and complex aggregation of network hardware, connected together by gateways. Tracking the route one's packets follow (or finding the miscreant gateway that's discarding your packets) can be difficult. -.Nm Traceroute +.I Traceroute utilizes the IP protocol `time to live' field and attempts to elicit an -.Tn ICMP -.Dv TIME_EXCEEDED -response from each gateway along the path to some +ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED response from each gateway along the path to some host. -.Pp +.PP The only mandatory parameter is the destination host name or IP number. -The default probe datagram length is 38 bytes, but this may be increased -by specifying a packet size (in bytes) after the destination host +The default probe datagram length is 40 bytes, but this may be increased +by specifying a packet length (in bytes) after the destination host name. -.Pp +.PP Other options are: -.Bl -tag -width Ds -.It Fl d +.TP +.B \-d Turn on socket-level debugging. -.It Fl D +.TP +.B \-D Dump the packet data to standard error before transmitting it. -.It Fl g Ar gateway_addr -Add -.Ar gateway_addr -to the list of addresses in the IP Loose Source Record Route (LSRR) -option. If no gateways are specified, the LSRR option is omitted. -.It Fl l +.TP +.B \-l Display the ttl value of the returned packet. This is useful for checking for assymetric routing. -.It Fl m Ar max_ttl +.TP +.B \-f +Set the initial time-to-live used in the first outgoing probe packet. +.TP +.B \-F +Set the "don't fragment" bit. +.TP +.B \-d +Enable socket level debugging. +.TP +.B \-g +Specify a loose source route gateway (8 maximum). +.TP +.B \-i +Specify a network interface to obtain the source IP address for +outgoing probe packets. This is normally only useful on a multi-homed +host. (See the +.B \-s +flag for another way to do this.) +.TP +.B \-I +Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams. +.TP +.B \-m Set the max time-to-live (max number of hops) used in outgoing probe -packets. The default is 30 hops (the same default used for -.Tn TCP +packets. The default is 30 hops (the same default used for TCP connections). -.It Fl n +.TP +.B \-n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically (saves a nameserver address-to-name lookup for each gateway found on the path). -.It Fl p Ar port -Set the base -.Tn UDP -.Ar port -number used in probes (default is 33434). -.Nm Traceroute -hopes that nothing is listening on -.Tn UDP -ports -.Em base +.TP +.B \-p +Set the base UDP port number used in probes (default is 33434). +Traceroute hopes that nothing is listening on UDP ports +.I base to -.Em base+nhops-1 -at the destination host (so an -.Tn ICMP -.Dv PORT_UNREACHABLE -message will +.I base + nhops - 1 +at the destination host (so an ICMP PORT_UNREACHABLE message will be returned to terminate the route tracing). If something is listening on a port in the default range, this option can be used to pick an unused port range. -.It Fl q Ar nqueries -Set the number of probes per ``ttl'' to -.Ar nqueries -(default is three probes). -.It Fl r +.TP +.B \-r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that has no route through it (e.g., after the interface was dropped by -.Xr routed 8 ) . -.It Fl s Ar src_addr -Use the following IP address -(which must be given as an IP number, not +.IR routed (8C)). +.TP +.B \-s +Use the following IP address (which usually is given as an IP number, not a hostname) as the source address in outgoing probe packets. On -hosts with more than one IP address, this option can be used to +multi-homed hosts (those with more than one IP +address), this option can be used to force the source address to be something other than the IP address of the interface the probe packet is sent on. If the IP address is not one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is -returned and nothing is sent. -.It Fl t Ar tos +returned and nothing is sent. (See the +.B \-i +flag for another way to do this.) +.TP +.B \-t Set the -.Em type-of-service +.I type-of-service in probe packets to the following value (default zero). The value must be a decimal integer in the range 0 to 255. This option can be used to see if different types-of-service result in different paths. (If you -are not running a -.Bx 4.3 tahoe -or later system, this may be academic since the normal network -services like telnet and ftp don't let you control the -.Dv TOS ) . -Not all values of -.Dv TOS -are legal or +are not running 4.4bsd, this may be academic since the normal network +services like telnet and ftp don't let you control the TOS). +Not all values of TOS are legal or meaningful \- see the IP spec for definitions. Useful values are probably -.Ql \-t 16 +.RB ` -t +.IR 16 ' (low delay) and -.Ql \-t 8 +.RB ` -t +.IR 8 ' (high throughput). -.It Fl v -Verbose output. Received -.Tn ICMP -packets other than -.Dv TIME_EXCEEDED -and -.Dv UNREACHABLE Ns s -are listed. -.It Fl w -Set the time (in seconds) to wait for a response to a probe (default 3 +.TP +.B \-v +Verbose output. Received ICMP packets other than TIME_EXCEEDED and +UNREACHABLEs are listed. +.TP +.B \-w +Set the time (in seconds) to wait for a response to a probe (default 5 sec.). -.El -.Pp +.TP +.B \-x +Toggle checksums. Normally, this prevents traceroute from calculating +checksums. In some cases, the operating system can overwrite parts of +the outgoing packet but not recalculate the checksum (so in some cases +the default is to not calculate checksums and using +.B \-x +causes them to be calcualted). Note that checksums are usually required +for the last hop when using ICMP ECHO probes +.RB ( \-I ). +.PP This program attempts to trace the route an IP packet would follow to some -internet host by launching -.Tn UDP -probe +internet host by launching UDP probe packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an -.Tn ICMP -"time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes -with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an -.Tn ICMP -"port unreachable" -(which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which +ICMP "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes +with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an ICMP "port +unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -.Fl m +.B \-m flag). Three -probes (changed with -.Fl q +probes (change with +.B \-q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from different gateways, the address of each responding system will be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout interval (changed with the -.Fl w +.B \-w flag), a "*" is printed for that probe. -.Pp +.PP We don't want the destination -host to process the -.Tn UDP -probe packets so the destination port is set to an +host to process the UDP probe packets so the destination port is set to an unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that value, it can be changed with the -.Fl p +.B \-p flag). -.Pp +.PP A sample use and output might be: -.Bd -literal + +.RS +.nf [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net. -traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet -1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms -2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms -3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms -4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms -5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms -6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms -7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms -8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms -9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms +traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 38 byte packet + 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms + 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms + 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms + 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms + 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms + 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms + 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms + 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms + 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms +.fi +.RE -.Ed Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy kernel on the 2nd hop system \- lbl-csam.arpa \- that forwards packets with a zero ttl (a bug in the distributed version -of 4.3 -.Tn BSD ) . -Note that you have to guess what path -the packets are taking cross-country since the -.Tn NSFNet -(129.140) -doesn't supply address-to-name translations for its -.Tn NSS Ns es . -.Pp +of 4.3BSD). Note that you have to guess what path +the packets are taking cross-country since the NSFNet (129.140) +doesn't supply address-to-name translations for its NSSes. +.PP A more interesting example is: -.Bd -literal + +.RS +.nf [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu. traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max -1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms -2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms -3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms -4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms -5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms -6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms -7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms -8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms -9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms + 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms + 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms + 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms + 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms + 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms + 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms + 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms + 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms + 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms 12 * * * @@ -259,108 +273,108 @@ traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms +.fi +.RE -.Ed Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away -either don't send -.Tn ICMP -"time exceeded" messages or send them +either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 \- 17 are running the -.Tn MIT -C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God +MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God only knows what's going on with 12. -.Pp +.PP The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in -the 4.[23] -.Tn BSD -network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3) +the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3) sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is -zero, the -.Tn ICMP -"time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back +zero, the ICMP "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting when it appears on the destination system: -.Bd -literal -1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms -2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms -3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms -4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms -5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms -6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms -7 * * * -8 * * * -9 * * * + +.RS +.nf + 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms + 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms + 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms + 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms + 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms + 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms + 7 * * * + 8 * * * + 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms ! +.fi +.RE -.Ed Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing". What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5) is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its -.Tn ICMP -reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path -(with no notice sent to anyone since -.Tn ICMP's -aren't sent for -.Tn ICMP's ) -until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path +ICMP reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path +(with no notice sent to anyone since ICMP's aren't sent for +ICMP's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists. -.Nm Traceroute -prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1. -Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete -.Pf ( Tn DEC Ns \'s -Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or -non-standard -.Pq Tn HPUX -software, expect to see this problem +Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1. +Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or +non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your probes. + Other possible annotations after the time are -.Sy !H , -.Sy !N , -.Sy !P -(got a host, network or protocol unreachable, respectively), -.Sy !S +.BR !H , +.BR !N , or -.Sy !F +.B !P +(got a host, network or protocol unreachable, respectively), +.B !S +or +.B !F (source route failed or fragmentation needed \- neither of these should -ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If -almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, -.Nm traceroute +ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one), +.B !X +(communication administratively prohibited), or +.B ! +(ICMP unreachable code N). +If almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute will give up and exit. -.Pp -.Bd -literal + +.RS +.nf traceroute \-g 10.3.0.5 128.182.0.0 +.fi +.RE -.Ed will show the path from the Cambridge Mailbridge to PSC, while -.Bd -literal -traceroute \-g 192.5.146.4 \-g 10.3.0.5 35.0.0.0 -.Ed +.RS +.nf +traceroute \-g 192.5.146.4 \-g 10.3.0.5 35.0.0.0 +.fi +.RE + will show the path from the Cambridge Mailbridge to Merit, using PSC to reach the Mailbridge. -.Pp +.PP This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and management. It should be used primarily for manual fault isolation. Because of the load it could impose on the network, it is unwise to use -.Nm traceroute +.I traceroute during normal operations or from automated scripts. -.Sh AUTHOR +.SH SEE ALSO +netstat(1), ping(8) +.SH AUTHOR Implemented by Van Jacobson from a suggestion by Steve Deering. Debugged by a cast of thousands with particularly cogent suggestions or fixes from C. Philip Wood, Tim Seaver and Ken Adelman. -.Sh SEE ALSO -.Xr netstat 1 , -.Xr ping 8 -.Sh HISTORY -The -.Nm -command -.Bt +.LP +The current version is available via anonymous ftp: +.LP +.RS +.I ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/traceroute.tar.Z +.RE +.SH BUGS +Please send bug reports to traceroute@ee.lbl.gov. diff --git a/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.c b/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.c index 6291125bb452..49c7e32ca9ce 100644 --- a/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.c +++ b/usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.c @@ -1,54 +1,37 @@ -/* $NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.17 1997/09/02 21:48:50 is Exp $ */ +/* $NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.18 1997/10/04 16:31:36 christos Exp $ */ -/*- - * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 +/* + * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * - * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by - * Van Jacobson. - * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without - * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions - * are met: - * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the - * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. - * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software - * must display the following acknowledgement: - * This product includes software developed by the University of - * California, Berkeley and its contributors. - * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors - * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software - * without specific prior written permission. - * - * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND - * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE - * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE - * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE - * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL - * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS - * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) - * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT - * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY - * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF - * SUCH DAMAGE. + * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions + * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2) + * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and + * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials + * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning + * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement: + * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California, + * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of + * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse + * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior + * written permission. + * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED + * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. */ -#ifndef lint -static char copyright[] = -"@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\ - The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; -#endif /* not lint */ - +#include #ifndef lint #if 0 -static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";*/ +static const char rcsid[] = + "@(#)Header: traceroute.c,v 1.49 97/06/13 02:30:23 leres Exp (LBL)"; #else -static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.17 1997/09/02 21:48:50 is Exp $"; +__COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997\n\ +The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"); +__RCSID("$NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.18 1997/10/04 16:31:36 christos Exp $"); +#endif #endif -#endif /* not lint */ /* * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host". @@ -217,141 +200,228 @@ static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.17 1997/09/02 21:48:50 is Exp $ * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day... * - * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov) + * -- Van Jacobson (van@ee.lbl.gov) * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988 */ #include -#include -#include #include #include +#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H +#include +#endif +#include +#include #include #include #include -#include #include +#include #include +#include #include #include -#include #include +#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_H +#include +#endif +#include #include #include #include #include #include +#include "gnuc.h" +#ifdef HAVE_OS_PROTO_H +#include "os-proto.h" +#endif + +#include "ifaddrlist.h" +#include "savestr.h" + +/* Maximum number of gateways (include room for one noop) */ +#define NGATEWAYS ((int)((MAX_IPOPTLEN - IPOPT_MINOFF - 1) / sizeof(u_int32_t))) + +#ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN +#define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 64 +#endif + #define Fprintf (void)fprintf #define Printf (void)printf -#define HEADERSIZE (sizeof(struct ip) + lsrrlen + sizeof(struct udphdr) + sizeof(struct packetdata)) -#define MAX_LSRR ((MAX_IPOPTLEN - 4) / 4) +/* Host name and address list */ +struct hostinfo { + char *name; + int n; + u_int32_t *addrs; +}; -/* - * Format of the data in a (udp) probe packet. - */ -struct packetdata { +/* Data section of the probe packet */ +struct outdata { u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */ u_char ttl; /* ttl packet left with */ struct timeval tv; /* time packet left */ }; -struct in_addr gateway[MAX_LSRR + 1]; -int lsrrlen = 0; +u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */ -u_char packet[512], *outpacket; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */ +struct ip *outip; /* last output (udp) packet */ +struct udphdr *outudp; /* last output (udp) packet */ +struct outdata *outdata; /* last output (udp) packet */ -int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct sockaddr_in *)); -void send_probe __P((int, int, struct sockaddr_in *)); -double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *)); -int packet_ok __P((u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, int)); -void print __P((u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *)); -char *inetname __P((struct in_addr)); -void usage __P((void)); +struct icmp *outicmp; /* last output (icmp) packet */ + +/* loose source route gateway list (including room for final destination) */ +u_int32_t gwlist[NGATEWAYS + 1]; int s; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */ -int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */ -struct timezone tz; /* leftover */ +int sndsock; /* send (udp/icmp) socket file descriptor */ -int datalen; /* How much data */ +struct sockaddr whereto; /* Who to try to reach */ +struct sockaddr_in wherefrom; /* Who we are */ +int packlen; /* total length of packet */ +int minpacket; /* min ip packet size */ +int