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October 29, 2001 BUILDING 8 NetBSD
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<h3>
NAME
</h3>
<b>BUILDING</b>
- Procedure for building
NetBSD
from source code.
<h3>
STATUS
</h3>
This document is a work-in-progress. As such, the information described
here may not match the reality of the build system as of this writing.
Once this document is completely in sync with reality, this paragraph
will be removed.
<p>
Discrepancies between this documentation and the current reality of
implementation are noted specially, as with the note below:
<p>
<em></em><em>Note</em>:
This document applies only to platforms which use the new toolchain as
indicated by the setting of
<b></b><b>USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN</b>
in
<b></b><b>/etc/mk.conf</b>
or
&lt;bsd.own.mk&gt;.
Platforms which have not yet been switched to the new toolchain should
continue building traditionally, using the notes specified in the file
<b></b><b>UPDATING</b>.
<h3>
REQUIREMENTS
</h3>
NetBSD
is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems.
The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling
<em></em><em>natively</em>
(on the same
NetBSD
architecture) or
<em></em><em>cross</em><em> compiling</em>
(on another architecture or OS).
<p>
This source tree contains a special subtree,
``tools'',
which uses the host system to create a build toolchain for the target
architecture. The host system must have at least C and C++
compilers in order to create the toolchain
<b>(</b><b>make</b>
is not required); all other tools are created as part of the
NetBSD
build process.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><dd>
<pre>
<em></em><em>Note</em>:
A couple host toolchain components are not yet available in the tools
directory. Also, some tools use non-POSIX, non-ANSI C extensions
and need to be standardized. As a result, cross-compiling from
systems other than
NetBSD
is not currently supported.
</pre>
</dl>
<h3>
FILES
</h3>
<h4>
<a name="Source tree layout">
Source tree layout
</a>
</h4>
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>BUILDING</b><dd>
This document (in formatted plaintext).
<p><dt><b></b><b>BUILDING.mdoc</b><dd>
This document (in -mdoc troff format).
<p><dt><b></b><b>Makefile</b><dd>
The main Makefile for
NetBSD;
should only be run for native builds with an appropriately up-to-date
version of
NetBSD
<code>make(1)</code>.
(For building from out-of-date systems or on a non-native host, see the
<b>build.sh</b>
shell script.)
<p><dt><b></b><b>UPDATING</b><dd>
Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of
NetBSD.
It is important to read this file before every build of an updated
source tree.
<p><dt><b></b><b>build.sh</b><dd>
Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host build tools
and the
NetBSD
system from scratch. Can be used for both native and cross builds, and
should be used instead of
<code>make(1)</code>
for any source tree that is updated and recompiled regularly.
<p><dt><b></b><b>crypto/dist/</b>,<b> dist/</b>,<b> gnu/dist/</b><dd>
Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without mangling the
existing build structure. Other source trees in
<b></b><b>bin</b>
through
<b></b><b>usr.sbin</b>
use the
NetBSD
<code>make(1)</code>
``reachover''
Makefile semantics when building these programs for a native host.
<p><dt><b></b><b>distrib/</b>,<b> etc/</b><dd>
Sources for items used when making a full release snapshot, such as
files installed in
<b></b><b>/etc</b>
on the destination system, boot media, and release notes.
<p><dt><b></b><b>regress/</b><dd>
Regression test harness. Can be cross-compiled, but only run natively.
<p><dt><b></b><b>sys/</b><dd>
NetBSD
kernel sources.
<p><dt><b></b><b>tools/</b><dd>
``Reachover''
build structure for the host build tools. This has a special method of
determining out-of-date status.
<p><dt><b></b><b>bin/</b><b> ...</b><b> usr.sbin/</b><dd>
Sources to the
NetBSD
userland (non-kernel) programs. If any of these directories are
missing, they will be skipped during the build.
</dl>
<h4>
<a name="Build tree layout">
Build tree layout
</a>
</h4>
The
NetBSD
build tree is described in
<code>hier(7)</code>,
and the release layout is described in
<code>release(7)</code>.
<p>
<h3>
CONFIGURATION
</h3>
<h4>
<a name="make variables">
make variables
</a>
</h4>
Several variables control the behavior of
NetBSD
builds. Unless otherwise specified, these variables may be set in
either the process environment or the
<code>make(1)</code>
configuration file specified by
<b></b><b>MAKECONF</b>.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>DESTDIR</b><dd>
Directory to contain the built
NetBSD
system. If set, special options are passed to the compilation tools to
prevent their default use of the host system's
<b></b><b>/usr/include</b>,<b> /usr/lib</b>,
and so forth. This pathname should
<em></em><em>not</em>
end with a slash
(/)
character (for installation into the system's root directory, set
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>
to an empty string).
