Initial import of bzip2-0.9.0b from Julian Seward.

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ross 1998-09-14 03:01:19 +00:00
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This program, "bzip2" and associated library "libbzip2", are
copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998

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This is the README for bzip2, a block-sorting file compressor, version
0.9.0. This version is fully compatible with the previous public
release, bzip2-0.1pl2.
bzip2-0.9.0 is distributed under a BSD-style license. For details,
see the file LICENSE.
Complete documentation is available in Postscript form (manual.ps)
or html (manual_toc.html). A plain-text version of the manual page is
available as bzip2.txt.
HOW TO BUILD -- UNIX
Type `make'.
This creates binaries "bzip2" and "bzip2recover".
It also runs four compress-decompress tests to make sure things are
working properly. If all goes well, you should be up & running.
Please be sure to read the output from `make' just to be sure that the
tests went ok.
To install bzip2 properly:
* Copy the binaries "bzip2" and "bzip2recover" to a publically visible
place, possibly /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin.
* In that directory, make "bunzip2" and "bzcat" be symbolic links
to "bzip2".
* Copy the manual page, bzip2.1, to the relevant place.
Probably the right place is /usr/man/man1/.
If you want to program with the library, you'll need to copy libbz2.a
and bzlib.h to /usr/lib and /usr/include respectively.
HOW TO BUILD -- Windows 95, NT, DOS, Mac, etc.
It's difficult for me to support compilation on all these platforms.
My approach is to collect binaries for these platforms, and put them
on my web page (http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk). Look there.
VALIDATION
Correct operation, in the sense that a compressed file can always be
decompressed to reproduce the original, is obviously of paramount
importance. To validate bzip2, I used a modified version of Mark
Nelson's churn program. Churn is an automated test driver which
recursively traverses a directory structure, using bzip2 to compress
and then decompress each file it encounters, and checking that the
decompressed data is the same as the original. There are more details
in Section 4 of the user guide.
Please read and be aware of the following:
WARNING:
This program (attempts to) compress data by performing several
non-trivial transformations on it. Unless you are 100% familiar
with *all* the algorithms contained herein, and with the
consequences of modifying them, you should NOT meddle with the
compression or decompression machinery. Incorrect changes can and
very likely *will* lead to disastrous loss of data.
DISCLAIMER:
I TAKE NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY LOSS OF DATA ARISING FROM THE
USE OF THIS PROGRAM, HOWSOEVER CAUSED.
Every compression of a file implies an assumption that the
compressed file can be decompressed to reproduce the original.
Great efforts in design, coding and testing have been made to
ensure that this program works correctly. However, the complexity
of the algorithms, and, in particular, the presence of various
special cases in the code which occur with very low but non-zero
probability make it impossible to rule out the possibility of bugs
remaining in the program. DO NOT COMPRESS ANY DATA WITH THIS
PROGRAM UNLESS YOU ARE PREPARED TO ACCEPT THE POSSIBILITY, HOWEVER
SMALL, THAT THE DATA WILL NOT BE RECOVERABLE.
That is not to say this program is inherently unreliable. Indeed,
I very much hope the opposite is true. bzip2 has been carefully
constructed and extensively tested.
PATENTS:
To the best of my knowledge, bzip2 does not use any patented
algorithms. However, I do not have the resources available to
carry out a full patent search. Therefore I cannot give any
guarantee of the above statement.
End of legalities.
WHAT'S NEW IN 0.9.0 (as compared to 0.1pl2) ?
* Approx 10% faster compression, 30% faster decompression
* -t (test mode) is a lot quicker
* Can decompress concatenated compressed files
* Programming interface, so programs can directly read/write .bz2 files
* Less restrictive (BSD-style) licensing
* Flag handling more compatible with GNU gzip
* Much more documentation, i.e., a proper user manual
* Hopefully, improved portability (at least of the library)
I hope you find bzip2 useful. Feel free to contact me at
jseward@acm.org
if you have any suggestions or queries. Many people mailed me with
comments, suggestions and patches after the releases of bzip-0.15,
bzip-0.21 and bzip2-0.1pl2, and the changes in bzip2 are largely a
result of this feedback. I thank you for your comments.
At least for the time being, bzip2's "home" is
http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk.
Julian Seward
jseward@acm.org
Manchester, UK
18 July 1996 (version 0.15)
25 August 1996 (version 0.21)
Guildford, Surrey, UK
7 August 1997 (bzip2, version 0.1)
29 August 1997 (bzip2, version 0.1pl2)
23 August 1998 (bzip2, version 0.9.0)

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Block sorting machinery ---*/
/*--- blocksort.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#include "bzlib_private.h"
/*---------------------------------------------*/
/*--
Compare two strings in block. We assume (see
discussion above) that i1 and i2 have a max
offset of 10 on entry, and that the first
bytes of both block and quadrant have been
copied into the "overshoot area", ie
into the subscript range
[nblock .. nblock+NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES-1].
--*/
static __inline__ Bool fullGtU ( UChar* block,
UInt16* quadrant,
UInt32 nblock,
Int32* workDone,
Int32 i1,
Int32 i2
)
{
Int32 k;
UChar c1, c2;
UInt16 s1, s2;
AssertD ( i1 != i2, "fullGtU(1)" );
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
i1++; i2++;
k = nblock;
do {
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
s1 = quadrant[i1];
s2 = quadrant[i2];
if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
s1 = quadrant[i1];
s2 = quadrant[i2];
if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
s1 = quadrant[i1];
s2 = quadrant[i2];
if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
i1++; i2++;
c1 = block[i1];
c2 = block[i2];
if (c1 != c2) return (c1 > c2);
s1 = quadrant[i1];
s2 = quadrant[i2];
if (s1 != s2) return (s1 > s2);
i1++; i2++;
if (i1 >= nblock) i1 -= nblock;
if (i2 >= nblock) i2 -= nblock;
k -= 4;
(*workDone)++;
}
while (k >= 0);
return False;
}
/*---------------------------------------------*/
/*--
Knuth's increments seem to work better
than Incerpi-Sedgewick here. Possibly
because the number of elems to sort is
usually small, typically <= 20.
--*/
static Int32 incs[14] = { 1, 4, 13, 40, 121, 364, 1093, 3280,
9841, 29524, 88573, 265720,
797161, 2391484 };
static void simpleSort ( EState* s, Int32 lo, Int32 hi, Int32 d )
{
Int32 i, j, h, bigN, hp;
Int32 v;
UChar* block = s->block;
UInt32* zptr = s->zptr;
UInt16* quadrant = s->quadrant;
Int32* workDone = &(s->workDone);
Int32 nblock = s->nblock;
Int32 workLimit = s->workLimit;
Bool firstAttempt = s->firstAttempt;
bigN = hi - lo + 1;
if (bigN < 2) return;
hp = 0;
while (incs[hp] < bigN) hp++;
hp--;
for (; hp >= 0; hp--) {
h = incs[hp];
i = lo + h;
while (True) {
/*-- copy 1 --*/
if (i > hi) break;
v = zptr[i];
j = i;
while ( fullGtU ( block, quadrant, nblock, workDone,
zptr[j-h]+d, v+d ) ) {
zptr[j] = zptr[j-h];
j = j - h;
if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) break;
}
zptr[j] = v;
i++;
/*-- copy 2 --*/
if (i > hi) break;
v = zptr[i];
j = i;
while ( fullGtU ( block, quadrant, nblock, workDone,
zptr[j-h]+d, v+d ) ) {
zptr[j] = zptr[j-h];
j = j - h;
if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) break;
}
zptr[j] = v;
i++;
/*-- copy 3 --*/
if (i > hi) break;
v = zptr[i];
j = i;
while ( fullGtU ( block, quadrant, nblock, workDone,
zptr[j-h]+d, v+d ) ) {
zptr[j] = zptr[j-h];
j = j - h;
if (j <= (lo + h - 1)) break;
}
zptr[j] = v;
i++;
if (*workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt) return;
}
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------*/
/*--
The following is an implementation of
an elegant 3-way quicksort for strings,
described in a paper "Fast Algorithms for
Sorting and Searching Strings", by Robert
Sedgewick and Jon L. Bentley.
--*/
#define swap(lv1, lv2) \
{ Int32 tmp = lv1; lv1 = lv2; lv2 = tmp; }
static void vswap ( UInt32* zptr, Int32 p1, Int32 p2, Int32 n )
{
while (n > 0) {
swap(zptr[p1], zptr[p2]);
p1++; p2++; n--;
}
}
static UChar med3 ( UChar a, UChar b, UChar c )
{
UChar t;
if (a > b) { t = a; a = b; b = t; };
if (b > c) { t = b; b = c; c = t; };
if (a > b) b = a;
return b;
}
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b)
typedef
struct { Int32 ll; Int32 hh; Int32 dd; }
StackElem;
#define push(lz,hz,dz) { stack[sp].ll = lz; \
stack[sp].hh = hz; \
stack[sp].dd = dz; \
sp++; }
#define pop(lz,hz,dz) { sp--; \
lz = stack[sp].ll; \
hz = stack[sp].hh; \
dz = stack[sp].dd; }
#define SMALL_THRESH 20
#define DEPTH_THRESH 10
/*--
If you are ever unlucky/improbable enough
to get a stack overflow whilst sorting,
increase the following constant and try
again. In practice I have never seen the
stack go above 27 elems, so the following
limit seems very generous.
--*/
#define QSORT_STACK_SIZE 1000
static void qSort3 ( EState* s, Int32 loSt, Int32 hiSt, Int32 dSt )
{
Int32 unLo, unHi, ltLo, gtHi, med, n, m;
Int32 sp, lo, hi, d;
StackElem stack[QSORT_STACK_SIZE];
UChar* block = s->block;
UInt32* zptr = s->zptr;
Int32* workDone = &(s->workDone);
Int32 workLimit = s->workLimit;
Bool firstAttempt = s->firstAttempt;
sp = 0;
push ( loSt, hiSt, dSt );
while (sp > 0) {
AssertH ( sp < QSORT_STACK_SIZE, 1001 );
pop ( lo, hi, d );
if (hi - lo < SMALL_THRESH || d > DEPTH_THRESH) {
simpleSort ( s, lo, hi, d );
if (*workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt) return;
continue;
}
med = med3 ( block[zptr[ lo ]+d],
block[zptr[ hi ]+d],
block[zptr[ (lo+hi)>>1 ]+d] );
unLo = ltLo = lo;
unHi = gtHi = hi;
while (True) {
while (True) {
if (unLo > unHi) break;
n = ((Int32)block[zptr[unLo]+d]) - med;
if (n == 0) { swap(zptr[unLo], zptr[ltLo]); ltLo++; unLo++; continue; };
if (n > 0) break;
unLo++;
}
while (True) {
if (unLo > unHi) break;
n = ((Int32)block[zptr[unHi]+d]) - med;
if (n == 0) { swap(zptr[unHi], zptr[gtHi]); gtHi--; unHi--; continue; };
if (n < 0) break;
unHi--;
}
if (unLo > unHi) break;
swap(zptr[unLo], zptr[unHi]); unLo++; unHi--;
}
AssertD ( unHi == unLo-1, "bad termination in qSort3" );
if (gtHi < ltLo) {
push(lo, hi, d+1 );
continue;
}
n = min(ltLo-lo, unLo-ltLo); vswap(zptr, lo, unLo-n, n);
m = min(hi-gtHi, gtHi-unHi); vswap(zptr, unLo, hi-m+1, m);
n = lo + unLo - ltLo - 1;
m = hi - (gtHi - unHi) + 1;
push ( lo, n, d );
push ( n+1, m-1, d+1 );
push ( m, hi, d );
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------*/
#define BIGFREQ(b) (ftab[((b)+1) << 8] - ftab[(b) << 8])
#define SETMASK (1 << 21)
#define CLEARMASK (~(SETMASK))
static void sortMain ( EState* s )
{
Int32 i, j, k, ss, sb;
Int32 runningOrder[256];
Int32 copy[256];
Bool bigDone[256];
UChar c1, c2;
Int32 numQSorted;
UChar* block = s->block;
UInt32* zptr = s->zptr;
UInt16* quadrant = s->quadrant;
Int32* ftab = s->ftab;
Int32* workDone = &(s->workDone);
Int32 nblock = s->nblock;
Int32 workLimit = s->workLimit;
Bool firstAttempt = s->firstAttempt;
/*--
In the various block-sized structures, live data runs
from 0 to last+NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES inclusive. First,
set up the overshoot area for block.
--*/
if (s->verbosity >= 4)
VPrintf0( " sort initialise ...\n" );
for (i = 0; i < BZ_NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++)
block[nblock+i] = block[i % nblock];
for (i = 0; i < nblock+BZ_NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES; i++)
quadrant[i] = 0;
if (nblock <= 4000) {
/*--
Use simpleSort(), since the full sorting mechanism
has quite a large constant overhead.
--*/
if (s->verbosity >= 4) VPrintf0( " simpleSort ...\n" );
for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) zptr[i] = i;
firstAttempt = False;
*workDone = workLimit = 0;
simpleSort ( s, 0, nblock-1, 0 );
if (s->verbosity >= 4) VPrintf0( " simpleSort done.\n" );
} else {
numQSorted = 0;
for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) bigDone[i] = False;
if (s->verbosity >= 4) VPrintf0( " bucket sorting ...\n" );
for (i = 0; i <= 65536; i++) ftab[i] = 0;
c1 = block[nblock-1];
for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) {
c2 = block[i];
ftab[(c1 << 8) + c2]++;
c1 = c2;
}
for (i = 1; i <= 65536; i++) ftab[i] += ftab[i-1];
c1 = block[0];
for (i = 0; i < nblock-1; i++) {
c2 = block[i+1];
j = (c1 << 8) + c2;
c1 = c2;
ftab[j]--;
zptr[ftab[j]] = i;
}
j = (block[nblock-1] << 8) + block[0];
ftab[j]--;
zptr[ftab[j]] = nblock-1;
/*--
Now ftab contains the first loc of every small bucket.
Calculate the running order, from smallest to largest
big bucket.
--*/
for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) runningOrder[i] = i;
{
Int32 vv;
Int32 h = 1;
do h = 3 * h + 1; while (h <= 256);
do {
h = h / 3;
for (i = h; i <= 255; i++) {
vv = runningOrder[i];
j = i;
while ( BIGFREQ(runningOrder[j-h]) > BIGFREQ(vv) ) {
runningOrder[j] = runningOrder[j-h];
j = j - h;
if (j <= (h - 1)) goto zero;
}
zero:
runningOrder[j] = vv;
}
} while (h != 1);
}
/*--
The main sorting loop.
--*/
for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
/*--
Process big buckets, starting with the least full.
Basically this is a 4-step process in which we call
qSort3 to sort the small buckets [ss, j], but
also make a big effort to avoid the calls if we can.
--*/
ss = runningOrder[i];
/*--
Step 1:
Complete the big bucket [ss] by quicksorting
any unsorted small buckets [ss, j], for j != ss.
Hopefully previous pointer-scanning phases have already
completed many of the small buckets [ss, j], so
we don't have to sort them at all.
--*/
for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++) {
if (j != ss) {
sb = (ss << 8) + j;
if ( ! (ftab[sb] & SETMASK) ) {
Int32 lo = ftab[sb] & CLEARMASK;
Int32 hi = (ftab[sb+1] & CLEARMASK) - 1;
if (hi > lo) {
if (s->verbosity >= 4)
VPrintf4( " qsort [0x%x, 0x%x] done %d this %d\n",
ss, j, numQSorted, hi - lo + 1 );
qSort3 ( s, lo, hi, 2 );
numQSorted += ( hi - lo + 1 );
if (*workDone > workLimit && firstAttempt) return;
}
}
ftab[sb] |= SETMASK;
}
}
/*--
Step 2:
Deal specially with case [ss, ss]. This establishes the
sorted order for [ss, ss] without any comparisons.
A clever trick, cryptically described as steps Q6b and Q6c
in SRC-124 (aka BW94). This makes it entirely practical to
not use a preliminary run-length coder, but unfortunately
we are now stuck with the .bz2 file format.
--*/
{
Int32 put0, get0, put1, get1;
Int32 sbn = (ss << 8) + ss;
Int32 lo = ftab[sbn] & CLEARMASK;
Int32 hi = (ftab[sbn+1] & CLEARMASK) - 1;
UChar ssc = (UChar)ss;
put0 = lo;
get0 = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK;
put1 = hi;
get1 = (ftab[(ss+1) << 8] & CLEARMASK) - 1;
while (get0 < put0) {
j = zptr[get0]-1; if (j < 0) j += nblock;
c1 = block[j];
if (c1 == ssc) { zptr[put0] = j; put0++; };
get0++;
}
while (get1 > put1) {
j = zptr[get1]-1; if (j < 0) j += nblock;
c1 = block[j];
if (c1 == ssc) { zptr[put1] = j; put1--; };
get1--;
}
ftab[sbn] |= SETMASK;
}
/*--
Step 3:
The [ss] big bucket is now done. Record this fact,
and update the quadrant descriptors. Remember to
update quadrants in the overshoot area too, if
necessary. The "if (i < 255)" test merely skips
this updating for the last bucket processed, since
updating for the last bucket is pointless.
The quadrant array provides a way to incrementally
cache sort orderings, as they appear, so as to
make subsequent comparisons in fullGtU() complete
faster. For repetitive blocks this makes a big
difference (but not big enough to be able to avoid
randomisation for very repetitive data.)
The precise meaning is: at all times:
for 0 <= i < nblock and 0 <= j <= nblock
if block[i] != block[j],
then the relative values of quadrant[i] and
quadrant[j] are meaningless.
else {
if quadrant[i] < quadrant[j]
then the string starting at i lexicographically
precedes the string starting at j
else if quadrant[i] > quadrant[j]
then the string starting at j lexicographically
precedes the string starting at i
else
the relative ordering of the strings starting
at i and j has not yet been determined.
}
--*/
bigDone[ss] = True;
if (i < 255) {
Int32 bbStart = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK;
Int32 bbSize = (ftab[(ss+1) << 8] & CLEARMASK) - bbStart;
Int32 shifts = 0;
while ((bbSize >> shifts) > 65534) shifts++;
for (j = 0; j < bbSize; j++) {
Int32 a2update = zptr[bbStart + j];
UInt16 qVal = (UInt16)(j >> shifts);
quadrant[a2update] = qVal;
if (a2update < BZ_NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES)
quadrant[a2update + nblock] = qVal;
}
AssertH ( ( ((bbSize-1) >> shifts) <= 65535 ), 1002 );
}
/*--
Step 4:
Now scan this big bucket [ss] so as to synthesise the
sorted order for small buckets [t, ss] for all t != ss.
This will avoid doing Real Work in subsequent Step 1's.
--*/
for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++)
copy[j] = ftab[(j << 8) + ss] & CLEARMASK;
for (j = ftab[ss << 8] & CLEARMASK;
j < (ftab[(ss+1) << 8] & CLEARMASK);
j++) {
k = zptr[j]-1; if (k < 0) k += nblock;
c1 = block[k];
if ( ! bigDone[c1] ) {
zptr[copy[c1]] = k;
copy[c1] ++;
}
}
for (j = 0; j <= 255; j++) ftab[(j << 8) + ss] |= SETMASK;
}
if (s->verbosity >= 4)
VPrintf3( " %d pointers, %d sorted, %d scanned\n",
nblock, numQSorted, nblock - numQSorted );
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------*/
static void randomiseBlock ( EState* s )
{
Int32 i;
BZ_RAND_INIT_MASK;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) s->inUse[i] = False;
for (i = 0; i < s->nblock; i++) {
BZ_RAND_UPD_MASK;
s->block[i] ^= BZ_RAND_MASK;
s->inUse[s->block[i]] = True;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------*/
void blockSort ( EState* s )
{
Int32 i;
s->workLimit = s->workFactor * (s->nblock - 1);
s->workDone = 0;
s->blockRandomised = False;
s->firstAttempt = True;
sortMain ( s );
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf3( " %d work, %d block, ratio %5.2f\n",
s->workDone, s->nblock-1,
(float)(s->workDone) / (float)(s->nblock-1) );
if (s->workDone > s->workLimit && s->firstAttempt) {
if (s->verbosity >= 2)
VPrintf0( " sorting aborted; randomising block\n" );
randomiseBlock ( s );
s->workLimit = s->workDone = 0;
s->blockRandomised = True;
s->firstAttempt = False;
sortMain ( s );
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf3( " %d work, %d block, ratio %f\n",
s->workDone, s->nblock-1,
(float)(s->workDone) / (float)(s->nblock-1) );
}
s->origPtr = -1;
for (i = 0; i < s->nblock; i++)
if (s->zptr[i] == 0)
{ s->origPtr = i; break; };
AssertH( s->origPtr != -1, 1003 );
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end blocksort.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