maxpacket = 32 * 1024; /* max ip packet size */ -char *source = 0; +char *prog; +char *source; char *hostname; +char *device; int nprobes = 3; int max_ttl = 30; +int first_ttl = 1; u_short ident; -u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */ +u_short port = 32768 + 666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */ + int options; /* socket options */ int verbose; int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */ int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */ int dump; +int useicmp; /* use icmp echo instead of udp packets */ +#ifdef CANT_HACK_CKSUM +int docksum = 0; /* don't calculate checksums */ +#else +int docksum = 1; /* calculate checksums */ +#endif +int optlen; /* length of ip options */ + +extern int optind; +extern int opterr; +extern char *optarg; + +/* Forwards */ +double deltaT(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); +void freehostinfo(struct hostinfo *); +void getaddr(u_int32_t *, char *); +struct hostinfo *gethostinfo(char *); +u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int); +char *inetname(struct in_addr); +int main(int, char **); +int packet_ok(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, int); +char *pr_type(u_char); +void print(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *); +void dump_packet(void); +void send_probe(int, int, struct timeval *); +void setsin(struct sockaddr_in *, u_int32_t); +int str2val(const char *, const char *, int, int); +void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); +__dead void usage(void); +int wait_for_reply(int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *); int -main(argc, argv) - int argc; - char *argv[]; +main(int argc, char **argv) { - struct hostent *hp; - struct protoent *pe; - struct sockaddr_in from, to; - int ch, i, lsrr, on, probe, seq, tos, ttl, ttl_flag; - struct ip *ip; + register int op, code, n; + register char *cp; + register u_char *outp; + register u_int32_t *ap; + register struct sockaddr_in *from = &wherefrom; + register struct sockaddr_in *to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; + register struct hostinfo *hi; + int on = 1; + register struct protoent *pe; + register int ttl, probe, i; + register int seq = 0; + int tos = 0, settos = 0, ttl_flag = 0; + register int lsrr = 0; + register u_short off = 0; + struct ifaddrlist *al; + char errbuf[132]; + + if ((cp = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL) + prog = cp + 1; + else + prog = argv[0]; + + opterr = 0; + while ((op = getopt(argc, argv, "dDFInlrvxf:g:i:m:p:q:s:t:w:")) != EOF) + switch (op) { - lsrr = 0; - on = 1; - seq = tos = 0; - ttl_flag = 0; - while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dDg:lm:np:q:rs:t:w:v")) != -1) - switch (ch) { case 'd': options |= SO_DEBUG; break; + case 'D': dump = 1; break; + + case 'f': + first_ttl = str2val(optarg, "first ttl", 1, 255); + break; + + case 'F': + off = IP_DF; + break; + case 'g': - if (lsrr >= MAX_LSRR) - errx(1, "too many gateways; max %d", MAX_LSRR); - if (inet_aton(optarg, &gateway[lsrr]) == 0) { - hp = gethostbyname(optarg); - if (hp == 0) - errx(1, "unknown host %s", optarg); - memcpy(&gateway[lsrr], hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); + if (lsrr >= NGATEWAYS) { + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: No more than %d gateways\n", + prog, NGATEWAYS); + exit(1); } - if (++lsrr == 1) - lsrrlen = 4; - lsrrlen += 4; + getaddr(gwlist + lsrr, optarg); + ++lsrr; break; + + case 'i': + device = optarg; + break; + + case 'I': + ++useicmp; + break; + case 'l': - ttl_flag = 1; + ++ttl_flag; break; + case 'm': - max_ttl = atoi(optarg); - if (max_ttl < 1 || max_ttl > MAXTTL) - errx(1, "max ttl must be 1 to %d.", MAXTTL); + max_ttl = str2val(optarg, "max ttl", 1, 255); break; + case 'n': - nflag++; + ++nflag; break; + case 'p': - port = atoi(optarg); - if (port < 1) - errx(1, "port must be >0."); + port = str2val(optarg, "port", 1, -1); break; + case 'q': - nprobes = atoi(optarg); - if (nprobes < 1) - errx(1, "nprobes must be >0."); + nprobes = str2val(optarg, "nprobes", 1, -1); break; + case 'r': options |= SO_DONTROUTE; break; + case 's': /* * set the ip source address of the outbound @@ -359,144 +429,341 @@ main(argc, argv) */ source = optarg; break; + case 't': - tos = atoi(optarg); - if (tos < 0 || tos > 255) - errx(1, "tos must be 0 to 255."); + tos = str2val(optarg, "tos", 0, 255); + ++settos; break; + case 'v': - verbose++; + ++verbose; break; + + case 'x': + docksum = (docksum == 0); + break; + case 'w': - waittime = atoi(optarg); - if (waittime <= 1) - errx(1, "wait must be >1 sec."); + waittime = str2val(optarg, "wait time", 2, -1); break; + default: usage(); } - argc -= optind; - argv += optind; - if (argc < 1) + if (first_ttl > max_ttl) { + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: first ttl (%d) may not be greater than max ttl (%d)\n", + prog, first_ttl, max_ttl); + exit(1); + } + + if (!docksum) + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: Warning: ckecksums disabled\n", prog); + + if (lsrr > 0) + optlen = (lsrr + 1) * sizeof(gwlist[0]); + minpacket = sizeof(*outip) + sizeof(*outdata) + optlen; + if (useicmp) + minpacket += 8; /* XXX magic number */ + else + minpacket += sizeof(*outudp); + if (packlen == 0) + packlen = minpacket; /* minimum sized packet */ + else if (minpacket > packlen || packlen > maxpacket) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: packet size must be %d <= s <= %d\n", + prog, minpacket, maxpacket); + exit(1); + } + + /* Process destination and optional packet size */ + switch (argc - optind) { + + case 2: + packlen = str2val(argv[optind + 1], + "packet length", minpacket, -1); + /* Fall through */ + + case 1: + hostname = argv[optind]; + hi = gethostinfo(hostname); + setsin(to, hi->addrs[0]); + if (hi->n > 1) + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: Warning: %s has multiple addresses; using %s\n", + prog, hostname, inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr)); + hostname = hi->name; + hi->name = NULL; + freehostinfo(hi); + break; + + default: usage(); + } +#ifdef HAVE_SETLINEBUF setlinebuf (stdout); +#else + setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0); +#endif - (void) memset(&to, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); - to.sin_family = AF_INET; - if (inet_aton(*argv, &to.sin_addr) != 0) - hostname = *argv; - else { - hp = gethostbyname(*argv); - if (hp == 0) - errx(1, "unknown host %s", *argv); - to.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; - memcpy(&to.