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bzip2(1) bzip2(1)
NAME
bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor, v0.9.0
bzcat - decompresses files to stdout
bzip2recover - recovers data from damaged bzip2 files
SYNOPSIS
bzip2 [ -cdfkstvzVL123456789 ] [ filenames ... ]
bunzip2 [ -fkvsVL ] [ filenames ... ]
bzcat [ -s ] [ filenames ... ]
bzip2recover filename
DESCRIPTION
bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block-
sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.
Compression is generally considerably better than that
achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based compressors,
and approaches the performance of the PPM family of sta-
tistical compressors.
The command-line options are deliberately very similar to
those of GNU Gzip, but they are not identical.
bzip2 expects a list of file names to accompany the com-
mand-line flags. Each file is replaced by a compressed
version of itself, with the name "original_name.bz2".
Each compressed file has the same modification date and
permissions as the corresponding original, so that these
properties can be correctly restored at decompression
time. File name handling is naive in the sense that there
is no mechanism for preserving original file names, per-
missions and dates in filesystems which lack these con-
cepts, or have serious file name length restrictions, such
as MS-DOS.
bzip2 and bunzip2 will by default not overwrite existing
files; if you want this to happen, specify the -f flag.
If no file names are specified, bzip2 compresses from
standard input to standard output. In this case, bzip2
will decline to write compressed output to a terminal, as
this would be entirely incomprehensible and therefore
pointless.
bunzip2 (or bzip2 -d ) decompresses and restores all spec-
ified files whose names end in ".bz2". Files without this
suffix are ignored. Again, supplying no filenames causes
decompression from standard input to standard output.
bunzip2 will correctly decompress a file which is the con-
catenation of two or more compressed files. The result is
the concatenation of the corresponding uncompressed files.
Integrity testing (-t) of concatenated compressed files is
also supported.
You can also compress or decompress files to the standard
output by giving the -c flag. Multiple files may be com-
pressed and decompressed like this. The resulting outputs
are fed sequentially to stdout. Compression of multiple
files in this manner generates a stream containing multi-
ple compressed file representations. Such a stream can be
decompressed correctly only by bzip2 version 0.9.0 or
later. Earlier versions of bzip2 will stop after decom-
pressing the first file in the stream.
bzcat (or bzip2 -dc ) decompresses all specified files to
the standard output.
Compression is always performed, even if the compressed
file is slightly larger than the original. Files of less
than about one hundred bytes tend to get larger, since the
compression mechanism has a constant overhead in the
region of 50 bytes. Random data (including the output of
most file compressors) is coded at about 8.05 bits per
byte, giving an expansion of around 0.5%.
As a self-check for your protection, bzip2 uses 32-bit
CRCs to make sure that the decompressed version of a file
is identical to the original. This guards against corrup-
tion of the compressed data, and against undetected bugs
in bzip2 (hopefully very unlikely). The chances of data
corruption going undetected is microscopic, about one
chance in four billion for each file processed. Be aware,
though, that the check occurs upon decompression, so it
can only tell you that that something is wrong. It can't
help you recover the original uncompressed data. You can
use bzip2recover to try to recover data from damaged
files.
Return values: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental
problems (file not found, invalid flags, I/O errors, &c),
2 to indicate a corrupt compressed file, 3 for an internal
consistency error (eg, bug) which caused bzip2 to panic.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Bzip2 compresses large files in blocks. The block size
affects both the compression ratio achieved, and the
amount of memory needed both for compression and decom-
pression. The flags -1 through -9 specify the block size
to be 100,000 bytes through 900,000 bytes (the default)
respectively. At decompression-time, the block size used
for compression is read from the header of the compressed
file, and bunzip2 then allocates itself just enough memory
to decompress the file. Since block sizes are stored in
compressed files, it follows that the flags -1 to -9 are
irrelevant to and so ignored during decompression.
Compression and decompression requirements, in bytes, can
be estimated as:
Compression: 400k + ( 7 x block size )
Decompression: 100k + ( 4 x block size ), or
100k + ( 2.5 x block size )
Larger block sizes give rapidly diminishing marginal
returns; most of the compression comes from the first two
or three hundred k of block size, a fact worth bearing in
mind when using bzip2 on small machines. It is also
important to appreciate that the decompression memory
requirement is set at compression-time by the choice of
block size.
For files compressed with the default 900k block size,
bunzip2 will require about 3700 kbytes to decompress. To
support decompression of any file on a 4 megabyte machine,
bunzip2 has an option to decompress using approximately
half this amount of memory, about 2300 kbytes. Decompres-
sion speed is also halved, so you should use this option
only where necessary. The relevant flag is -s.
In general, try and use the largest block size memory con-
straints allow, since that maximises the compression
achieved. Compression and decompression speed are virtu-
ally unaffected by block size.
Another significant point applies to files which fit in a
single block -- that means most files you'd encounter
using a large block size. The amount of real memory
touched is proportional to the size of the file, since the
file is smaller than a block. For example, compressing a
file 20,000 bytes long with the flag -9 will cause the
compressor to allocate around 6700k of memory, but only
touch 400k + 20000 * 7 = 540 kbytes of it. Similarly, the
decompressor will allocate 3700k but only touch 100k +
20000 * 4 = 180 kbytes.
Here is a table which summarises the maximum memory usage
for different block sizes. Also recorded is the total
compressed size for 14 files of the Calgary Text Compres-
sion Corpus totalling 3,141,622 bytes. This column gives
some feel for how compression varies with block size.
These figures tend to understate the advantage of larger
block sizes for larger files, since the Corpus is domi-
nated by smaller files.
Compress Decompress Decompress Corpus
Flag usage usage -s usage Size
-1 1100k 500k 350k 914704
-2 1800k 900k 600k 877703
-3 2500k 1300k 850k 860338
-4 3200k 1700k 1100k 846899
-5 3900k 2100k 1350k 845160
-6 4600k 2500k 1600k 838626
-7 5400k 2900k 1850k 834096
-8 6000k 3300k 2100k 828642
-9 6700k 3700k 2350k 828642
OPTIONS
-c --stdout
Compress or decompress to standard output. -c will
decompress multiple files to stdout, but will only
compress a single file to stdout.
-d --decompress
Force decompression. bzip2, bunzip2 and bzcat are
really the same program, and the decision about
what actions to take is done on the basis of which
name is used. This flag overrides that mechanism,
and forces bzip2 to decompress.
-z --compress
The complement to -d: forces compression, regard-
less of the invokation name.
-t --test
Check integrity of the specified file(s), but don't
decompress them. This really performs a trial
decompression and throws away the result.
-f --force
Force overwrite of output files. Normally, bzip2
will not overwrite existing output files.
-k --keep
Keep (don't delete) input files during compression
or decompression.
-s --small
Reduce memory usage, for compression, decompression
and testing. Files are decompressed and tested
using a modified algorithm which only requires 2.5
bytes per block byte. This means any file can be
decompressed in 2300k of memory, albeit at about
half the normal speed.
During compression, -s selects a block size of
200k, which limits memory use to around the same
figure, at the expense of your compression ratio.
In short, if your machine is low on memory (8
megabytes or less), use -s for everything. See
MEMORY MANAGEMENT above.
-v --verbose
Verbose mode -- show the compression ratio for each
file processed. Further -v's increase the ver-
bosity level, spewing out lots of information which
is primarily of interest for diagnostic purposes.
-L --license -V --version
Display the software version, license terms and
conditions.
-1 to -9
Set the block size to 100 k, 200 k .. 900 k when
compressing. Has no effect when decompressing.
See MEMORY MANAGEMENT above.
--repetitive-fast
bzip2 injects some small pseudo-random variations
into very repetitive blocks to limit worst-case
performance during compression. If sorting runs
into difficulties, the block is randomised, and
sorting is restarted. Very roughly, bzip2 persists
for three times as long as a well-behaved input
would take before resorting to randomisation. This
flag makes it give up much sooner.
--repetitive-best
Opposite of --repetitive-fast; try a lot harder
before resorting to randomisation.
RECOVERING DATA FROM DAMAGED FILES
bzip2 compresses files in blocks, usually 900kbytes long.
Each block is handled independently. If a media or trans-
mission error causes a multi-block .bz2 file to become
damaged, it may be possible to recover data from the
undamaged blocks in the file.
The compressed representation of each block is delimited
by a 48-bit pattern, which makes it possible to find the
block boundaries with reasonable certainty. Each block
also carries its own 32-bit CRC, so damaged blocks can be
distinguished from undamaged ones.
bzip2recover is a simple program whose purpose is to
search for blocks in .bz2 files, and write each block out
into its own .bz2 file. You can then use bzip2 -t to test
the integrity of the resulting files, and decompress those
which are undamaged.
bzip2recover takes a single argument, the name of the dam-
aged file, and writes a number of files "rec0001file.bz2",
"rec0002file.bz2", etc, containing the extracted blocks.
The output filenames are designed so that the use of
wildcards in subsequent processing -- for example, "bzip2
-dc rec*file.bz2 > recovered_data" -- lists the files in
the "right" order.
bzip2recover should be of most use dealing with large .bz2
files, as these will contain many blocks. It is clearly
futile to use it on damaged single-block files, since a
damaged block cannot be recovered. If you wish to min-
imise any potential data loss through media or transmis-
sion errors, you might consider compressing with a smaller
block size.
PERFORMANCE NOTES
The sorting phase of compression gathers together similar
strings in the file. Because of this, files containing
very long runs of repeated symbols, like "aabaabaabaab
..." (repeated several hundred times) may compress
extraordinarily slowly. You can use the -vvvvv option to
monitor progress in great detail, if you want. Decompres-
sion speed is unaffected.
Such pathological cases seem rare in practice, appearing
mostly in artificially-constructed test files, and in low-
level disk images. It may be inadvisable to use bzip2 to
compress the latter. If you do get a file which causes
severe slowness in compression, try making the block size
as small as possible, with flag -1.
bzip2 usually allocates several megabytes of memory to
operate in, and then charges all over it in a fairly ran-
dom fashion. This means that performance, both for com-
pressing and decompressing, is largely determined by the
speed at which your machine can service cache misses.
Because of this, small changes to the code to reduce the
miss rate have been observed to give disproportionately
large performance improvements. I imagine bzip2 will per-
form best on machines with very large caches.
CAVEATS
I/O error messages are not as helpful as they could be.
Bzip2 tries hard to detect I/O errors and exit cleanly,
but the details of what the problem is sometimes seem
rather misleading.
This manual page pertains to version 0.9.0 of bzip2. Com-
pressed data created by this version is entirely forwards
and backwards compatible with the previous public release,
version 0.1pl2, but with the following exception: 0.9.0
can correctly decompress multiple concatenated compressed
files. 0.1pl2 cannot do this; it will stop after decom-
pressing just the first file in the stream.
Wildcard expansion for Windows 95 and NT is flaky.
bzip2recover uses 32-bit integers to represent bit posi-
tions in compressed files, so it cannot handle compressed
files more than 512 megabytes long. This could easily be
fixed.
AUTHOR
Julian Seward, jseward@acm.org.
http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk
The ideas embodied in bzip2 are due to (at least) the fol-
lowing people: Michael Burrows and David Wheeler (for the
block sorting transformation), David Wheeler (again, for
the Huffman coder), Peter Fenwick (for the structured cod-
ing model in the original bzip, and many refinements), and
Alistair Moffat, Radford Neal and Ian Witten (for the
arithmetic coder in the original bzip). I am much
indebted for their help, support and advice. See the man-
ual in the source distribution for pointers to sources of
documentation. Christian von Roques encouraged me to look
for faster sorting algorithms, so as to speed up compres-
sion. Bela Lubkin encouraged me to improve the worst-case
compression performance. Many people sent patches, helped
with portability problems, lent machines, gave advice and
were generally helpful.

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Public header file for the library. ---*/
/*--- bzlib.h ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#ifndef _BZLIB_H
#define _BZLIB_H
#define BZ_RUN 0
#define BZ_FLUSH 1
#define BZ_FINISH 2
#define BZ_OK 0
#define BZ_RUN_OK 1
#define BZ_FLUSH_OK 2
#define BZ_FINISH_OK 3
#define BZ_STREAM_END 4
#define BZ_SEQUENCE_ERROR (-1)
#define BZ_PARAM_ERROR (-2)
#define BZ_MEM_ERROR (-3)
#define BZ_DATA_ERROR (-4)
#define BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC (-5)
#define BZ_IO_ERROR (-6)
#define BZ_UNEXPECTED_EOF (-7)
#define BZ_OUTBUFF_FULL (-8)
typedef
struct {
char *next_in;
unsigned int avail_in;
unsigned int total_in;
char *next_out;
unsigned int avail_out;
unsigned int total_out;
void *state;
void *(*bzalloc)(void *,int,int);
void (*bzfree)(void *,void *);
void *opaque;
}
bz_stream;
#ifndef BZ_IMPORT
#define BZ_EXPORT
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
# include <stdio.h>
# include <windows.h>
# ifdef small
/* windows.h define small to char */
# undef small
# endif
# ifdef BZ_EXPORT
# define BZ_API(func) WINAPI func
# define BZ_EXTERN extern
# else
/* import windows dll dynamically */
# define BZ_API(func) (WINAPI * func)
# define BZ_EXTERN
# endif
#else
# define BZ_API(func) func
# define BZ_EXTERN extern
#endif
/*-- Core (low-level) library functions --*/
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzCompressInit) (
bz_stream* strm,
int blockSize100k,
int verbosity,
int workFactor
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzCompress) (
bz_stream* strm,
int action
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzCompressEnd) (
bz_stream* strm
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzDecompressInit) (
bz_stream *strm,
int verbosity,
int small
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzDecompress) (
bz_stream* strm
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzDecompressEnd) (
bz_stream *strm
);
/*-- High(er) level library functions --*/
#ifndef BZ_NO_STDIO
#define BZ_MAX_UNUSED 5000
typedef void BZFILE;
BZ_EXTERN BZFILE* BZ_API(bzReadOpen) (
int* bzerror,
FILE* f,
int verbosity,
int small,
void* unused,
int nUnused
);
BZ_EXTERN void BZ_API(bzReadClose) (
int* bzerror,
BZFILE* b
);
BZ_EXTERN void BZ_API(bzReadGetUnused) (
int* bzerror,
BZFILE* b,
void** unused,
int* nUnused
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzRead) (
int* bzerror,
BZFILE* b,
void* buf,
int len
);
BZ_EXTERN BZFILE* BZ_API(bzWriteOpen) (
int* bzerror,
FILE* f,
int blockSize100k,
int verbosity,
int workFactor
);
BZ_EXTERN void BZ_API(bzWrite) (
int* bzerror,
BZFILE* b,
void* buf,
int len
);
BZ_EXTERN void BZ_API(bzWriteClose) (
int* bzerror,
BZFILE* b,
int abandon,
unsigned int* nbytes_in,
unsigned int* nbytes_out
);
#endif
/*-- Utility functions --*/
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzBuffToBuffCompress) (
char* dest,
unsigned int* destLen,
char* source,
unsigned int sourceLen,
int blockSize100k,
int verbosity,
int workFactor
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzBuffToBuffDecompress) (
char* dest,
unsigned int* destLen,
char* source,
unsigned int sourceLen,
int small,
int verbosity
);
/*--
Code contributed by Yoshioka Tsuneo
(QWF00133@niftyserve.or.jp/tsuneo-y@is.aist-nara.ac.jp),
to support better zlib compatibility.
This code is not _officially_ part of libbzip2 (yet);
I haven't tested it, documented it, or considered the
threading-safeness of it.
If this code breaks, please contact both Yoshioka and me.
--*/
BZ_EXTERN const char * BZ_API(bzlibVersion) (
void
);
#ifndef BZ_NO_STDIO
BZ_EXTERN BZFILE * BZ_API(bzopen) (
const char *path,
const char *mode
);
BZ_EXTERN BZFILE * BZ_API(bzdopen) (
int fd,
const char *mode
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzread) (
BZFILE* b,
void* buf,
int len
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzwrite) (
BZFILE* b,
void* buf,
int len
);
BZ_EXTERN int BZ_API(bzflush) (
BZFILE* b
);
BZ_EXTERN void BZ_API(bzclose) (
BZFILE* b
);
BZ_EXTERN const char * BZ_API(bzerror) (
BZFILE *b,
int *errnum
);
#endif
#endif
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end bzlib.h ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Private header file for the library. ---*/
/*--- bzlib_private.h ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#ifndef _BZLIB_PRIVATE_H
#define _BZLIB_PRIVATE_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifndef BZ_NO_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#endif
#include "bzlib.h"
/*-- General stuff. --*/
#define BZ_VERSION "0.9.0"
typedef char Char;
typedef unsigned char Bool;
typedef unsigned char UChar;
typedef int Int32;
typedef unsigned int UInt32;
typedef short Int16;
typedef unsigned short UInt16;
#define True ((Bool)1)
#define False ((Bool)0)
#ifdef _WIN32
#define __inline__ __inline
#endif
#ifndef BZ_NO_STDIO
extern void bz__AssertH__fail ( int errcode );
#define AssertH(cond,errcode) \
{ if (!(cond)) bz__AssertH__fail ( errcode ); }
#if BZ_DEBUG
#define AssertD(cond,msg) \
{ if (!(cond)) { \
fprintf ( stderr, \
"\n\nlibbzip2(debug build): internal error\n\t%s\n", msg );\
exit(1); \
}}
#else
#define AssertD(cond,msg) /* */
#endif
#define VPrintf0(zf) \
fprintf(stderr,zf)
#define VPrintf1(zf,za1) \
fprintf(stderr,zf,za1)
#define VPrintf2(zf,za1,za2) \
fprintf(stderr,zf,za1,za2)
#define VPrintf3(zf,za1,za2,za3) \
fprintf(stderr,zf,za1,za2,za3)
#define VPrintf4(zf,za1,za2,za3,za4) \
fprintf(stderr,zf,za1,za2,za3,za4)
#define VPrintf5(zf,za1,za2,za3,za4,za5) \
fprintf(stderr,zf,za1,za2,za3,za4,za5)
#else
extern void bz_internal_error ( int errcode );
#define AssertH(cond,errcode) \
{ if (!(cond)) bz_internal_error ( errcode ); }
#define AssertD(cond,msg) /* */
#define VPrintf0(zf) /* */
#define VPrintf1(zf,za1) /* */
#define VPrintf2(zf,za1,za2) /* */
#define VPrintf3(zf,za1,za2,za3) /* */
#define VPrintf4(zf,za1,za2,za3,za4) /* */
#define VPrintf5(zf,za1,za2,za3,za4,za5) /* */
#endif
#define BZALLOC(nnn) (strm->bzalloc)(strm->opaque,(nnn),1)
#define BZFREE(ppp) (strm->bzfree)(strm->opaque,(ppp))
/*-- Constants for the back end. --*/
#define BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE 258
#define BZ_MAX_CODE_LEN 23
#define BZ_RUNA 0
#define BZ_RUNB 1
#define BZ_N_GROUPS 6
#define BZ_G_SIZE 50
#define BZ_N_ITERS 4
#define BZ_MAX_SELECTORS (2 + (900000 / BZ_G_SIZE))
/*-- Stuff for randomising repetitive blocks. --*/
extern Int32 rNums[512];
#define BZ_RAND_DECLS \
Int32 rNToGo; \
Int32 rTPos \
#define BZ_RAND_INIT_MASK \
s->rNToGo = 0; \
s->rTPos = 0 \
#define BZ_RAND_MASK ((s->rNToGo == 1) ? 1 : 0)
#define BZ_RAND_UPD_MASK \
if (s->rNToGo == 0) { \
s->rNToGo = rNums[s->rTPos]; \
s->rTPos++; \
if (s->rTPos == 512) s->rTPos = 0; \
} \
s->rNToGo--;
/*-- Stuff for doing CRCs. --*/
extern UInt32 crc32Table[256];
#define BZ_INITIALISE_CRC(crcVar) \
{ \
crcVar = 0xffffffffL; \
}
#define BZ_FINALISE_CRC(crcVar) \
{ \
crcVar = ~(crcVar); \
}
#define BZ_UPDATE_CRC(crcVar,cha) \
{ \
crcVar = (crcVar << 8) ^ \
crc32Table[(crcVar >> 24) ^ \
((UChar)cha)]; \
}
/*-- States and modes for compression. --*/
#define BZ_M_IDLE 1
#define BZ_M_RUNNING 2
#define BZ_M_FLUSHING 3
#define BZ_M_FINISHING 4
#define BZ_S_OUTPUT 1
#define BZ_S_INPUT 2
#define BZ_NUM_OVERSHOOT_BYTES 20
/*-- Structure holding all the compression-side stuff. --*/
typedef
struct {
/* pointer back to the struct bz_stream */
bz_stream* strm;
/* mode this stream is in, and whether inputting */
/* or outputting data */
Int32 mode;
Int32 state;
/* remembers avail_in when flush/finish requested */
UInt32 avail_in_expect;
/* for doing the block sorting */
UChar* block;
UInt16* quadrant;
UInt32* zptr;
UInt16* szptr;
Int32* ftab;
Int32 workDone;
Int32 workLimit;
Int32 workFactor;
Bool firstAttempt;
Bool blockRandomised;
Int32 origPtr;
/* run-length-encoding of the input */
UInt32 state_in_ch;
Int32 state_in_len;
BZ_RAND_DECLS;
/* input and output limits and current posns */
Int32 nblock;
Int32 nblockMAX;
Int32 numZ;
Int32 state_out_pos;
/* map of bytes used in block */
Int32 nInUse;
Bool inUse[256];
UChar unseqToSeq[256];
/* the buffer for bit stream creation */
UInt32 bsBuff;
Int32 bsLive;
/* block and combined CRCs */
UInt32 blockCRC;
UInt32 combinedCRC;
/* misc administratium */
Int32 verbosity;
Int32 blockNo;
Int32 nBlocksRandomised;
Int32 blockSize100k;
/* stuff for coding the MTF values */
Int32 nMTF;
Int32 mtfFreq [BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
UChar selector [BZ_MAX_SELECTORS];
UChar selectorMtf[BZ_MAX_SELECTORS];
UChar len [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 code [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 rfreq[BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
}
EState;
/*-- externs for compression. --*/
extern void
blockSort ( EState* );
extern void
compressBlock ( EState*, Bool );
extern void
bsInitWrite ( EState* );
extern void
hbAssignCodes ( Int32*, UChar*, Int32, Int32, Int32 );
extern void
hbMakeCodeLengths ( UChar*, Int32*, Int32, Int32 );
/*-- states for decompression. --*/
#define BZ_X_IDLE 1
#define BZ_X_OUTPUT 2
#define BZ_X_MAGIC_1 10
#define BZ_X_MAGIC_2 11
#define BZ_X_MAGIC_3 12
#define BZ_X_MAGIC_4 13
#define BZ_X_BLKHDR_1 14
#define BZ_X_BLKHDR_2 15
#define BZ_X_BLKHDR_3 16
#define BZ_X_BLKHDR_4 17
#define BZ_X_BLKHDR_5 18
#define BZ_X_BLKHDR_6 19
#define BZ_X_BCRC_1 20
#define BZ_X_BCRC_2 21
#define BZ_X_BCRC_3 22
#define BZ_X_BCRC_4 23
#define BZ_X_RANDBIT 24
#define BZ_X_ORIGPTR_1 25
#define BZ_X_ORIGPTR_2 26
#define BZ_X_ORIGPTR_3 27
#define BZ_X_MAPPING_1 28
#define BZ_X_MAPPING_2 29
#define BZ_X_SELECTOR_1 30
#define BZ_X_SELECTOR_2 31
#define BZ_X_SELECTOR_3 32
#define BZ_X_CODING_1 33
#define BZ_X_CODING_2 34
#define BZ_X_CODING_3 35
#define BZ_X_MTF_1 36
#define BZ_X_MTF_2 37
#define BZ_X_MTF_3 38
#define BZ_X_MTF_4 39
#define BZ_X_MTF_5 40
#define BZ_X_MTF_6 41
#define BZ_X_ENDHDR_2 42
#define BZ_X_ENDHDR_3 43
#define BZ_X_ENDHDR_4 44
#define BZ_X_ENDHDR_5 45
#define BZ_X_ENDHDR_6 46
#define BZ_X_CCRC_1 47
#define BZ_X_CCRC_2 48
#define BZ_X_CCRC_3 49
#define BZ_X_CCRC_4 50
/*-- Constants for the fast MTF decoder. --*/
#define MTFA_SIZE 4096
#define MTFL_SIZE 16
/*-- Structure holding all the decompression-side stuff. --*/
typedef
struct {
/* pointer back to the struct bz_stream */
bz_stream* strm;
/* state indicator for this stream */
Int32 state;
/* for doing the final run-length decoding */
UChar state_out_ch;
Int32 state_out_len;
Bool blockRandomised;
BZ_RAND_DECLS;
/* the buffer for bit stream reading */
UInt32 bsBuff;
Int32 bsLive;
/* misc administratium */
Int32 blockSize100k;
Bool smallDecompress;
Int32 currBlockNo;
Int32 verbosity;
/* for undoing the Burrows-Wheeler transform */
Int32 origPtr;
UInt32 tPos;
Int32 k0;
Int32 unzftab[256];
Int32 nblock_used;
Int32 cftab[257];
Int32 cftabCopy[257];
/* for undoing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (FAST) */
UInt32 *tt;
/* for undoing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (SMALL) */
UInt16 *ll16;
UChar *ll4;
/* stored and calculated CRCs */
UInt32 storedBlockCRC;
UInt32 storedCombinedCRC;
UInt32 calculatedBlockCRC;
UInt32 calculatedCombinedCRC;
/* map of bytes used in block */
Int32 nInUse;
Bool inUse[256];
Bool inUse16[16];
UChar seqToUnseq[256];
/* for decoding the MTF values */
UChar mtfa [MTFA_SIZE];
Int32 mtfbase[256 / MTFL_SIZE];
UChar selector [BZ_MAX_SELECTORS];
UChar selectorMtf[BZ_MAX_SELECTORS];
UChar len [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 limit [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 base [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 perm [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 minLens[BZ_N_GROUPS];
/* save area for scalars in the main decompress code */
Int32 save_i;
Int32 save_j;
Int32 save_t;
Int32 save_alphaSize;
Int32 save_nGroups;
Int32 save_nSelectors;
Int32 save_EOB;
Int32 save_groupNo;
Int32 save_groupPos;
Int32 save_nextSym;
Int32 save_nblockMAX;
Int32 save_nblock;
Int32 save_es;
Int32 save_N;
Int32 save_curr;
Int32 save_zt;
Int32 save_zn;
Int32 save_zvec;
Int32 save_zj;
Int32 save_gSel;
Int32 save_gMinlen;
Int32* save_gLimit;
Int32* save_gBase;
Int32* save_gPerm;
}
DState;
/*-- Macros for decompression. --*/
#define BZ_GET_FAST(cccc) \
s->tPos = s->tt[s->tPos]; \
cccc = (UChar)(s->tPos & 0xff); \
s->tPos >>= 8;
#define BZ_GET_FAST_C(cccc) \
c_tPos = c_tt[c_tPos]; \
cccc = (UChar)(c_tPos & 0xff); \
c_tPos >>= 8;
#define SET_LL4(i,n) \
{ if (((i) & 0x1) == 0) \
s->ll4[(i) >> 1] = (s->ll4[(i) >> 1] & 0xf0) | (n); else \
s->ll4[(i) >> 1] = (s->ll4[(i) >> 1] & 0x0f) | ((n) << 4); \
}
#define GET_LL4(i) \
(((UInt32)(s->ll4[(i) >> 1])) >> (((i) << 2) & 0x4) & 0xF)
#define SET_LL(i,n) \
{ s->ll16[i] = (UInt16)(n & 0x0000ffff); \
SET_LL4(i, n >> 16); \
}
#define GET_LL(i) \
(((UInt32)s->ll16[i]) | (GET_LL4(i) << 16))
#define BZ_GET_SMALL(cccc) \
cccc = indexIntoF ( s->tPos, s->cftab ); \
s->tPos = GET_LL(s->tPos);
/*-- externs for decompression. --*/
extern Int32
indexIntoF ( Int32, Int32* );
extern Int32
decompress ( DState* );
extern void
hbCreateDecodeTables ( Int32*, Int32*, Int32*, UChar*,
Int32, Int32, Int32 );
#endif
/*-- BZ_NO_STDIO seems to make NULL disappear on some platforms. --*/
#ifdef BZ_NO_STDIO
#ifndef NULL
#define NULL 0
#endif
#endif
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end bzlib_private.h ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Compression machinery (not incl block sorting) ---*/
/*--- compress.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#include "bzlib_private.h"
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Bit stream I/O ---*/
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
void bsInitWrite ( EState* s )
{
s->bsLive = 0;
s->bsBuff = 0;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void bsFinishWrite ( EState* s )
{
while (s->bsLive > 0) {
((UChar*)(s->quadrant))[s->numZ] = (UChar)(s->bsBuff >> 24);
s->numZ++;
s->bsBuff <<= 8;
s->bsLive -= 8;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
#define bsNEEDW(nz) \
{ \
while (s->bsLive >= 8) { \
((UChar*)(s->quadrant))[s->numZ] \
= (UChar)(s->bsBuff >> 24); \
s->numZ++; \
s->bsBuff <<= 8; \
s->bsLive -= 8; \
} \
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void bsW ( EState* s, Int32 n, UInt32 v )
{
bsNEEDW ( n );
s->bsBuff |= (v << (32 - s->bsLive - n));