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); - hostname = hp->h_name; + outip = (struct ip *)malloc((unsigned)packlen); + if (outip == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: malloc: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); } - if (*++argv) - datalen = atoi(*argv); - if (datalen < 0 || datalen > IP_MAXPACKET - HEADERSIZE) - errx(1, "packet size must be 0 to %d.", - IP_MAXPACKET - HEADERSIZE); - datalen += HEADERSIZE; + memset((char *)outip, 0, packlen); - outpacket = (u_char *)malloc(datalen); - if (outpacket == 0) - err(1, "malloc"); - (void) memset(outpacket, 0, datalen); + outip->ip_v = IPVERSION; + if (settos) + outip->ip_tos = tos; +#ifdef BYTESWAP_IP_LEN + outip->ip_len = htons(packlen); +#else + outip->ip_len = packlen; +#endif + outip->ip_off = off; + outp = (u_char *)(outip + 1); +#ifdef HAVE_RAW_OPTIONS + if (lsrr > 0) { + register u_char *optlist; - ip = (struct ip *)outpacket; - if (lsrr != 0) { - u_char *p; - p = (u_char *)(ip + 1); - *p++ = IPOPT_NOP; - *p++ = IPOPT_LSRR; - *p++ = lsrrlen - 1; - *p++ = IPOPT_MINOFF; - gateway[lsrr] = to.sin_addr; - for (i = 1; i <= lsrr; i++) - *((struct in_addr *)p)++ = gateway[i]; - ip->ip_dst = gateway[0]; + optlist = outp; + outp += optlen; + + /* final hop */ + gwlist[lsrr] = to->sin_addr.s_addr; + + outip->ip_dst.s_addr = gwlist[0]; + + /* force 4 byte alignment */ + optlist[0] = IPOPT_NOP; + /* loose source route option */ + optlist[1] = IPOPT_LSRR; + i = lsrr * sizeof(gwlist[0]); + optlist[2] = i + 3; + /* Pointer to LSRR addresses */ + optlist[3] = IPOPT_MINOFF; + memcpy(optlist + 4, gwlist + 1, i); } else - ip->ip_dst = to.sin_addr; - ip->ip_off = 0; - ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip) + lsrrlen) >> 2; - ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_UDP; - ip->ip_v = IPVERSION; - ip->ip_tos = tos; +#endif + outip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr; + outip->ip_hl = (outp - (u_char *)outip) >> 2; ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000; + if (useicmp) { + outip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP; - if ((pe = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL) { - Fprintf(stderr, "icmp: unknown protocol\n"); - exit(10); + outicmp = (struct icmp *)outp; + outicmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; + outicmp->icmp_id = htons(ident); + + outdata = (struct outdata *)(outp + 8); /* XXX magic number */ + } else { + outip->ip_p = IPPROTO_UDP; + + outudp = (struct udphdr *)outp; + outudp->uh_sport = htons(ident); + outudp->uh_ulen = + htons((u_short)(packlen - (sizeof(*outip) + optlen))); + outdata = (struct outdata *)(outudp + 1); } - if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, pe->p_proto)) < 0) - err(5, "icmp socket"); - if (options & SO_DEBUG) - (void) setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, - (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); - if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) - (void) setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, - (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); - if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0) - err(5, "raw socket"); + cp = "icmp"; + if ((pe = getprotobyname(cp)) == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown protocol %s\n", prog, cp); + exit(1); + } + if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, pe->p_proto)) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: icmp socket: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } + if (options & SO_DEBUG) + (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on, + sizeof(on)); + if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) + (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on, + sizeof(on)); + +#ifndef __hpux + sndsock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW); +#else + sndsock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, + useicmp ? IPPROTO_ICMP : IPPROTO_UDP); +#endif + if (sndsock < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: raw socket: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } + + /* Revert to non-privileged user after opening sockets */ + setuid(getuid()); + +#if defined(IP_OPTIONS) && !defined(HAVE_RAW_OPTIONS) + if (lsrr > 0) { + u_char optlist[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; + + cp = "ip"; + if ((pe = getprotobyname(cp)) == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown protocol %s\n", prog, cp); + exit(1); + } + + /* final hop */ + gwlist[lsrr] = to->sin_addr.s_addr; + ++lsrr; + + /* force 4 byte alignment */ + optlist[0] = IPOPT_NOP; + /* loose source route option */ + optlist[1] = IPOPT_LSRR; + i = lsrr * sizeof(gwlist[0]); + optlist[2] = i + 3; + /* Pointer to LSRR addresses */ + optlist[3] = IPOPT_MINOFF; + memcpy(optlist + 4, gwlist, i); + + if ((setsockopt(sndsock, pe->p_proto, IP_OPTIONS, optlist, + i + sizeof(gwlist[0]))) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: IP_OPTIONS: %s\n", + prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } + } +#endif #ifdef SO_SNDBUF - if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen, - sizeof(datalen)) < 0) - err(6, "SO_SNDBUF"); -#endif SO_SNDBUF + if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&packlen, + sizeof(packlen)) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: SO_SNDBUF: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } +#endif #ifdef IP_HDRINCL if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&on, - sizeof(on)) < 0) - err(6, "IP_HDRINCL"); -#endif IP_HDRINCL + sizeof(on)) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: IP_HDRINCL: %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } +#else +#ifdef IP_TOS + if (settos && setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, + (char *)&tos, sizeof(tos)) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: setsockopt tos %d: %s\n", + prog, tos, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } +#endif +#endif if (options & SO_DEBUG) - (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, - (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); + (void)setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on, + sizeof(on)); if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) - (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, - (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); + (void)setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on, + sizeof(on)); - if (source) { - (void) memset(&from, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); - from.sin_family = AF_INET; - if (inet_aton(source, &from.sin_addr) == 0) - errx(1, "unknown host %s", source); - ip->ip_src = from.sin_addr; -#ifndef IP_HDRINCL - if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&from, sizeof(from)) < 0) - err(1, "bind"); -#endif IP_HDRINCL + /* Get the interface address list */ + n = ifaddrlist(&al, errbuf); + if (n < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: ifaddrlist: %s\n", prog, errbuf); + exit(1); + } + if (n == 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: Can't find any network interfaces\n", prog); + exit(1); } + /* Look for a specific device */ + if (device != NULL) { + for (i = n; i > 0; --i, ++al) + if (strcmp(device, al->device) == 0) + break; + if (i <= 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't find interface %s\n", + prog, device); + exit(1); + } + } + + /* Determine our source address */ + if (source == NULL) { + /* + * If a device was specified, use the interface address. + * Otherwise, use the first interface found. + * Warn if there are more than one. + */ + setsin(from, al->addr); + if (n > 1 && device == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: Warning: Multiple interfaces found; using %s @ %s\n", + prog, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr), al->device); + } + } else { + hi = gethostinfo(source); + source = hi->name; + hi->name = NULL; + if (device == NULL) { + /* + * Use the first interface found. + * Warn if there are more than one. + */ + setsin(from, hi->addrs[0]); + if (hi->n > 1) + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: Warning: %s has multiple addresses; using %s\n", + prog, source, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); + } else { + /* + * Make sure the source specified matches the + * interface address. + */ + for (i = hi->n, ap = hi->addrs; i > 0; --i, ++ap) + if (*ap == al->addr) + break; + if (i <= 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, + "%s: %s is not on interface %s\n", + prog, source, device); + exit(1); + } + setsin(from, *ap); + } + freehostinfo(hi); + } + outip->ip_src = from->sin_addr; +#ifndef IP_HDRINCL + if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)from, sizeof(*from)) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: bind: %s\n", + prog, strerror(errno)); + exit (1); + } +#endif + setuid(getuid()); - Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute to %s (%s)", hostname, - inet_ntoa(to.sin_addr)); + Fprintf(stderr, "%s to %s (%s)", + prog, hostname, inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr)); if (source) Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source); - Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, datalen); - (void) fflush(stderr); + Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, packlen); + (void)fflush(stderr); - for (ttl = 1; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) { - u_long lastaddr = 0; + for (ttl = first_ttl; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) { + u_int32_t lastaddr = 0; int got_there = 0; int unreachable = 0; Printf("%2d ", ttl); for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) { - int cc; + register int cc; struct timeval t1, t2; struct timezone tz; + register struct ip *ip; - (void) gettimeofday(&t1, &tz); - send_probe(++seq, ttl, &to); - while (cc = wait_for_reply(s, &from)) { - (void) gettimeofday(&t2, &tz); + (void)gettimeofday(&t1, &tz); + send_probe(++seq, ttl, &t1); + while ((cc = wait_for_reply(s, from, &t1)) != 0) { + (void)gettimeofday(&t2, &tz); /* * Since we'll be receiving all ICMP * messages to this host above, we may @@ -507,86 +774,114 @@ main(argc, argv) cc = 0; break; } - if ((i = packet_ok(packet, cc, &from, seq))) { - if (from.sin_addr.s_addr != lastaddr) { - print(packet, cc, &from); - lastaddr = from.sin_addr.s_addr; - } - ip = (struct ip *)packet; - Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2)); - if (ttl_flag) - Printf(" (ttl = %d)", - ip->ip_ttl); - if (i == -1) - break; - switch(i - 1) { - case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: + i = packet_ok(packet, cc, from, seq); + /* Skip short packet */ + if (i == 0) + continue; + if (from->sin_addr.s_addr != lastaddr) { + print(packet, cc, from); + lastaddr = from->sin_addr.s_addr; + } + ip = (struct ip *)packet; + Printf(" %.3f ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2)); + if (ttl_flag) + Printf(" (ttl = %d)", ip->ip_ttl); + if (i == -2) { #ifndef ARCHAIC - ip = (struct ip *)packet; - if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1) - Printf(" !"); -#endif ARCHAIC - ++got_there; - break; - case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: - ++unreachable; - Printf(" !N"); - break; - case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: - ++unreachable; - Printf(" !H"); - break; - case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: - ++got_there; - Printf(" !P"); - break; - case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: - ++unreachable; - Printf(" !F"); - break; - case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: - ++unreachable; - Printf(" !S"); - break; - case ICMP_UNREACH_ADMIN_PROHIBIT: - ++unreachable; - Printf(" !A"); - break; - default: - ++unreachable; - printf(" !<%d>", i-1); - break; - } + if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1) + Printf(" !"); +#endif + ++got_there; break; } + /* time exceeded in transit */ + if (i == -1) + break; + code = i - 1; + switch (code) { + + case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: +#ifndef ARCHAIC + if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1) + Printf(" !"); +#endif + ++got_there; + break; + + case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: + ++unreachable; + Printf(" !N"); + break; + + case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: + ++unreachable; + Printf(" !H"); + break; + + case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: + ++got_there; + Printf(" !P"); + break; + + case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: + ++unreachable; + Printf(" !F"); + break; + + case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: + ++unreachable; + Printf(" !S"); + break; + +/* rfc1716 */ +#ifndef ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB +#define ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB 13 /* admin prohibited filter */ +#endif + case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: + ++unreachable; + Printf(" !X"); + break; + + default: + ++unreachable; + Printf(" !<%d>", code); + break; + } + break; } if (cc == 0) Printf(" *"); - (void) fflush(stdout); + (void)fflush(stdout); } putchar('\n'); - if (got_there || unreachable >= nprobes) - exit(0); + if (got_there || + (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= nprobes)) + break; } + exit(0); } int -wait_for_reply(sock, from) - int sock; - struct sockaddr_in *from; +wait_for_reply(register int sock, register struct sockaddr_in *fromp, + register struct timeval *tp) { fd_set fds; - struct timeval wait; - int cc = 0; - int fromlen = sizeof (*from); + struct timeval now, wait; + struct timezone tz; + register int cc = 0; + int fromlen = sizeof(*fromp); FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(sock, &fds); - wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0; - if (select(sock+1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0) - cc=recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, sizeof(packet), 0, - (struct sockaddr *)from, &fromlen); + wait.tv_sec = tp->tv_sec + waittime; + wait.tv_usec = tp->tv_usec; + (void)gettimeofday(&now, &tz); + tvsub(&wait, &now); + + if (select(sock + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &wait) > 0) + cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, sizeof(packet), 0, + (struct sockaddr *)fromp, &fromlen); return(cc); } @@ -598,7 +893,14 @@ dump_packet() int i; Fprintf(stderr, "packet data:"); - for (p = outpacket, i = 0; i < datalen; i++) { + +#ifdef __hpux + for (p = useicmp ? (u_char *)outicmp : (u_char *)outudp, i = 0; i < + i < packlen - (sizeof(*outip) + optlen); i++) +#else + for (p = (u_char *)outip, i = 0; i < packlen; i++) +#endif + { if ((i % 24) == 0) Fprintf(stderr, "\n "); Fprintf(stderr, " %02x", *p++); @@ -607,47 +909,121 @@ dump_packet() } void -send_probe(seq, ttl, to) - int