s->bsLive += n;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void bsPutUInt32 ( EState* s, UInt32 u )
{
bsW ( s, 8, (u >> 24) & 0xffL );
bsW ( s, 8, (u >> 16) & 0xffL );
bsW ( s, 8, (u >> 8) & 0xffL );
bsW ( s, 8, u & 0xffL );
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void bsPutUChar ( EState* s, UChar c )
{
bsW( s, 8, (UInt32)c );
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- The back end proper ---*/
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void makeMaps_e ( EState* s )
{
Int32 i;
s->nInUse = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
if (s->inUse[i]) {
s->unseqToSeq[i] = s->nInUse;
s->nInUse++;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void generateMTFValues ( EState* s )
{
UChar yy[256];
Int32 i, j;
UChar tmp;
UChar tmp2;
Int32 zPend;
Int32 wr;
Int32 EOB;
makeMaps_e ( s );
EOB = s->nInUse+1;
for (i = 0; i <= EOB; i++) s->mtfFreq[i] = 0;
wr = 0;
zPend = 0;
for (i = 0; i < s->nInUse; i++) yy[i] = (UChar) i;
for (i = 0; i < s->nblock; i++) {
UChar ll_i;
AssertD ( wr <= i, "generateMTFValues(1)" );
j = s->zptr[i]-1; if (j < 0) j += s->nblock;
ll_i = s->unseqToSeq[s->block[j]];
AssertD ( ll_i < s->nInUse, "generateMTFValues(2a)" );
j = 0;
tmp = yy[j];
while ( ll_i != tmp ) {
j++;
tmp2 = tmp;
tmp = yy[j];
yy[j] = tmp2;
};
yy[0] = tmp;
if (j == 0) {
zPend++;
} else {
if (zPend > 0) {
zPend--;
while (True) {
switch (zPend % 2) {
case 0: s->szptr[wr] = BZ_RUNA; wr++; s->mtfFreq[BZ_RUNA]++; break;
case 1: s->szptr[wr] = BZ_RUNB; wr++; s->mtfFreq[BZ_RUNB]++; break;
};
if (zPend < 2) break;
zPend = (zPend - 2) / 2;
};
zPend = 0;
}
s->szptr[wr] = j+1; wr++; s->mtfFreq[j+1]++;
}
}
if (zPend > 0) {
zPend--;
while (True) {
switch (zPend % 2) {
case 0: s->szptr[wr] = BZ_RUNA; wr++; s->mtfFreq[BZ_RUNA]++; break;
case 1: s->szptr[wr] = BZ_RUNB; wr++; s->mtfFreq[BZ_RUNB]++; break;
};
if (zPend < 2) break;
zPend = (zPend - 2) / 2;
};
}
s->szptr[wr] = EOB; wr++; s->mtfFreq[EOB]++;
s->nMTF = wr;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
#define BZ_LESSER_ICOST 0
#define BZ_GREATER_ICOST 15
static
void sendMTFValues ( EState* s )
{
Int32 v, t, i, j, gs, ge, totc, bt, bc, iter;
Int32 nSelectors, alphaSize, minLen, maxLen, selCtr;
Int32 nGroups, nBytes;
/*--
UChar len [BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
is a global since the decoder also needs it.
Int32 code[BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
Int32 rfreq[BZ_N_GROUPS][BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE];
are also globals only used in this proc.
Made global to keep stack frame size small.
--*/
UInt16 cost[BZ_N_GROUPS];
Int32 fave[BZ_N_GROUPS];
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf3( " %d in block, %d after MTF & 1-2 coding, "
"%d+2 syms in use\n",
s->nblock, s->nMTF, s->nInUse );
alphaSize = s->nInUse+2;
for (t = 0; t < BZ_N_GROUPS; t++)
for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++)
s->len[t][v] = BZ_GREATER_ICOST;
/*--- Decide how many coding tables to use ---*/
AssertH ( s->nMTF > 0, 3001 );
if (s->nMTF < 200) nGroups = 2; else
if (s->nMTF < 800) nGroups = 4; else
nGroups = 6;
/*--- Generate an initial set of coding tables ---*/
{
Int32 nPart, remF, tFreq, aFreq;
nPart = nGroups;
remF = s->nMTF;
gs = 0;
while (nPart > 0) {
tFreq = remF / nPart;
ge = gs-1;
aFreq = 0;
while (aFreq < tFreq && ge < alphaSize-1) {
ge++;
aFreq += s->mtfFreq[ge];
}
if (ge > gs
&& nPart != nGroups && nPart != 1
&& ((nGroups-nPart) % 2 == 1)) {
aFreq -= s->mtfFreq[ge];
ge--;
}
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf5( " initial group %d, [%d .. %d], "
"has %d syms (%4.1f%%)\n",
nPart, gs, ge, aFreq,
(100.0 * (float)aFreq) / (float)(s->nMTF) );
for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++)
if (v >= gs && v <= ge)
s->len[nPart-1][v] = BZ_LESSER_ICOST; else
s->len[nPart-1][v] = BZ_GREATER_ICOST;
nPart--;
gs = ge+1;
remF -= aFreq;
}
}
/*---
Iterate up to BZ_N_ITERS times to improve the tables.
---*/
for (iter = 0; iter < BZ_N_ITERS; iter++) {
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) fave[t] = 0;
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
for (v = 0; v < alphaSize; v++)
s->rfreq[t][v] = 0;
nSelectors = 0;
totc = 0;
gs = 0;
while (True) {
/*--- Set group start & end marks. --*/
if (gs >= s->nMTF) break;
ge = gs + BZ_G_SIZE - 1;
if (ge >= s->nMTF) ge = s->nMTF-1;
/*--
Calculate the cost of this group as coded
by each of the coding tables.
--*/
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) cost[t] = 0;
if (nGroups == 6) {
register UInt16 cost0, cost1, cost2, cost3, cost4, cost5;
cost0 = cost1 = cost2 = cost3 = cost4 = cost5 = 0;
for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
UInt16 icv = s->szptr[i];
cost0 += s->len[0][icv];
cost1 += s->len[1][icv];
cost2 += s->len[2][icv];
cost3 += s->len[3][icv];
cost4 += s->len[4][icv];
cost5 += s->len[5][icv];
}
cost[0] = cost0; cost[1] = cost1; cost[2] = cost2;
cost[3] = cost3; cost[4] = cost4; cost[5] = cost5;
} else {
for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
UInt16 icv = s->szptr[i];
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) cost[t] += s->len[t][icv];
}
}
/*--
Find the coding table which is best for this group,
and record its identity in the selector table.
--*/
bc = 999999999; bt = -1;
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
if (cost[t] < bc) { bc = cost[t]; bt = t; };
totc += bc;
fave[bt]++;
s->selector[nSelectors] = bt;
nSelectors++;
/*--
Increment the symbol frequencies for the selected table.
--*/
for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++)
s->rfreq[bt][ s->szptr[i] ]++;
gs = ge+1;
}
if (s->verbosity >= 3) {
VPrintf2 ( " pass %d: size is %d, grp uses are ",
iter+1, totc/8 );
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
VPrintf1 ( "%d ", fave[t] );
VPrintf0 ( "\n" );
}
/*--
Recompute the tables based on the accumulated frequencies.
--*/
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++)
hbMakeCodeLengths ( &(s->len[t][0]), &(s->rfreq[t][0]),
alphaSize, 20 );
}
AssertH( nGroups < 8, 3002 );
AssertH( nSelectors < 32768 &&
nSelectors <= (2 + (900000 / BZ_G_SIZE)),
3003 );
/*--- Compute MTF values for the selectors. ---*/
{
UChar pos[BZ_N_GROUPS], ll_i, tmp2, tmp;
for (i = 0; i < nGroups; i++) pos[i] = i;
for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
ll_i = s->selector[i];
j = 0;
tmp = pos[j];
while ( ll_i != tmp ) {
j++;
tmp2 = tmp;
tmp = pos[j];
pos[j] = tmp2;
};
pos[0] = tmp;
s->selectorMtf[i] = j;
}
};
/*--- Assign actual codes for the tables. --*/
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
minLen = 32;
maxLen = 0;
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
if (s->len[t][i] > maxLen) maxLen = s->len[t][i];
if (s->len[t][i] < minLen) minLen = s->len[t][i];
}
AssertH ( !(maxLen > 20), 3004 );
AssertH ( !(minLen < 1), 3005 );
hbAssignCodes ( &(s->code[t][0]), &(s->len[t][0]),
minLen, maxLen, alphaSize );
}
/*--- Transmit the mapping table. ---*/
{
Bool inUse16[16];
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
inUse16[i] = False;
for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
if (s->inUse[i * 16 + j]) inUse16[i] = True;
}
nBytes = s->numZ;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
if (inUse16[i]) bsW(s,1,1); else bsW(s,1,0);
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
if (inUse16[i])
for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
if (s->inUse[i * 16 + j]) bsW(s,1,1); else bsW(s,1,0);
}
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf1( " bytes: mapping %d, ", s->numZ-nBytes );
}
/*--- Now the selectors. ---*/
nBytes = s->numZ;
bsW ( s, 3, nGroups );
bsW ( s, 15, nSelectors );
for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < s->selectorMtf[i]; j++) bsW(s,1,1);
bsW(s,1,0);
}
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf1( "selectors %d, ", s->numZ-nBytes );
/*--- Now the coding tables. ---*/
nBytes = s->numZ;
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
Int32 curr = s->len[t][0];
bsW ( s, 5, curr );
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
while (curr < s->len[t][i]) { bsW(s,2,2); curr++; /* 10 */ };
while (curr > s->len[t][i]) { bsW(s,2,3); curr--; /* 11 */ };
bsW ( s, 1, 0 );
}
}
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf1 ( "code lengths %d, ", s->numZ-nBytes );
/*--- And finally, the block data proper ---*/
nBytes = s->numZ;
selCtr = 0;
gs = 0;
while (True) {
if (gs >= s->nMTF) break;
ge = gs + BZ_G_SIZE - 1;
if (ge >= s->nMTF) ge = s->nMTF-1;
for (i = gs; i <= ge; i++) {
AssertH ( s->selector[selCtr] < nGroups, 3006 );
bsW ( s,
s->len [s->selector[selCtr]] [s->szptr[i]],
s->code [s->selector[selCtr]] [s->szptr[i]] );
}
gs = ge+1;
selCtr++;
}
AssertH( selCtr == nSelectors, 3007 );
if (s->verbosity >= 3)
VPrintf1( "codes %d\n", s->numZ-nBytes );
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
void compressBlock ( EState* s, Bool is_last_block )
{
if (s->nblock > 0) {
BZ_FINALISE_CRC ( s->blockCRC );
s->combinedCRC = (s->combinedCRC << 1) | (s->combinedCRC >> 31);
s->combinedCRC ^= s->blockCRC;
if (s->blockNo > 1) s->numZ = 0;
if (s->verbosity >= 2)
VPrintf4( " block %d: crc = 0x%8x, "
"combined CRC = 0x%8x, size = %d\n",
s->blockNo, s->blockCRC, s->combinedCRC, s->nblock );
blockSort ( s );
}
/*-- If this is the first block, create the stream header. --*/
if (s->blockNo == 1) {
bsInitWrite ( s );
bsPutUChar ( s, 'B' );
bsPutUChar ( s, 'Z' );
bsPutUChar ( s, 'h' );
bsPutUChar ( s, '0' + s->blockSize100k );
}
if (s->nblock > 0) {
bsPutUChar ( s, 0x31 ); bsPutUChar ( s, 0x41 );
bsPutUChar ( s, 0x59 ); bsPutUChar ( s, 0x26 );
bsPutUChar ( s, 0x53 ); bsPutUChar ( s, 0x59 );
/*-- Now the block's CRC, so it is in a known place. --*/
bsPutUInt32 ( s, s->blockCRC );
/*-- Now a single bit indicating randomisation. --*/
if (s->blockRandomised) {
bsW(s,1,1); s->nBlocksRandomised++;
} else
bsW(s,1,0);
bsW ( s, 24, s->origPtr );
generateMTFValues ( s );
sendMTFValues ( s );
}
/*-- If this is the last block, add the stream trailer. --*/
if (is_last_block) {
if (s->verbosity >= 2 && s->nBlocksRandomised > 0)
VPrintf2 ( " %d block%s needed randomisation\n",
s->nBlocksRandomised,
s->nBlocksRandomised == 1 ? "" : "s" );
bsPutUChar ( s, 0x17 ); bsPutUChar ( s, 0x72 );
bsPutUChar ( s, 0x45 ); bsPutUChar ( s, 0x38 );
bsPutUChar ( s, 0x50 ); bsPutUChar ( s, 0x90 );
bsPutUInt32 ( s, s->combinedCRC );
if (s->verbosity >= 2)
VPrintf1( " final combined CRC = 0x%x\n ", s->combinedCRC );
bsFinishWrite ( s );
}
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end compress.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Table for doing CRCs ---*/
/*--- crctable.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#include "bzlib_private.h"
/*--
I think this is an implementation of the AUTODIN-II,
Ethernet & FDDI 32-bit CRC standard. Vaguely derived
from code by Rob Warnock, in Section 51 of the
comp.compression FAQ.
--*/
UInt32 crc32Table[256] = {
/*-- Ugly, innit? --*/
0x00000000L, 0x04c11db7L, 0x09823b6eL, 0x0d4326d9L,
0x130476dcL, 0x17c56b6bL, 0x1a864db2L, 0x1e475005L,
0x2608edb8L, 0x22c9f00fL, 0x2f8ad6d6L, 0x2b4bcb61L,
0x350c9b64L, 0x31cd86d3L, 0x3c8ea00aL, 0x384fbdbdL,
0x4c11db70L, 0x48d0c6c7L, 0x4593e01eL, 0x4152fda9L,
0x5f15adacL, 0x5bd4b01bL, 0x569796c2L, 0x52568b75L,
0x6a1936c8L, 0x6ed82b7fL, 0x639b0da6L, 0x675a1011L,
0x791d4014L, 0x7ddc5da3L, 0x709f7b7aL, 0x745e66cdL,
0x9823b6e0L, 0x9ce2ab57L, 0x91a18d8eL, 0x95609039L,
0x8b27c03cL, 0x8fe6dd8bL, 0x82a5fb52L, 0x8664e6e5L,
0xbe2b5b58L, 0xbaea46efL, 0xb7a96036L, 0xb3687d81L,
0xad2f2d84L, 0xa9ee3033L, 0xa4ad16eaL, 0xa06c0b5dL,
0xd4326d90L, 0xd0f37027L, 0xddb056feL, 0xd9714b49L,
0xc7361b4cL, 0xc3f706fbL, 0xceb42022L, 0xca753d95L,
0xf23a8028L, 0xf6fb9d9fL, 0xfbb8bb46L, 0xff79a6f1L,
0xe13ef6f4L, 0xe5ffeb43L, 0xe8bccd9aL, 0xec7dd02dL,
0x34867077L, 0x30476dc0L, 0x3d044b19L, 0x39c556aeL,
0x278206abL, 0x23431b1cL, 0x2e003dc5L, 0x2ac12072L,
0x128e9dcfL, 0x164f8078L, 0x1b0ca6a1L, 0x1fcdbb16L,
0x018aeb13L, 0x054bf6a4L, 0x0808d07dL, 0x0cc9cdcaL,
0x7897ab07L, 0x7c56b6b0L, 0x71159069L, 0x75d48ddeL,
0x6b93dddbL, 0x6f52c06cL, 0x6211e6b5L, 0x66d0fb02L,
0x5e9f46bfL, 0x5a5e5b08L, 0x571d7dd1L, 0x53dc6066L,
0x4d9b3063L, 0x495a2dd4L, 0x44190b0dL, 0x40d816baL,
0xaca5c697L, 0xa864db20L, 0xa527fdf9L, 0xa1e6e04eL,
0xbfa1b04bL, 0xbb60adfcL, 0xb6238b25L, 0xb2e29692L,
0x8aad2b2fL, 0x8e6c3698L, 0x832f1041L, 0x87ee0df6L,
0x99a95df3L, 0x9d684044L, 0x902b669dL, 0x94ea7b2aL,
0xe0b41de7L, 0xe4750050L, 0xe9362689L, 0xedf73b3eL,
0xf3b06b3bL, 0xf771768cL, 0xfa325055L, 0xfef34de2L,
0xc6bcf05fL, 0xc27dede8L, 0xcf3ecb31L, 0xcbffd686L,
0xd5b88683L, 0xd1799b34L, 0xdc3abdedL, 0xd8fba05aL,
0x690ce0eeL, 0x6dcdfd59L, 0x608edb80L, 0x644fc637L,
0x7a089632L, 0x7ec98b85L, 0x738aad5cL, 0x774bb0ebL,
0x4f040d56L, 0x4bc510e1L, 0x46863638L, 0x42472b8fL,
0x5c007b8aL, 0x58c1663dL, 0x558240e4L, 0x51435d53L,
0x251d3b9eL, 0x21dc2629L, 0x2c9f00f0L, 0x285e1d47L,
0x36194d42L, 0x32d850f5L, 0x3f9b762cL, 0x3b5a6b9bL,
0x0315d626L, 0x07d4cb91L, 0x0a97ed48L, 0x0e56f0ffL,
0x1011a0faL, 0x14d0bd4dL, 0x19939b94L, 0x1d528623L,
0xf12f560eL, 0xf5ee4bb9L, 0xf8ad6d60L, 0xfc6c70d7L,
0xe22b20d2L, 0xe6ea3d65L, 0xeba91bbcL, 0xef68060bL,
0xd727bbb6L, 0xd3e6a601L, 0xdea580d8L, 0xda649d6fL,
0xc423cd6aL, 0xc0e2d0ddL, 0xcda1f604L, 0xc960ebb3L,
0xbd3e8d7eL, 0xb9ff90c9L, 0xb4bcb610L, 0xb07daba7L,
0xae3afba2L, 0xaafbe615L, 0xa7b8c0ccL, 0xa379dd7bL,
0x9b3660c6L, 0x9ff77d71L, 0x92b45ba8L, 0x9675461fL,
0x8832161aL, 0x8cf30badL, 0x81b02d74L, 0x857130c3L,
0x5d8a9099L, 0x594b8d2eL, 0x5408abf7L, 0x50c9b640L,
0x4e8ee645L, 0x4a4ffbf2L, 0x470cdd2bL, 0x43cdc09cL,
0x7b827d21L, 0x7f436096L, 0x7200464fL, 0x76c15bf8L,
0x68860bfdL, 0x6c47164aL, 0x61043093L, 0x65c52d24L,
0x119b4be9L, 0x155a565eL, 0x18197087L, 0x1cd86d30L,
0x029f3d35L, 0x065e2082L, 0x0b1d065bL, 0x0fdc1becL,
0x3793a651L, 0x3352bbe6L, 0x3e119d3fL, 0x3ad08088L,
0x2497d08dL, 0x2056cd3aL, 0x2d15ebe3L, 0x29d4f654L,
0xc5a92679L, 0xc1683bceL, 0xcc2b1d17L, 0xc8ea00a0L,
0xd6ad50a5L, 0xd26c4d12L, 0xdf2f6bcbL, 0xdbee767cL,
0xe3a1cbc1L, 0xe760d676L, 0xea23f0afL, 0xeee2ed18L,
0xf0a5bd1dL, 0xf464a0aaL, 0xf9278673L, 0xfde69bc4L,
0x89b8fd09L, 0x8d79e0beL, 0x803ac667L, 0x84fbdbd0L,
0x9abc8bd5L, 0x9e7d9662L, 0x933eb0bbL, 0x97ffad0cL,
0xafb010b1L, 0xab710d06L, 0xa6322bdfL, 0xa2f33668L,
0xbcb4666dL, 0xb8757bdaL, 0xb5365d03L, 0xb1f740b4L
};
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end crctable.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

636
lib/libbz2/decompress.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Decompression machinery ---*/
/*--- decompress.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#include "bzlib_private.h"
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
static
void makeMaps_d ( DState* s )
{
Int32 i;
s->nInUse = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
if (s->inUse[i]) {
s->seqToUnseq[s->nInUse] = i;
s->nInUse++;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
#define RETURN(rrr) \
{ retVal = rrr; goto save_state_and_return; };
#define GET_BITS(lll,vvv,nnn) \
case lll: s->state = lll; \
while (True) { \
if (s->bsLive >= nnn) { \
UInt32 v; \
v = (s->bsBuff >> \
(s->bsLive-nnn)) & ((1 << nnn)-1); \
s->bsLive -= nnn; \
vvv = v; \
break; \
} \
if (s->strm->avail_in == 0) RETURN(BZ_OK); \
s->bsBuff \
= (s->bsBuff << 8) | \
((UInt32) \
(*((UChar*)(s->strm->next_in)))); \
s->bsLive += 8; \
s->strm->next_in++; \
s->strm->avail_in--; \
s->strm->total_in++; \
}
#define GET_UCHAR(lll,uuu) \
GET_BITS(lll,uuu,8)
#define GET_BIT(lll,uuu) \
GET_BITS(lll,uuu,1)
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
#define GET_MTF_VAL(label1,label2,lval) \
{ \
if (groupPos == 0) { \
groupNo++; \
groupPos = BZ_G_SIZE; \
gSel = s->selector[groupNo]; \
gMinlen = s->minLens[gSel]; \
gLimit = &(s->limit[gSel][0]); \
gPerm = &(s->perm[gSel][0]); \
gBase = &(s->base[gSel][0]); \
} \
groupPos--; \
zn = gMinlen; \
GET_BITS(label1, zvec, zn); \
while (zvec > gLimit[zn]) { \
zn++; \
GET_BIT(label2, zj); \
zvec = (zvec << 1) | zj; \
}; \
lval = gPerm[zvec - gBase[zn]]; \
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
Int32 decompress ( DState* s )
{
UChar uc;
Int32 retVal;
Int32 minLen, maxLen;
bz_stream* strm = s->strm;
/* stuff that needs to be saved/restored */
Int32 i ;
Int32 j;
Int32 t;
Int32 alphaSize;
Int32 nGroups;
Int32 nSelectors;
Int32 EOB;
Int32 groupNo;
Int32 groupPos;
Int32 nextSym;
Int32 nblockMAX;
Int32 nblock;
Int32 es;
Int32 N;
Int32 curr;
Int32 zt;
Int32 zn;
Int32 zvec;
Int32 zj;
Int32 gSel;
Int32 gMinlen;
Int32* gLimit;
Int32* gBase;
Int32* gPerm;
if (s->state == BZ_X_MAGIC_1) {
/*initialise the save area*/
s->save_i = 0;
s->save_j = 0;
s->save_t = 0;
s->save_alphaSize = 0;
s->save_nGroups = 0;
s->save_nSelectors = 0;
s->save_EOB = 0;
s->save_groupNo = 0;
s->save_groupPos = 0;
s->save_nextSym = 0;
s->save_nblockMAX = 0;
s->save_nblock = 0;
s->save_es = 0;
s->save_N = 0;
s->save_curr = 0;
s->save_zt = 0;
s->save_zn = 0;
s->save_zvec = 0;
s->save_zj = 0;
s->save_gSel = 0;
s->save_gMinlen = 0;
s->save_gLimit = NULL;
s->save_gBase = NULL;
s->save_gPerm = NULL;
}
/*restore from the save area*/
i = s->save_i;
j = s->save_j;
t = s->save_t;
alphaSize = s->save_alphaSize;
nGroups = s->save_nGroups;
nSelectors = s->save_nSelectors;
EOB = s->save_EOB;
groupNo = s->save_groupNo;
groupPos = s->save_groupPos;
nextSym = s->save_nextSym;
nblockMAX = s->save_nblockMAX;
nblock = s->save_nblock;
es = s->save_es;
N = s->save_N;
curr = s->save_curr;
zt = s->save_zt;
zn = s->save_zn;
zvec = s->save_zvec;
zj = s->save_zj;
gSel = s->save_gSel;
gMinlen = s->save_gMinlen;
gLimit = s->save_gLimit;
gBase = s->save_gBase;
gPerm = s->save_gPerm;
retVal = BZ_OK;
switch (s->state) {
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_MAGIC_1, uc);
if (uc != 'B') RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_MAGIC_2, uc);
if (uc != 'Z') RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_MAGIC_3, uc)
if (uc != 'h') RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC);
GET_BITS(BZ_X_MAGIC_4, s->blockSize100k, 8)
if (s->blockSize100k < '1' ||
s->blockSize100k > '9') RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC);
s->blockSize100k -= '0';
if (s->smallDecompress) {
s->ll16 = BZALLOC( s->blockSize100k * 100000 * sizeof(UInt16) );
s->ll4 = BZALLOC(
((1 + s->blockSize100k * 100000) >> 1) * sizeof(UChar)
);
if (s->ll16 == NULL || s->ll4 == NULL) RETURN(BZ_MEM_ERROR);
} else {
s->tt = BZALLOC( s->blockSize100k * 100000 * sizeof(Int32) );
if (s->tt == NULL) RETURN(BZ_MEM_ERROR);
}
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BLKHDR_1, uc);
if (uc == 0x17) goto endhdr_2;
if (uc != 0x31) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BLKHDR_2, uc);
if (uc != 0x41) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BLKHDR_3, uc);
if (uc != 0x59) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BLKHDR_4, uc);
if (uc != 0x26) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BLKHDR_5, uc);
if (uc != 0x53) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BLKHDR_6, uc);
if (uc != 0x59) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
s->currBlockNo++;
if (s->verbosity >= 2)
VPrintf1 ( "\n [%d: huff+mtf ", s->currBlockNo );
s->storedBlockCRC = 0;
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BCRC_1, uc);
s->storedBlockCRC = (s->storedBlockCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BCRC_2, uc);
s->storedBlockCRC = (s->storedBlockCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BCRC_3, uc);
s->storedBlockCRC = (s->storedBlockCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_BCRC_4, uc);
s->storedBlockCRC = (s->storedBlockCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_BITS(BZ_X_RANDBIT, s->blockRandomised, 1);
s->origPtr = 0;
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ORIGPTR_1, uc);
s->origPtr = (s->origPtr << 8) | ((Int32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ORIGPTR_2, uc);
s->origPtr = (s->origPtr << 8) | ((Int32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ORIGPTR_3, uc);
s->origPtr = (s->origPtr << 8) | ((Int32)uc);
/*--- Receive the mapping table ---*/
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
GET_BIT(BZ_X_MAPPING_1, uc);
if (uc == 1)
s->inUse16[i] = True; else
s->inUse16[i] = False;
}
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) s->inUse[i] = False;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
if (s->inUse16[i])
for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
GET_BIT(BZ_X_MAPPING_2, uc);
if (uc == 1) s->inUse[i * 16 + j] = True;
}
makeMaps_d ( s );
alphaSize = s->nInUse+2;
/*--- Now the selectors ---*/
GET_BITS(BZ_X_SELECTOR_1, nGroups, 3);
GET_BITS(BZ_X_SELECTOR_2, nSelectors, 15);
for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
j = 0;
while (True) {
GET_BIT(BZ_X_SELECTOR_3, uc);
if (uc == 0) break;
j++;
if (j > 5) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
}
s->selectorMtf[i] = j;
}
/*--- Undo the MTF values for the selectors. ---*/
{
UChar pos[BZ_N_GROUPS], tmp, v;
for (v = 0; v < nGroups; v++) pos[v] = v;
for (i = 0; i < nSelectors; i++) {
v = s->selectorMtf[i];
tmp = pos[v];
while (v > 0) { pos[v] = pos[v-1]; v--; }
pos[0] = tmp;
s->selector[i] = tmp;
}
}
/*--- Now the coding tables ---*/
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
GET_BITS(BZ_X_CODING_1, curr, 5);
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
while (True) {
if (curr < 1 || curr > 20) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_BIT(BZ_X_CODING_2, uc);
if (uc == 0) break;
GET_BIT(BZ_X_CODING_3, uc);
if (uc == 0) curr++; else curr--;
}
s->len[t][i] = curr;
}
}
/*--- Create the Huffman decoding tables ---*/
for (t = 0; t < nGroups; t++) {
minLen = 32;
maxLen = 0;
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) {
if (s->len[t][i] > maxLen) maxLen = s->len[t][i];
if (s->len[t][i] < minLen) minLen = s->len[t][i];
}
hbCreateDecodeTables (
&(s->limit[t][0]),
&(s->base[t][0]),
&(s->perm[t][0]),
&(s->len[t][0]),
minLen, maxLen, alphaSize
);
s->minLens[t] = minLen;
}
/*--- Now the MTF values ---*/
EOB = s->nInUse+1;
nblockMAX = 100000 * s->blockSize100k;
groupNo = -1;
groupPos = 0;
for (i = 0; i <= 255; i++) s->unzftab[i] = 0;
/*-- MTF init --*/
{
Int32 ii, jj, kk;
kk = MTFA_SIZE-1;
for (ii = 256 / MTFL_SIZE - 1; ii >= 0; ii--) {
for (jj = MTFL_SIZE-1; jj >= 0; jj--) {
s->mtfa[kk] = (UChar)(ii * MTFL_SIZE + jj);
kk--;
}
s->mtfbase[ii] = kk + 1;
}
}
/*-- end MTF init --*/
nblock = 0;
GET_MTF_VAL(BZ_X_MTF_1, BZ_X_MTF_2, nextSym);
while (True) {
if (nextSym == EOB) break;
if (nextSym == BZ_RUNA || nextSym == BZ_RUNB) {
es = -1;
N = 1;
do {
if (nextSym == BZ_RUNA) es = es + (0+1) * N; else
if (nextSym == BZ_RUNB) es = es + (1+1) * N;
N = N * 2;
GET_MTF_VAL(BZ_X_MTF_3, BZ_X_MTF_4, nextSym);
}
while (nextSym == BZ_RUNA || nextSym == BZ_RUNB);
es++;
uc = s->seqToUnseq[ s->mtfa[s->mtfbase[0]] ];
s->unzftab[uc] += es;
if (s->smallDecompress)
while (es > 0) {
s->ll16[nblock] = (UInt16)uc;
nblock++;
es--;
}
else
while (es > 0) {
s->tt[nblock] = (UInt32)uc;
nblock++;
es--;
};
if (nblock > nblockMAX) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
continue;
} else {
if (nblock > nblockMAX) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
/*-- uc = MTF ( nextSym-1 ) --*/
{
Int32 ii, jj, kk, pp, lno, off;
UInt32 nn;
nn = (UInt32)(nextSym - 1);
if (nn < MTFL_SIZE) {
/* avoid general-case expense */
pp = s->mtfbase[0];
uc = s->mtfa[pp+nn];
while (nn > 3) {
Int32 z = pp+nn;
s->mtfa[(z) ] = s->mtfa[(z)-1];
s->mtfa[(z)-1] = s->mtfa[(z)-2];
s->mtfa[(z)-2] = s->mtfa[(z)-3];
s->mtfa[(z)-3] = s->mtfa[(z)-4];
nn -= 4;
}
while (nn > 0) {
s->mtfa[(pp+nn)] = s->mtfa[(pp+nn)-1]; nn--;
};
s->mtfa[pp] = uc;
} else {
/* general case */
lno = nn / MTFL_SIZE;
off = nn % MTFL_SIZE;
pp = s->mtfbase[lno] + off;
uc = s->mtfa[pp];
while (pp > s->mtfbase[lno]) {
s->mtfa[pp] = s->mtfa[pp-1]; pp--;
};
s->mtfbase[lno]++;
while (lno > 0) {
s->mtfbase[lno]--;
s->mtfa[s->mtfbase[lno]]
= s->mtfa[s->mtfbase[lno-1] + MTFL_SIZE - 1];
lno--;
}
s->mtfbase[0]--;
s->mtfa[s->mtfbase[0]] = uc;
if (s->mtfbase[0] == 0) {
kk = MTFA_SIZE-1;
for (ii = 256 / MTFL_SIZE-1; ii >= 0; ii--) {
for (jj = MTFL_SIZE-1; jj >= 0; jj--) {
s->mtfa[kk] = s->mtfa[s->mtfbase[ii] + jj];
kk--;
}
s->mtfbase[ii] = kk + 1;
}
}
}
}
/*-- end uc = MTF ( nextSym-1 ) --*/
s->unzftab[s->seqToUnseq[uc]]++;
if (s->smallDecompress)
s->ll16[nblock] = (UInt16)(s->seqToUnseq[uc]); else
s->tt[nblock] = (UInt32)(s->seqToUnseq[uc]);
nblock++;
GET_MTF_VAL(BZ_X_MTF_5, BZ_X_MTF_6, nextSym);
continue;
}
}
s->state_out_len = 0;
s->state_out_ch = 0;
BZ_INITIALISE_CRC ( s->calculatedBlockCRC );
s->state = BZ_X_OUTPUT;
if (s->verbosity >= 2) VPrintf0 ( "rt+rld" );
/*-- Set up cftab to facilitate generation of T^(-1) --*/
s->cftab[0] = 0;
for (i = 1; i <= 256; i++) s->cftab[i] = s->unzftab[i-1];
for (i = 1; i <= 256; i++) s->cftab[i] += s->cftab[i-1];
if (s->smallDecompress) {
/*-- Make a copy of cftab, used in generation of T --*/
for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) s->cftabCopy[i] = s->cftab[i];
/*-- compute the T vector --*/
for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) {
uc = (UChar)(s->ll16[i]);
SET_LL(i, s->cftabCopy[uc]);
s->cftabCopy[uc]++;
}
/*-- Compute T^(-1) by pointer reversal on T --*/
i = s->origPtr;
j = GET_LL(i);
do {
Int32 tmp = GET_LL(j);
SET_LL(j, i);
i = j;
j = tmp;
}
while (i != s->origPtr);
s->tPos = s->origPtr;
s->nblock_used = 0;
if (s->blockRandomised) {
BZ_RAND_INIT_MASK;
BZ_GET_SMALL(s->k0); s->nblock_used++;
BZ_RAND_UPD_MASK; s->k0 ^= BZ_RAND_MASK;
} else {
BZ_GET_SMALL(s->k0); s->nblock_used++;
}
} else {
/*-- compute the T^(-1) vector --*/
for (i = 0; i < nblock; i++) {
uc = (UChar)(s->tt[i] & 0xff);
s->tt[s->cftab[uc]] |= (i << 8);
s->cftab[uc]++;
}
s->tPos = s->tt[s->origPtr] >> 8;
s->nblock_used = 0;
if (s->blockRandomised) {
BZ_RAND_INIT_MASK;
BZ_GET_FAST(s->k0); s->nblock_used++;
BZ_RAND_UPD_MASK; s->k0 ^= BZ_RAND_MASK;
} else {
BZ_GET_FAST(s->k0); s->nblock_used++;
}
}
RETURN(BZ_OK);
endhdr_2:
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ENDHDR_2, uc);
if (uc != 0x72) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ENDHDR_3, uc);
if (uc != 0x45) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ENDHDR_4, uc);
if (uc != 0x38) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ENDHDR_5, uc);
if (uc != 0x50) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_ENDHDR_6, uc);
if (uc != 0x90) RETURN(BZ_DATA_ERROR);
s->storedCombinedCRC = 0;
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_CCRC_1, uc);
s->storedCombinedCRC = (s->storedCombinedCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_CCRC_2, uc);
s->storedCombinedCRC = (s->storedCombinedCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_CCRC_3, uc);
s->storedCombinedCRC = (s->storedCombinedCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
GET_UCHAR(BZ_X_CCRC_4, uc);
s->storedCombinedCRC = (s->storedCombinedCRC << 8) | ((UInt32)uc);
s->state = BZ_X_IDLE;
RETURN(BZ_STREAM_END);
default: AssertH ( False, 4001 );
}
AssertH ( False, 4002 );
save_state_and_return:
s->save_i = i;
s->save_j = j;
s->save_t = t;
s->save_alphaSize = alphaSize;
s->save_nGroups = nGroups;
s->save_nSelectors = nSelectors;
s->save_EOB = EOB;
s->save_groupNo = groupNo;
s->save_groupPos = groupPos;
s->save_nextSym = nextSym;
s->save_nblockMAX = nblockMAX;
s->save_nblock = nblock;
s->save_es = es;
s->save_N = N;
s->save_curr = curr;
s->save_zt = zt;
s->save_zn = zn;
s->save_zvec = zvec;
s->save_zj = zj;
s->save_gSel = gSel;
s->save_gMinlen = gMinlen;
s->save_gLimit = gLimit;
s->save_gBase = gBase;
s->save_gPerm = gPerm;
return retVal;
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end decompress.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Huffman coding low-level stuff ---*/
/*--- huffman.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#include "bzlib_private.h"
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
#define WEIGHTOF(zz0) ((zz0) & 0xffffff00)
#define DEPTHOF(zz1) ((zz1) & 0x000000ff)
#define MYMAX(zz2,zz3) ((zz2) > (zz3) ? (zz2) : (zz3))
#define ADDWEIGHTS(zw1,zw2) \
(WEIGHTOF(zw1)+WEIGHTOF(zw2)) | \
(1 + MYMAX(DEPTHOF(zw1),DEPTHOF(zw2)))
#define UPHEAP(z) \
{ \
Int32 zz, tmp; \
zz = z; tmp = heap[zz]; \
while (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[zz >> 1]]) { \
heap[zz] = heap[zz >> 1]; \
zz >>= 1; \
} \
heap[zz] = tmp; \
}
#define DOWNHEAP(z) \
{ \
Int32 zz, yy, tmp; \
zz = z; tmp = heap[zz]; \
while (True) { \
yy = zz << 1; \
if (yy > nHeap) break; \
if (yy < nHeap && \
weight[heap[yy+1]] < weight[heap[yy]]) \
yy++; \
if (weight[tmp] < weight[heap[yy]]) break; \
heap[zz] = heap[yy]; \
zz = yy; \
} \
heap[zz] = tmp; \
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
void hbMakeCodeLengths ( UChar *len,
Int32 *freq,
Int32 alphaSize,
Int32 maxLen )
{
/*--
Nodes and heap entries run from 1. Entry 0
for both the heap and nodes is a sentinel.
--*/
Int32 nNodes, nHeap, n1, n2, i, j, k;
Bool tooLong;
Int32 heap [ BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE + 2 ];
Int32 weight [ BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2 ];
Int32 parent [ BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2 ];
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++)
weight[i+1] = (freq[i] == 0 ? 1 : freq[i]) << 8;
while (True) {
nNodes = alphaSize;
nHeap = 0;
heap[0] = 0;
weight[0] = 0;
parent[0] = -2;
for (i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
parent[i] = -1;
nHeap++;
heap[nHeap] = i;
UPHEAP(nHeap);
}
AssertH( nHeap < (BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE+2), 2001 );
while (nHeap > 1) {
n1 = heap[1]; heap[1] = heap[nHeap]; nHeap--; DOWNHEAP(1);
n2 = heap[1]; heap[1] = heap[nHeap]; nHeap--; DOWNHEAP(1);
nNodes++;
parent[n1] = parent[n2] = nNodes;
weight[nNodes] = ADDWEIGHTS(weight[n1], weight[n2]);
parent[nNodes] = -1;
nHeap++;
heap[nHeap] = nNodes;
UPHEAP(nHeap);
}
AssertH( nNodes < (BZ_MAX_ALPHA_SIZE * 2), 2002 );
tooLong = False;
for (i = 1; i <= alphaSize; i++) {
j = 0;
k = i;
while (parent[k] >= 0) { k = parent[k]; j++; }
len[i-1] = j;
if (j > maxLen) tooLong = True;
}
if (! tooLong) break;
for (i = 1; i < alphaSize; i++) {
j = weight[i] >> 8;
j = 1 + (j / 2);
weight[i] = j << 8;
}
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
void hbAssignCodes ( Int32 *code,
UChar *length,
Int32 minLen,
Int32 maxLen,
Int32 alphaSize )
{
Int32 n, vec, i;
vec = 0;
for (n = minLen; n <= maxLen; n++) {
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++)
if (length[i] == n) { code[i] = vec; vec++; };
vec <<= 1;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------*/
void hbCreateDecodeTables ( Int32 *limit,
Int32 *base,
Int32 *perm,
UChar *length,
Int32 minLen,
Int32 maxLen,
Int32 alphaSize )
{
Int32 pp, i, j, vec;
pp = 0;
for (i = minLen; i <= maxLen; i++)
for (j = 0; j < alphaSize; j++)
if (length[j] == i) { perm[pp] = j; pp++; };
for (i = 0; i < BZ_MAX_CODE_LEN; i++) base[i] = 0;
for (i = 0; i < alphaSize; i++) base[length[i]+1]++;
for (i = 1; i < BZ_MAX_CODE_LEN; i++) base[i] += base[i-1];
for (i = 0; i < BZ_MAX_CODE_LEN; i++) limit[i] = 0;
vec = 0;
for (i = minLen; i <= maxLen; i++) {
vec += (base[i+1] - base[i]);
limit[i] = vec-1;
vec <<= 1;
}
for (i = minLen + 1; i <= maxLen; i++)
base[i] = ((limit[i-1] + 1) << 1) - base[i];
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end huffman.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