seq, ttl; - struct sockaddr_in *to; +send_probe(register int seq, int ttl, register struct timeval *tp) { - struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpacket; - u_char *p = (u_char *)(ip + 1); - struct udphdr *up = (struct udphdr *)(p + lsrrlen); - struct packetdata *op = (struct packetdata *)(up + 1); - int i; + register int cc; + register struct udpiphdr * ui; + struct ip tip; - ip->ip_len = datalen; - ip->ip_ttl = ttl; - ip->ip_id = htons(ident+seq); + outip->ip_ttl = ttl; +#ifndef __hpux + outip->ip_id = htons(ident + seq); +#endif - up->uh_sport = htons(ident); - up->uh_dport = htons(port+seq); - up->uh_ulen = htons((u_short)(datalen - sizeof(struct ip) - lsrrlen)); - up->uh_sum = 0; + /* + * In most cases, the kernel will recalculate the ip checksum. + * But we must do it anyway so that the udp checksum comes out + * right. + */ + if (docksum) { + outip->ip_sum = + in_cksum((u_short *)outip, sizeof(*outip) + optlen); + if (outip->ip_sum == 0) + outip->ip_sum = 0xffff; + } - op->seq = seq; - op->ttl = ttl; - (void) gettimeofday(&op->tv, &tz); + /* Payload */ + outdata->seq = seq; + outdata->ttl = ttl; + outdata->tv = *tp; + if (useicmp) + outicmp->icmp_seq = htons(seq); + else + outudp->uh_dport = htons(port + seq); + + /* (We can only do the checksum if we know our ip address) */ + if (docksum) { + if (useicmp) { + outicmp->icmp_cksum = 0; + outicmp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)outicmp, + packlen - (sizeof(*outip) + optlen)); + if (outicmp->icmp_cksum == 0) + outicmp->icmp_cksum = 0xffff; + } else { + /* Checksum (must save and restore ip header) */ + tip = *outip; + ui = (struct udpiphdr *)outip; +#ifndef __NetBSD__ + ui->ui_next = 0; + ui->ui_prev = 0; + ui->ui_x1 = 0; +#else + memset(ui->ui_x1, 0, sizeof(ui->ui_x1)); +#endif + ui->ui_len = outudp->uh_ulen; + outudp->uh_sum = 0; + outudp->uh_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)ui, packlen); + if (outudp->uh_sum == 0) + outudp->uh_sum = 0xffff; + *outip = tip; + } + } + + /* XXX undocumented debugging hack */ + if (verbose > 1) { + register const u_short *sp; + register int nshorts, i; + + sp = (u_short *)outip; + nshorts = (u_int)packlen / sizeof(u_short); + i = 0; + Printf("[ %d bytes", packlen); + while (--nshorts >= 0) { + if ((i++ % 8) == 0) + Printf("\n\t"); + Printf(" %04x", ntohs(*sp++)); + } + if (packlen & 1) { + if ((i % 8) == 0) + Printf("\n\t"); + Printf(" %02x", *(u_char *)sp); + } + Printf("]\n"); + } + +#if !defined(IP_HDRINCL) && defined(IP_TTL) + if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, + (char *)&ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: setsockopt ttl %d: %s\n", + prog, ttl, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } +#endif if (dump) dump_packet(); - i = sendto(sndsock, outpacket, datalen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)to, - sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); - if (i < 0 || i != datalen) { - if (i<0) - perror("sendto"); - Printf("traceroute: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, - datalen, i); - (void) fflush(stdout); +#ifdef __hpux + cc = sendto(sndsock, useicmp ? (char *)outicmp : (char *)outudp, + packlen - (sizeof(*outip) + optlen), 0, &whereto, sizeof(whereto)); + if (cc > 0) + cc += sizeof(*outip) + optlen; +#else + cc = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outip, + packlen, 0, &whereto, sizeof(whereto)); +#endif + if (cc < 0 || cc != packlen) { + if (cc < 0) + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: sendto: %s\n", + prog, strerror(errno)); + Printf("%s: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", + prog, hostname, packlen, cc); + (void)fflush(stdout); } } - double -deltaT(t1p, t2p) - struct timeval *t1p, *t2p; +deltaT(struct timeval *t1p, struct timeval *t2p) { register double dt; @@ -656,13 +1032,11 @@ deltaT(t1p, t2p) return (dt); } - /* * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string. */ char * -pr_type(t) - u_char t; +pr_type(register u_char t) { static char *ttab[] = { "Echo Reply", "ICMP 1", "ICMP 2", "Dest Unreachable", @@ -672,25 +1046,21 @@ pr_type(t) "Info Reply" }; - if(t > 16) + if (t > 16) return("OUT-OF-RANGE"); return(ttab[t]); } - int -packet_ok(buf, cc, from, seq) - u_char *buf; - int cc; - struct sockaddr_in *from; - int seq; +packet_ok(register u_char *buf, int cc, register struct sockaddr_in *from, + register int seq) { register struct icmp *icp; - u_char type, code; - int hlen; + register u_char type, code; + register int hlen; #ifndef ARCHAIC - struct ip *ip; + register struct ip *ip; ip = (struct ip *) buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; @@ -704,46 +1074,62 @@ packet_ok(buf, cc, from, seq) icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); #else icp = (struct icmp *)buf; -#endif ARCHAIC - type = icp->icmp_type; code = icp->icmp_code; +#endif + type = icp->icmp_type; + code = icp->icmp_code; if ((type == ICMP_TIMXCEED && code == ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS) || - type == ICMP_UNREACH) { - struct ip *hip; - struct udphdr *up; + type == ICMP_UNREACH || type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { + register struct ip *hip; + register struct udphdr *up; + register struct icmp *hicmp; hip = &icp->icmp_ip; hlen = hip->ip_hl << 2; - up = (struct udphdr *)((u_char *)hip + hlen); - if (hlen + 12 <= cc && hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP && - up->uh_sport == htons(ident) && - up->uh_dport == htons(port+seq)) - return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED? -1 : code+1); + if (useicmp) { + /* XXX */ + if (type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY && + icp->icmp_id == htons(ident) && + icp->icmp_seq == htons(seq)) + return (-2); + + hicmp = (struct icmp *)((u_char *)hip + hlen); + /* XXX 8 is a magic number */ + if (hlen + 8 <= cc && + hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP && + hicmp->icmp_id == htons(ident) && + hicmp->icmp_seq == htons(seq)) + return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1); + } else { + up = (struct udphdr *)((u_char *)hip + hlen); + /* XXX 8 is a magic number */ + if (hlen + 12 <= cc && + hip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP && + up->uh_sport == htons(ident) && + up->uh_dport == htons(port + seq)) + return (type == ICMP_TIMXCEED ? -1 : code + 1); + } } #ifndef ARCHAIC if (verbose) { - int i; - u_long *lp = (u_long *)&icp->icmp_ip; + register int i; + u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)&icp->icmp_ip; - Printf("\n%d bytes from %s", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); - Printf(" to %s", inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst)); - Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type), - icp->icmp_code); - for (i = 4; i < cc ; i += sizeof(long)) - Printf("%2d: x%8.8lx\n", i, *lp++); + Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to ", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); + Printf("%s: icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", + inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst), type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp_code); + for (i = 4; i < cc ; i += sizeof(*lp)) + Printf("%2d: x%8.8x\n", i, *lp++); } -#endif ARCHAIC +#endif return(0); } void -print(buf, cc, from) - u_char *buf; - int cc; - struct sockaddr_in *from; +print(register u_char *buf, register int cc, register struct sockaddr_in *from) { - struct ip *ip; - int hlen; + register struct ip *ip; + register int hlen; ip = (struct ip *) buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; @@ -753,21 +1139,17 @@ print(buf, cc, from) Printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); else Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname(from->sin_addr), - inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); + inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); if (verbose) - Printf (" %d bytes to %s", cc, inet_ntoa (ip->ip_dst)); + Printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc, inet_ntoa (ip->ip_dst)); } - -#ifdef notyet /* * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) */ u_short -in_cksum(addr, len) - u_short *addr; - int len; +in_cksum(register u_short *addr, register int len) { register int nleft = len; register u_short *w = addr; @@ -797,7 +1179,21 @@ in_cksum(addr, len) answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return (answer); } -#endif notyet + +/* + * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. + * Out is assumed to be >= in. + */ +void +tvsub(register struct timeval *out, register struct timeval *in) +{ + + if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { + --out->tv_sec; + out->tv_usec += 1000000; + } + out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; +} /* * Construct an Internet address representation. @@ -805,52 +1201,164 @@ in_cksum(addr, len) * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name. */ char * -inetname(in) - struct in_addr in; +inetname(struct in_addr in) { register char *cp; - static char line[50]; - struct hostent *hp; - static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; + register struct hostent *hp; static int first = 1; + static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1], line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; if (first && !nflag) { first = 0; if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 && - (cp = index(domain, '.'))) { - (void) strncpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain)); + (cp = strchr(domain, '.')) != NULL) { + (void)strncpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain) - 1); domain[sizeof(domain) - 1] = '\0'; } else - domain[0] = 0; + domain[0] = '\0'; } - cp = 0; if (!nflag && in.s_addr != INADDR_ANY) { - hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in, sizeof (in), AF_INET); - if (hp) { - if ((cp = index(hp->h_name, '.')) && - !strcmp(cp + 1, domain)) - *cp = 0; - cp = hp->h_name; + hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in, sizeof(in), AF_INET); + if (hp != NULL) { + if ((cp = strchr(hp->h_name, '.')) != NULL && + strcmp(cp + 1, domain) == 0) + *cp = '\0'; + (void)strncpy(line, hp->h_name, sizeof(line) - 1); + line[sizeof(line) - 1] = '\0'; + return (line); } } - if (cp) { - (void) strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line)); - line[sizeof(line) - 1] = '\0'; - } else { - in.s_addr = ntohl(in.s_addr); -#define C(x) ((x) & 0xff) - (void)snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%lu.%lu.%lu.%lu", - C(in.s_addr >> 24), C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8), - C(in.s_addr)); + return (inet_ntoa(in)); +} + +struct hostinfo * +gethostinfo(register char *hostname) +{ + register int n; + register struct hostent *hp; + register struct hostinfo *hi; + register char **p; + register u_int32_t *ap; + struct in_addr addr; + + hi = calloc(1, sizeof(*hi)); + if (hi == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: calloc %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); } - return (line); + if (inet_aton(hostname, &addr) != 0) { + hi->name = savestr(hostname); + hi->n = 1; + hi->addrs = calloc(1, sizeof(hi->addrs[0])); + if (hi->addrs == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: calloc %s\n", + prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } + hi->addrs[0] = addr.s_addr; + return (hi); + } + + hp = gethostbyname(hostname); + if (hp == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown host %s\n", prog, hostname); + exit(1); + } + if (hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET || hp->h_length != 4) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: bad host %s\n", prog, hostname); + exit(1); + } + hi->name = savestr(hp->h_name); + for (n = 0, p = hp->h_addr_list; *p != NULL; ++n, ++p) + continue; + hi->n = n; + hi->addrs = calloc(n, sizeof(hi->addrs[0])); + if (hi->addrs == NULL) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: calloc %s\n", prog, strerror(errno)); + exit(1); + } + for (ap = hi->addrs, p = hp->h_addr_list; *p != NULL; ++ap, ++p) + memcpy(ap, *p, sizeof(*ap)); + return (hi); } void -usage() +freehostinfo(register struct hostinfo *hi) { - (void)fprintf(stderr, -"usage: traceroute [-dDnrv] [-g gateway_addr] ... [-m max_ttl] [-p port#]\n\t\ -[-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] host [data size]\n"); + if (hi->name != NULL) { + free(hi->name); + hi->name = NULL; + } + free((char *)hi->addrs); + free((char *)hi); +} + +void +getaddr(register u_int32_t *ap, register char *hostname) +{ + register struct hostinfo *hi; + + hi = gethostinfo(hostname); + *ap = hi->addrs[0]; + freehostinfo(hi); +} + +void +setsin(register struct sockaddr_in *sin, register u_int32_t addr) +{ + + memset(sin, 0, sizeof(*sin)); +#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_SA_LEN + sin->sin_len = sizeof(*sin); +#endif + sin->sin_family = AF_INET; + sin->sin_addr.s_addr = addr; +} + +/* String to value with optional min and max. Handles decimal and hex. */ +int +str2val(register const char *str, register const char *what, + register int mi, register int ma) +{ + register const char *cp; + register int val; + char *ep; + + if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'x' || str[1] == 'X')) { + cp = str + 2; + val = (int)strtol(cp, &ep, 16); + } else + val = (int)strtol(str, &ep, 10); + if (*ep != '\0') { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: \"%s\" bad value for %s \n", + prog, str, what); + exit(1); + } + if (val < mi && mi >= 0) { + if (mi == 0) + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s must be >= %d\n", + prog, what, mi); + else + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s must be > %d\n", + prog, what, mi - 1); + exit(1); + } + if (val > ma && ma >= 0) { + Fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s must be <= %d\n", prog, what, ma); + exit(1); + } + return (val); +} + +__dead void +usage(void) +{ + extern char version[]; + + Fprintf(stderr, "Version %s\n", version); + Fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-dDFIlnrvx] [-g gateway] [-i iface] \ +[-f first_ttl] [-m max_ttl]\n\t[ -p port] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t tos] \ +[-w waittime]\n\thost [packetlen]\n", + prog); exit(1); }