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LIBRARY LIBBZ2
DESCRIPTION "libbzip2: library for data compression"
EXPORTS
bzCompressInit
bzCompress
bzCompressEnd
bzDecompressInit
bzDecompress
bzDecompressEnd
bzReadOpen
bzReadClose
bzReadGetUnused
bzRead
bzWriteOpen
bzWrite
bzWriteClose
bzBuffToBuffCompress
bzBuffToBuffDecompress
bzlibVersion
bzopen
bzdopen
bzread
bzwrite
bzflush
bzclose

6748
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.51
from manual.texi on 23 August 1998 -->
<TITLE>bzip2 and libbzip2 - Introduction</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Go to the first, previous, <A HREF="manual_2.html">next</A>, <A HREF="manual_4.html">last</A> section, <A HREF="manual_toc.html">table of contents</A>.
<P><HR><P>
<P>
@parindent 0mm
@parskip 2mm
</P>
<P>
This program, <CODE>bzip2</CODE>,
and associated library <CODE>libbzip2</CODE>, are
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
</P>
<P>
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
<UL>
<LI>
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
<LI>
The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
<LI>
Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
<LI>
The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
</UL>
<P>
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
</P>
<P>
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
</P>
<P>
<CODE>jseward@acm.org</CODE>
</P>
<P>
<CODE>http://www.muraroa.demon.co.uk</CODE>
</P>
<P>
<CODE>bzip2</CODE>/<CODE>libbzip2</CODE> version 0.9.0 of 23 August 1998.
</P>
<P>
PATENTS: To the best of my knowledge, <CODE>bzip2</CODE> does not use any patented
algorithms. However, I do not have the resources available to carry out
a full patent search. Therefore I cannot give any guarantee of the
above statement.
</P>
<H1><A NAME="SEC1" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC1">Introduction</A></H1>
<P>
<CODE>bzip2</CODE> compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler
block-sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.
Compression is generally considerably better than that
achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based compressors,
and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical compressors.
</P>
<P>
<CODE>bzip2</CODE> is built on top of <CODE>libbzip2</CODE>, a flexible library
for handling compressed data in the <CODE>bzip2</CODE> format. This manual
describes both how to use the program and
how to work with the library interface. Most of the
manual is devoted to this library, not the program,
which is good news if your interest is only in the program.
</P>
<P>
Chapter 2 describes how to use <CODE>bzip2</CODE>; this is the only part
you need to read if you just want to know how to operate the program.
Chapter 3 describes the programming interfaces in detail, and
Chapter 4 records some miscellaneous notes which I thought
ought to be recorded somewhere.
</P>
<P><HR><P>
Go to the first, previous, <A HREF="manual_2.html">next</A>, <A HREF="manual_4.html">last</A> section, <A HREF="manual_toc.html">table of contents</A>.
</BODY>
</HTML>

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<!-- This HTML file has been created by texi2html 1.51
from manual.texi on 23 August 1998 -->
<TITLE>bzip2 and libbzip2 - How to use bzip2</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Go to the <A HREF="manual_1.html">first</A>, <A HREF="manual_1.html">previous</A>, <A HREF="manual_3.html">next</A>, <A HREF="manual_4.html">last</A> section, <A HREF="manual_toc.html">table of contents</A>.
<P><HR><P>
<H1><A NAME="SEC2" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC2">How to use <CODE>bzip2</CODE></A></H1>
<P>
This chapter contains a copy of the <CODE>bzip2</CODE> man page,
and nothing else.
<PRE>
NAME
bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor, v0.9.0
bzcat - decompresses files to stdout
bzip2recover - recovers data from damaged bzip2 files
SYNOPSIS
bzip2 [ -cdfkstvzVL123456789 ] [ filenames ... ]
bunzip2 [ -fkvsVL ] [ filenames ... ]
bzcat [ -s ] [ filenames ... ]
bzip2recover filename
DESCRIPTION
bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block-
sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding.
Compression is generally considerably better than that
achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based compressors,
and approaches the performance of the PPM family of sta-
tistical compressors.
The command-line options are deliberately very similar to
those of GNU Gzip, but they are not identical.
bzip2 expects a list of file names to accompany the com-
mand-line flags. Each file is replaced by a compressed
version of itself, with the name "original_name.bz2".
Each compressed file has the same modification date and
permissions as the corresponding original, so that these
properties can be correctly restored at decompression
time. File name handling is naive in the sense that there
is no mechanism for preserving original file names, per-
missions and dates in filesystems which lack these con-
cepts, or have serious file name length restrictions, such
as MS-DOS.
bzip2 and bunzip2 will by default not overwrite existing
files; if you want this to happen, specify the -f flag.
If no file names are specified, bzip2 compresses from
standard input to standard output. In this case, bzip2
will decline to write compressed output to a terminal, as
this would be entirely incomprehensible and therefore
pointless.
bunzip2 (or bzip2 -d ) decompresses and restores all spec-
ified files whose names end in ".bz2". Files without this
suffix are ignored. Again, supplying no filenames causes
decompression from standard input to standard output.
bunzip2 will correctly decompress a file which is the con-
catenation of two or more compressed files. The result is
the concatenation of the corresponding uncompressed files.
Integrity testing (-t) of concatenated compressed files is
also supported.
You can also compress or decompress files to the standard
output by giving the -c flag. Multiple files may be com-
pressed and decompressed like this. The resulting outputs
are fed sequentially to stdout. Compression of multiple
files in this manner generates a stream containing multi-
ple compressed file representations. Such a stream can be
decompressed correctly only by bzip2 version 0.9.0 or
later. Earlier versions of bzip2 will stop after decom-
pressing the first file in the stream.
bzcat (or bzip2 -dc ) decompresses all specified files to
the standard output.
Compression is always performed, even if the compressed
file is slightly larger than the original. Files of less
than about one hundred bytes tend to get larger, since the
compression mechanism has a constant overhead in the
region of 50 bytes. Random data (including the output of
most file compressors) is coded at about 8.05 bits per
byte, giving an expansion of around 0.5%.
As a self-check for your protection, bzip2 uses 32-bit
CRCs to make sure that the decompressed version of a file
is identical to the original. This guards against corrup-
tion of the compressed data, and against undetected bugs
in bzip2 (hopefully very unlikely). The chances of data
corruption going undetected is microscopic, about one
chance in four billion for each file processed. Be aware,
though, that the check occurs upon decompression, so it
can only tell you that that something is wrong. It can't
help you recover the original uncompressed data. You can
use bzip2recover to try to recover data from damaged
files.
Return values: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental
problems (file not found, invalid flags, I/O errors, &#38;c),
2 to indicate a corrupt compressed file, 3 for an internal
consistency error (eg, bug) which caused bzip2 to panic.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Bzip2 compresses large files in blocks. The block size
affects both the compression ratio achieved, and the
amount of memory needed both for compression and decom-
pression. The flags -1 through -9 specify the block size
to be 100,000 bytes through 900,000 bytes (the default)
respectively. At decompression-time, the block size used
for compression is read from the header of the compressed
file, and bunzip2 then allocates itself just enough memory
to decompress the file. Since block sizes are stored in
compressed files, it follows that the flags -1 to -9 are
irrelevant to and so ignored during decompression.
Compression and decompression requirements, in bytes, can
be estimated as:
Compression: 400k + ( 7 x block size )
Decompression: 100k + ( 4 x block size ), or
100k + ( 2.5 x block size )
Larger block sizes give rapidly diminishing marginal
returns; most of the compression comes from the first two
or three hundred k of block size, a fact worth bearing in
mind when using bzip2 on small machines. It is also
important to appreciate that the decompression memory
requirement is set at compression-time by the choice of
block size.
For files compressed with the default 900k block size,
bunzip2 will require about 3700 kbytes to decompress. To
support decompression of any file on a 4 megabyte machine,
bunzip2 has an option to decompress using approximately
half this amount of memory, about 2300 kbytes. Decompres-
sion speed is also halved, so you should use this option
only where necessary. The relevant flag is -s.
In general, try and use the largest block size memory con-
straints allow, since that maximises the compression
achieved. Compression and decompression speed are virtu-
ally unaffected by block size.
Another significant point applies to files which fit in a
single block -- that means most files you'd encounter
using a large block size. The amount of real memory
touched is proportional to the size of the file, since the
file is smaller than a block. For example, compressing a
file 20,000 bytes long with the flag -9 will cause the
compressor to allocate around 6700k of memory, but only
touch 400k + 20000 * 7 = 540 kbytes of it. Similarly, the
decompressor will allocate 3700k but only touch 100k +
20000 * 4 = 180 kbytes.
Here is a table which summarises the maximum memory usage
for different block sizes. Also recorded is the total
compressed size for 14 files of the Calgary Text Compres-
sion Corpus totalling 3,141,622 bytes. This column gives
some feel for how compression varies with block size.
These figures tend to understate the advantage of larger
block sizes for larger files, since the Corpus is domi-
nated by smaller files.
Compress Decompress Decompress Corpus
Flag usage usage -s usage Size
-1 1100k 500k 350k 914704
-2 1800k 900k 600k 877703
-3 2500k 1300k 850k 860338
-4 3200k 1700k 1100k 846899
-5 3900k 2100k 1350k 845160
-6 4600k 2500k 1600k 838626
-7 5400k 2900k 1850k 834096
-8 6000k 3300k 2100k 828642
-9 6700k 3700k 2350k 828642
OPTIONS
-c --stdout
Compress or decompress to standard output. -c will
decompress multiple files to stdout, but will only
compress a single file to stdout.
-d --decompress
Force decompression. bzip2, bunzip2 and bzcat are
really the same program, and the decision about
what actions to take is done on the basis of which
name is used. This flag overrides that mechanism,
and forces bzip2 to decompress.
-z --compress
The complement to -d: forces compression, regard-
less of the invokation name.
-t --test
Check integrity of the specified file(s), but don't
decompress them. This really performs a trial
decompression and throws away the result.
-f --force
Force overwrite of output files. Normally, bzip2
will not overwrite existing output files.
-k --keep
Keep (don't delete) input files during compression
or decompression.
-s --small
Reduce memory usage, for compression, decompression
and testing. Files are decompressed and tested
using a modified algorithm which only requires 2.5
bytes per block byte. This means any file can be
decompressed in 2300k of memory, albeit at about
half the normal speed.
During compression, -s selects a block size of
200k, which limits memory use to around the same
figure, at the expense of your compression ratio.
In short, if your machine is low on memory (8
megabytes or less), use -s for everything. See
MEMORY MANAGEMENT above.
-v --verbose
Verbose mode -- show the compression ratio for each
file processed. Further -v's increase the ver-
bosity level, spewing out lots of information which
is primarily of interest for diagnostic purposes.
-L --license -V --version
Display the software version, license terms and
conditions.
-1 to -9
Set the block size to 100 k, 200 k .. 900 k when
compressing. Has no effect when decompressing.
See MEMORY MANAGEMENT above.
--repetitive-fast
bzip2 injects some small pseudo-random variations
into very repetitive blocks to limit worst-case
performance during compression. If sorting runs
into difficulties, the block is randomised, and
sorting is restarted. Very roughly, bzip2 persists
for three times as long as a well-behaved input
would take before resorting to randomisation. This
flag makes it give up much sooner.
--repetitive-best
Opposite of --repetitive-fast; try a lot harder
before resorting to randomisation.
RECOVERING DATA FROM DAMAGED FILES
bzip2 compresses files in blocks, usually 900kbytes long.
Each block is handled independently. If a media or trans-
mission error causes a multi-block .bz2 file to become
damaged, it may be possible to recover data from the
undamaged blocks in the file.
The compressed representation of each block is delimited
by a 48-bit pattern, which makes it possible to find the
block boundaries with reasonable certainty. Each block
also carries its own 32-bit CRC, so damaged blocks can be
distinguished from undamaged ones.
bzip2recover is a simple program whose purpose is to
search for blocks in .bz2 files, and write each block out
into its own .bz2 file. You can then use bzip2 -t to test
the integrity of the resulting files, and decompress those
which are undamaged.
bzip2recover takes a single argument, the name of the dam-
aged file, and writes a number of files "rec0001file.bz2",
"rec0002file.bz2", etc, containing the extracted blocks.
The output filenames are designed so that the use of
wildcards in subsequent processing -- for example, "bzip2
-dc rec*file.bz2 &#62; recovered_data" -- lists the files in
the "right" order.
bzip2recover should be of most use dealing with large .bz2
files, as these will contain many blocks. It is clearly
futile to use it on damaged single-block files, since a
damaged block cannot be recovered. If you wish to min-
imise any potential data loss through media or transmis-
sion errors, you might consider compressing with a smaller
block size.
PERFORMANCE NOTES
The sorting phase of compression gathers together similar
strings in the file. Because of this, files containing
very long runs of repeated symbols, like "aabaabaabaab
..." (repeated several hundred times) may compress
extraordinarily slowly. You can use the -vvvvv option to
monitor progress in great detail, if you want. Decompres-
sion speed is unaffected.
Such pathological cases seem rare in practice, appearing
mostly in artificially-constructed test files, and in low-
level disk images. It may be inadvisable to use bzip2 to
compress the latter. If you do get a file which causes
severe slowness in compression, try making the block size
as small as possible, with flag -1.
bzip2 usually allocates several megabytes of memory to
operate in, and then charges all over it in a fairly ran-
dom fashion. This means that performance, both for com-
pressing and decompressing, is largely determined by the
speed at which your machine can service cache misses.
Because of this, small changes to the code to reduce the
miss rate have been observed to give disproportionately
large performance improvements. I imagine bzip2 will per-
form best on machines with very large caches.
CAVEATS
I/O error messages are not as helpful as they could be.
Bzip2 tries hard to detect I/O errors and exit cleanly,
but the details of what the problem is sometimes seem
rather misleading.
This manual page pertains to version 0.9.0 of bzip2. Com-
pressed data created by this version is entirely forwards
and backwards compatible with the previous public release,
version 0.1pl2, but with the following exception: 0.9.0
can correctly decompress multiple concatenated compressed
files. 0.1pl2 cannot do this; it will stop after decom-
pressing just the first file in the stream.
Wildcard expansion for Windows 95 and NT is flaky.
bzip2recover uses 32-bit integers to represent bit posi-
tions in compressed files, so it cannot handle compressed
files more than 512 megabytes long. This could easily be
fixed.
AUTHOR
Julian Seward, jseward@acm.org.
The ideas embodied in bzip2 are due to (at least) the fol-
lowing people: Michael Burrows and David Wheeler (for the
block sorting transformation), David Wheeler (again, for
the Huffman coder), Peter Fenwick (for the structured cod-
ing model in the original bzip, and many refinements), and
Alistair Moffat, Radford Neal and Ian Witten (for the
arithmetic coder in the original bzip). I am much
indebted for their help, support and advice. See the man-
ual in the source distribution for pointers to sources of
documentation. Christian von Roques encouraged me to look
for faster sorting algorithms, so as to speed up compres-
sion. Bela Lubkin encouraged me to improve the worst-case
compression performance. Many people sent patches, helped
with portability problems, lent machines, gave advice and
were generally helpful.
</PRE>
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<P><HR><P>
<H1><A NAME="SEC33" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC33">Miscellanea</A></H1>
<P>
These are just some random thoughts of mine. Your mileage may
vary.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC34" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC34">Limitations of the compressed file format</A></H2>
<P>
<CODE>bzip2-0.9.0</CODE> uses exactly the same file format as the previous
version, <CODE>bzip2-0.1</CODE>. This decision was made in the interests of
stability. Creating yet another incompatible compressed file format
would create further confusion and disruption for users.
</P>
<P>
Nevertheless, this is not a painless decision. Development
work since the release of <CODE>bzip2-0.1</CODE> in August 1997
has shown complexities in the file format which slow down
decompression and, in retrospect, are unnecessary. These are:
<UL>
<LI>The run-length encoder, which is the first of the
compression transformations, is entirely irrelevant.
The original purpose was to protect the sorting algorithm
from the very worst case input: a string of repeated
symbols. But algorithm steps Q6a and Q6b in the original
Burrows-Wheeler technical report (SRC-124) show how
repeats can be handled without difficulty in block
sorting.
<LI>The randomisation mechanism doesn't really need to be
there. Udi Manber and Gene Myers published a suffix
array construction algorithm a few years back, which
can be employed to sort any block, no matter how
repetitive, in O(N log N) time. Subsequent work by
Kunihiko Sadakane has produced a derivative O(N (log N)^2)
algorithm which usually outperforms the Manber-Myers
algorithm.
I could have changed to Sadakane's algorithm, but I find
it to be slower than <CODE>bzip2</CODE>'s existing algorithm for
most inputs, and the randomisation mechanism protects
adequately against bad cases. I didn't think it was
a good tradeoff to make. Partly this is due to the fact
that I was not flooded with email complaints about
<CODE>bzip2-0.1</CODE>'s performance on repetitive data, so
perhaps it isn't a problem for real inputs.
Probably the best long-term solution
is to use the existing sorting
algorithm initially, and fall back to a O(N (log N)^2)
algorithm if the standard algorithm gets into difficulties.
This can be done without much difficulty; I made
a prototype implementation of it some months now.
<LI>The compressed file format was never designed to be
handled by a library, and I have had to jump though
some hoops to produce an efficient implementation of
decompression. It's a bit hairy. Try passing
<CODE>decompress.c</CODE> through the C preprocessor
and you'll see what I mean. Much of this complexity
could have been avoided if the compressed size of
each block of data was recorded in the data stream.
<LI>An Adler-32 checksum, rather than a CRC32 checksum,
would be faster to compute.
</UL>
<P>
It would be fair to say that the <CODE>bzip2</CODE> format was frozen
before I properly and fully understood the performance
consequences of doing so.
</P>
<P>
Improvements which I have been able to incorporate into
0.9.0, despite using the same file format, are:
<UL>
<LI>Single array implementation of the inverse BWT. This
significantly speeds up decompression, presumably
because it reduces the number of cache misses.
<LI>Faster inverse MTF transform for large MTF values. The
new implementation is based on the notion of sliding blocks
of values.
<LI><CODE>bzip2-0.9.0</CODE> now reads and writes files with <CODE>fread</CODE>
and <CODE>fwrite</CODE>; version 0.1 used <CODE>putc</CODE> and <CODE>getc</CODE>.
Duh! I'm embarrassed at my own moronicness (moronicity?) on this
one.
</UL>
<P>
Further ahead, it would be nice
to be able to do random access into files. This will
require some careful design of compressed file formats.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC35" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC35">Portability issues</A></H2>
<P>
After some consideration, I have decided not to use
GNU <CODE>autoconf</CODE> to configure 0.9.0.
</P>
<P>
<CODE>autoconf</CODE>, admirable and wonderful though it is,
mainly assists with portability problems between Unix-like
platforms. But <CODE>bzip2</CODE> doesn't have much in the way
of portability problems on Unix; most of the difficulties appear
when porting to the Mac, or to Microsoft's operating systems.
<CODE>autoconf</CODE> doesn't help in those cases, and brings in a
whole load of new complexity.
</P>
<P>
Most people should be able to compile the library and program
under Unix straight out-of-the-box, so to speak, especially
if you have a version of GNU C available.
</P>
<P>
There are a couple of <CODE>__inline__</CODE> directives in the code. GNU C
(<CODE>gcc</CODE>) should be able to handle them. If your compiler doesn't
like them, just <CODE>#define</CODE> <CODE>__inline__</CODE> to be null. One
easy way to do this is to compile with the flag <CODE>-D__inline__=</CODE>,
which should be understood by most Unix compilers.
</P>
<P>
If you still have difficulties, try compiling with the macro
<CODE>BZ_STRICT_ANSI</CODE> defined. This should enable you to build the
library in a strictly ANSI compliant environment. Building the program
itself like this is dangerous and not supported, since you remove
<CODE>bzip2</CODE>'s checks against compressing directories, symbolic links,
devices, and other not-really-a-file entities. This could cause
filesystem corruption!
</P>
<P>
One other thing: if you create a <CODE>bzip2</CODE> binary for public
distribution, please try and link it statically (<CODE>gcc -s</CODE>). This
avoids all sorts of library-version issues that others may encounter
later on.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC36" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC36">Reporting bugs</A></H2>
<P>
I tried pretty hard to make sure <CODE>bzip2</CODE> is
bug free, both by design and by testing. Hopefully
you'll never need to read this section for real.
</P>
<P>
Nevertheless, if <CODE>bzip2</CODE> dies with a segmentation
fault, a bus error or an internal assertion failure, it
will ask you to email me a bug report. Experience with
version 0.1 shows that almost all these problems can
be traced to either compiler bugs or hardware problems.
<UL>
<LI>
Recompile the program with no optimisation, and see if it
works. And/or try a different compiler.
I heard all sorts of stories about various flavours
of GNU C (and other compilers) generating bad code for
<CODE>bzip2</CODE>, and I've run across two such examples myself.
2.7.X versions of GNU C are known to generate bad code from
time to time, at high optimisation levels.
If you get problems, try using the flags
<CODE>-O2</CODE> <CODE>-fomit-frame-pointer</CODE> <CODE>-fno-strength-reduce</CODE>.
You should specifically <EM>not</EM> use <CODE>-funroll-loops</CODE>.
You may notice that the Makefile runs four tests as part of
the build process. If the program passes all of these, it's
a pretty good (but not 100%) indication that the compiler has
done its job correctly.
<LI>
If <CODE>bzip2</CODE> crashes randomly, and the crashes are not
repeatable, you may have a flaky memory subsystem. <CODE>bzip2</CODE>
really hammers your memory hierarchy, and if it's a bit marginal,
you may get these problems. Ditto if your disk or I/O subsystem
is slowly failing. Yup, this really does happen.
Try using a different machine of the same type, and see if
you can repeat the problem.
<LI>This isn't really a bug, but ... If <CODE>bzip2</CODE> tells
you your file is corrupted on decompression, and you
obtained the file via FTP, there is a possibility that you
forgot to tell FTP to do a binary mode transfer. That absolutely
will cause the file to be non-decompressible. You'll have to transfer
it again.
</UL>
<P>
If you've incorporated <CODE>libbzip2</CODE> into your own program
and are getting problems, please, please, please, check that the
parameters you are passing in calls to the library, are
correct, and in accordance with what the documentation says
is allowable. I have tried to make the library robust against
such problems, but I'm sure I haven't succeeded.
</P>
<P>
Finally, if the above comments don't help, you'll have to send
me a bug report. Now, it's just amazing how many people will
send me a bug report saying something like
<PRE>
bzip2 crashed with segmentation fault on my machine
</PRE>
<P>
and absolutely nothing else. Needless to say, a such a report
is <EM>totally, utterly, completely and comprehensively 100% useless;
a waste of your time, my time, and net bandwidth</EM>.
With no details at all, there's no way I can possibly begin
to figure out what the problem is.
</P>
<P>
The rules of the game are: facts, facts, facts. Don't omit
them because "oh, they won't be relevant". At the bare
minimum:
<PRE>
Machine type. Operating system version.
Exact version of <CODE>bzip2</CODE> (do <CODE>bzip2 -V</CODE>).
Exact version of the compiler used.
Flags passed to the compiler.
</PRE>
<P>
However, the most important single thing that will help me is
the file that you were trying to compress or decompress at the
time the problem happened. Without that, my ability to do anything
more than speculate about the cause, is limited.
</P>
<P>
Please remember that I connect to the Internet with a modem, so
you should contact me before mailing me huge files.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC37" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC37">Did you get the right package?</A></H2>
<P>
<CODE>bzip2</CODE> is a resource hog. It soaks up large amounts of CPU cycles
and memory. Also, it gives very large latencies. In the worst case, you
can feed many megabytes of uncompressed data into the library before
getting any compressed output, so this probably rules out applications
requiring interactive behaviour.
</P>
<P>
These aren't faults of my implementation, I hope, but more
an intrinsic property of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (unfortunately).
Maybe this isn't what you want.
</P>
<P>
If you want a compressor and/or library which is faster, uses less
memory but gets pretty good compression, and has minimal latency,
consider Jean-loup
Gailly's and Mark Adler's work, <CODE>zlib-1.1.2</CODE> and
<CODE>gzip-1.2.4</CODE>. Look for them at
<CODE>http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib</CODE> and
<CODE>http://www.gzip.org</CODE> respectively.
</P>
<P>
For something faster and lighter still, you might try Markus F X J
Oberhumer's <CODE>LZO</CODE> real-time compression/decompression library, at
<BR> <CODE>http://wildsau.idv.uni-linz.ac.at/mfx/lzo.html</CODE>.
</P>
<P>
If you want to use the <CODE>bzip2</CODE> algorithms to compress small blocks
of data, 64k bytes or smaller, for example on an on-the-fly disk
compressor, you'd be well advised not to use this library. Instead,
I've made a special library tuned for that kind of use. It's part of
<CODE>e2compr-0.40</CODE>, an on-the-fly disk compressor for the Linux
<CODE>ext2</CODE> filesystem. Look at
<CODE>http://www.netspace.net.au/~reiter/e2compr</CODE>.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC38" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC38">Testing</A></H2>
<P>
A record of the tests I've done.
</P>
<P>
First, some data sets:
<UL>
<LI>B: a directory containing a 6001 files, one for every length in the
range 0 to 6000 bytes. The files contain random lowercase
letters. 18.7 megabytes.
<LI>H: my home directory tree. Documents, source code, mail files,
compressed data. H contains B, and also a directory of
files designed as boundary cases for the sorting; mostly very
repetitive, nasty files. 445 megabytes.
<LI>A: directory tree holding various applications built from source:
<CODE>egcs-1.0.2</CODE>, <CODE>gcc-2.8.1</CODE>, KDE Beta 4, GTK, Octave, etc.
827 megabytes.
<LI>P: directory tree holding large amounts of source code (<CODE>.tar</CODE>
files) of the entire GNU distribution, plus a couple of
Linux distributions. 2400 megabytes.
</UL>
<P>
The tests conducted are as follows. Each test means compressing
(a copy of) each file in the data set, decompressing it and
comparing it against the original.
</P>
<P>
First, a bunch of tests with block sizes, internal buffer
sizes and randomisation lengths set very small,
to detect any problems with the
blocking, buffering and randomisation mechanisms.
This required modifying the source code so as to try to
break it.
<OL>
<LI>Data set H, with
buffer size of 1 byte, and block size of 23 bytes.
<LI>Data set B, buffer sizes 1 byte, block size 1 byte.
<LI>As (2) but small-mode decompression (first 1700 files).
<LI>As (2) with block size 2 bytes.
<LI>As (2) with block size 3 bytes.
<LI>As (2) with block size 4 bytes.
<LI>As (2) with block size 5 bytes.
<LI>As (2) with block size 6 bytes and small-mode decompression.
<LI>H with normal buffer sizes (5000 bytes), normal block
size (up to 900000 bytes), but with randomisation
mechanism running intensely (randomising approximately every
third byte).
<LI>As (9) with small-mode decompression.
</OL>
<P>
Then some tests with unmodified source code.
<OL>
<LI>H, all settings normal.
<LI>As (1), with small-mode decompress.
<LI>H, compress with flag <CODE>-1</CODE>.
<LI>H, compress with flag <CODE>-s</CODE>, decompress with flag <CODE>-s</CODE>.
<LI>Forwards compatibility: H, <CODE>bzip2-0.1pl2</CODE> compressing,
<CODE>bzip2-0.9.0</CODE> decompressing, all settings normal.
<LI>Backwards compatibility: H, <CODE>bzip2-0.9.0</CODE> compressing,
<CODE>bzip2-0.1pl2</CODE> decompressing, all settings normal.
<LI>Bigger tests: A, all settings normal.
<LI>P, all settings normal.
<LI>Misc test: about 100 megabytes of <CODE>.tar</CODE> files with
<CODE>bzip2</CODE> compiled with Purify.
<LI>Misc tests to make sure it builds and runs ok on non-Linux/x86
platforms.
</OL>
<P>
These tests were conducted on a 205 MHz Cyrix 6x86MX machine, running
Linux 2.0.32. They represent nearly a week of continuous computation.
All tests completed successfully.
</P>
<H2><A NAME="SEC39" HREF="manual_toc.html#TOC39">Further reading</A></H2>
<P>
<CODE>bzip2</CODE> is not research work, in the sense that it doesn't present
any new ideas. Rather, it's an engineering exercise based on existing
ideas.
</P>
<P>
Four documents describe essentially all the ideas behind <CODE>bzip2</CODE>:
<PRE>
Michael Burrows and D. J. Wheeler:
"A block-sorting lossless data compression algorithm"
10th May 1994.
Digital SRC Research Report 124.
ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/SRC-124.ps.gz
If you have trouble finding it, try searching at the
New Zealand Digital Library, http://www.nzdl.org.
Daniel S. Hirschberg and Debra A. LeLewer
"Efficient Decoding of Prefix Codes"
Communications of the ACM, April 1990, Vol 33, Number 4.
You might be able to get an electronic copy of this
from the ACM Digital Library.
David J. Wheeler
Program bred3.c and accompanying document bred3.ps.
This contains the idea behind the multi-table Huffman
coding scheme.
ftp://ftp.cl.cam.ac.uk/pub/user/djw3/
Jon L. Bentley and Robert Sedgewick
"Fast Algorithms for Sorting and Searching Strings"
Available from Sedgewick's web page,
www.cs.princeton.edu/~rs
</PRE>
<P>
The following paper gives valuable additional insights into the
algorithm, but is not immediately the basis of any code
used in bzip2.
<PRE>
Peter Fenwick:
Block Sorting Text Compression
Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Computer Science Conference,
Melbourne, Australia. Jan 31 - Feb 2, 1996.
ftp://ftp.cs.auckland.ac.nz/pub/peter-f/ACSC96paper.ps
</PRE>
<P>
Kunihiko Sadakane's sorting algorithm, mentioned above,
is available from:
<PRE>
http://naomi.is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sada/papers/Sada98b.ps.gz
</PRE>
<P>
The Manber-Myers suffix array construction
algorithm is described in a paper
available from:
<PRE>
http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/gene/PAPERS/suffix.ps
</PRE>
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<H1>bzip2 and libbzip2</H1>
<H2>a program and library for data compression</H2>
<H2>copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian Seward</H2>
<H2>version 0.9.0 of 23 August 1998</H2>
<ADDRESS>Julian Seward</ADDRESS>
<P>
<P><HR><P>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC1" HREF="manual_1.html#SEC1">Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC2" HREF="manual_2.html#SEC2">How to use <CODE>bzip2</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC3" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC3">Programming with <CODE>libbzip2</CODE></A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC4" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC4">Top-level structure</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC5" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC5">Low-level summary</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC6" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC6">High-level summary</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC7" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC7">Utility functions summary</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC8" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC8">Error handling</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC9" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC9">Low-level interface</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC10" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC10"><CODE>bzCompressInit</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC11" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC11"><CODE>bzCompress</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC12" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC12"><CODE>bzCompressEnd</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC13" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC13"><CODE>bzDecompressInit</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC14" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC14"><CODE>bzDecompress</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC15" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC15"><CODE>bzDecompressEnd</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC16" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC16">High-level interface</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC17" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC17"><CODE>bzReadOpen</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC18" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC18"><CODE>bzRead</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC19" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC19"><CODE>bzReadGetUnused</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC20" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC20"><CODE>bzReadClose</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC21" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC21"><CODE>bzWriteOpen</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC22" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC22"><CODE>bzWrite</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC23" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC23"><CODE>bzWriteClose</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC24" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC24">Handling embedded compressed data streams</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC25" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC25">Standard file-reading/writing code</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC26" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC26">Utility functions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC27" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC27"><CODE>bzBuffToBuffCompress</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC28" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC28"><CODE>bzBuffToBuffDecompress</CODE></A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC29" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC29">Using the library in a <CODE>stdio</CODE>-free environment</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC30" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC30">Getting rid of <CODE>stdio</CODE></A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC31" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC31">Critical error handling</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC32" HREF="manual_3.html#SEC32">Making a Windows DLL</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC33" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC33">Miscellanea</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="TOC34" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC34">Limitations of the compressed file format</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC35" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC35">Portability issues</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC36" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC36">Reporting bugs</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC37" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC37">Did you get the right package?</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC38" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC38">Testing</A>
<LI><A NAME="TOC39" HREF="manual_4.html#SEC39">Further reading</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P><HR><P>
This document was generated on 23 August 1998 using the
<A HREF="http://wwwcn.cern.ch/dci/texi2html/">texi2html</A>
translator version 1.51.</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Table for randomising repetitive blocks ---*/
/*--- randtable.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--
This file is a part of bzip2 and/or libbzip2, a program and
library for lossless, block-sorting data compression.
Copyright (C) 1996-1998 Julian R Seward. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
not be misrepresented as being the original software.
4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Julian Seward, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
jseward@acm.org
bzip2/libbzip2 version 0.9.0 of 28 June 1998
This program is based on (at least) the work of:
Mike Burrows
David Wheeler
Peter Fenwick
Alistair Moffat
Radford Neal
Ian H. Witten
Robert Sedgewick
Jon L. Bentley
For more information on these sources, see the manual.
--*/
#include "bzlib_private.h"
/*---------------------------------------------*/
Int32 rNums[512] = {
619, 720, 127, 481, 931, 816, 813, 233, 566, 247,
985, 724, 205, 454, 863, 491, 741, 242, 949, 214,
733, 859, 335, 708, 621, 574, 73, 654, 730, 472,
419, 436, 278, 496, 867, 210, 399, 680, 480, 51,
878, 465, 811, 169, 869, 675, 611, 697, 867, 561,
862, 687, 507, 283, 482, 129, 807, 591, 733, 623,
150, 238, 59, 379, 684, 877, 625, 169, 643, 105,
170, 607, 520, 932, 727, 476, 693, 425, 174, 647,
73, 122, 335, 530, 442, 853, 695, 249, 445, 515,
909, 545, 703, 919, 874, 474, 882, 500, 594, 612,
641, 801, 220, 162, 819, 984, 589, 513, 495, 799,
161, 604, 958, 533, 221, 400, 386, 867, 600, 782,
382, 596, 414, 171, 516, 375, 682, 485, 911, 276,
98, 553, 163, 354, 666, 933, 424, 341, 533, 870,
227, 730, 475, 186, 263, 647, 537, 686, 600, 224,
469, 68, 770, 919, 190, 373, 294, 822, 808, 206,
184, 943, 795, 384, 383, 461, 404, 758, 839, 887,
715, 67, 618, 276, 204, 918, 873, 777, 604, 560,
951, 160, 578, 722, 79, 804, 96, 409, 713, 940,
652, 934, 970, 447, 318, 353, 859, 672, 112, 785,
645, 863, 803, 350, 139, 93, 354, 99, 820, 908,
609, 772, 154, 274, 580, 184, 79, 626, 630, 742,
653, 282, 762, 623, 680, 81, 927, 626, 789, 125,
411, 521, 938, 300, 821, 78, 343, 175, 128, 250,
170, 774, 972, 275, 999, 639, 495, 78, 352, 126,
857, 956, 358, 619, 580, 124, 737, 594, 701, 612,
669, 112, 134, 694, 363, 992, 809, 743, 168, 974,
944, 375, 748, 52, 600, 747, 642, 182, 862, 81,
344, 805, 988, 739, 511, 655, 814, 334, 249, 515,
897, 955, 664, 981, 649, 113, 974, 459, 893, 228,
433, 837, 553, 268, 926, 240, 102, 654, 459, 51,
686, 754, 806, 760, 493, 403, 415, 394, 687, 700,
946, 670, 656, 610, 738, 392, 760, 799, 887, 653,
978, 321, 576, 617, 626, 502, 894, 679, 243, 440,
680, 879, 194, 572, 640, 724, 926, 56, 204, 700,
707, 151, 457, 449, 797, 195, 791, 558, 945, 679,
297, 59, 87, 824, 713, 663, 412, 693, 342, 606,
134, 108, 571, 364, 631, 212, 174, 643, 304, 329,
343, 97, 430, 751, 497, 314, 983, 374, 822, 928,
140, 206, 73, 263, 980, 736, 876, 478, 430, 305,
170, 514, 364, 692, 829, 82, 855, 953, 676, 246,
369, 970, 294, 750, 807, 827, 150, 790, 288, 923,
804, 378, 215, 828, 592, 281, 565, 555, 710, 82,
896, 831, 547, 261, 524, 462, 293, 465, 502, 56,
661, 821, 976, 991, 658, 869, 905, 758, 745, 193,
768, 550, 608, 933, 378, 286, 215, 979, 792, 961,
61, 688, 793, 644, 986, 403, 106, 366, 905, 644,
372, 567, 466, 434, 645, 210, 389, 550, 919, 135,
780, 773, 635, 389, 707, 100, 626, 958, 165, 504,
920, 176, 193, 713, 857, 265, 203, 50, 668, 108,
645, 990, 626, 197, 510, 357, 358, 850, 858, 364,
936, 638
};
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end randtable.c ---*/
/*-------------------------------------------------------------*/

BIN
lib/libbz2/sample1.bz2 Normal file

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BIN
lib/libbz2/sample1.ref Normal file

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BIN
lib/libbz2/sample2.bz2 Normal file

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BIN
lib/libbz2/sample2.ref Normal file

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Doing 4 tests (2 compress, 2 uncompress) ...
If there's a problem, things might stop at this point.

5
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Checking test results. If any of the four "cmp"s which follow
report any differences, something is wrong. If you can't easily
figure out what, please let me know (jseward@acm.org).

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If you got this far and the "cmp"s didn't find anything amiss, looks
like you're in business. You should install bzip2, bunzip2 and bzcat:
Copy bzip2 and bzip2recover to a public place, maybe /usr/bin.
In that public place, make bunzip2 and bzcat be
symbolic links to the bzip2 you just copied there.
Put the manual page, bzip2.1, somewhere appropriate;
perhaps in /usr/man/man1.
Instructions for use are in the preformatted manual page, in the file
bzip2.txt. For more detailed documentation, read the full manual.
It is available in Postscript form (manual.ps) and HTML form
(manual_toc.html).
You can also do "bzip2 --help" to see some helpful information.
"bzip2 -L" displays the software license.
Happy compressing. -- JRS, 30 August 1998.