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Empty string if
<b></b><b>USETOOLS</b>
is
``yes'';
unset otherwise.
<p><dt><b></b><b>MAKECONF</b><dd>
The name of the
<code>make(1)</code>
configuration file.
<em></em><em>Only</em><em> settable</em><em> in</em><em> the</em><em> process</em><em> environment.</em>
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``/etc/mk.conf''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKCATPAGES</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether preformatted plaintext manual pages will be created
during a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKCRYPTO</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether cryptographic code will be included in a build;
provided for the benefit of countries that do not allow strong
cryptography. Will not affect use of the standard low-security password
encryption system,
<code>crypt(3)</code>.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKDOC</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether system documentation destined for
<b></b><b>/usr/share/doc</b>
will be installed during a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKINFO</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether GNU Info files, used for the documentation for
most of the compilation tools, will be created and installed during a
build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKLINT</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether
<code>lint(1)</code>
will be run against portions of the
NetBSD
source code during the build, and whether lint libraries will be
installed into
<b></b><b>/usr/libdata/lint</b>.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKMAN</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether manual pages will be installed during a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKNLS</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether Native Language System locale zone files will be
compiled and installed during a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKOBJ</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether object directories will be created when running
``make obj''.
If set to
``no'',
then all built files will be located inside the regular source tree.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKPIC</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether shared objects and libraries will be created and
installed during a build. If set to
``no'',
the entire built system will be statically linked.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Platform dependent. As of this writing, all platforms except
<b></b><b>sh3</b>
default to
``yes''.
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKPICINSTALL</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether the
<code>ar(1)</code>
format libraries
<b></b>(<b>lib*_pic.a</b>),
used to generate shared libraries, are installed during a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKPROFILE</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether profiled libraries
<b></b>(<b>lib*_p.a</b>)
will be built and installed during a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes'';
however, some platforms turn off
<b></b><b>MKPROFILE</b>
by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled code.
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKSHARE</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether files destined to reside in
<b></b><b>/usr/share</b>
will be built and installed during a build. If set to
``no'',
then all of
<b></b><b>MKCATPAGES</b>,<b> MKDOC</b>,<b> MKINFO</b>,<b> MKMAN</b>,
and
<b></b><b>MKNLS</b>
will be set to
``no''
unconditionally.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b><dd>
Directory to hold the host tools, once built. This directory should be
unique to a given host system and
NetBSD
source tree. (However, multiple targets may share the same
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>;
the target-dependent files have unique names.) Must be set if USETOOLS
is
``yes''.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>UPDATE</b><dd>
If set, then all install operations intended to write to
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>
will compare file timestamps before installing, and skip the install
phase if the destination files are up-to-date. This also has
implications on full builds (see next subsection).
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>USETOOLS</b><dd>
Indicates whether the tools specified by
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>
should be used as part of a build in progress. Must be set to
``yes''
if cross-compiling.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>yes</b><dd>
Use the tools from
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>.
<p><dt><b></b><b>no</b><dd>
Do not use the tools from
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>,
but refuse to build native compilation tool components that are
version-specific for that tool.
<p><dt><b></b><b>never</b><dd>
Do not use the tools from
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>,
even when building native tool components. This is similar to the
traditional
NetBSD
build method, but does
<em></em><em>not</em>
verify that the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in order
to build the tree successfully. This may cause build or runtime
problems when building the whole
NetBSD
source tree.
</dl>
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
if building all or part of a whole
NetBSD
source tree (detected automatically);
``no''
otherwise (to preserve traditional semantics of the
&lt;bsd.*.mk&gt;
<code>make(1)</code>
include files).
<p>
<em></em><em>Note</em>:
Currently, the
``no''
option functions similarly to the
``never''
option. Proper checks will be added in the near future to add the
described functionality for version-specific tool components.
</dl>
<h4>
<a name="make variables for full builds">
make variables for full builds
</a>
</h4>
These variables only affect the top level
``Makefile''
and do not manually building subtrees of the
NetBSD
source code.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKOBJDIRS</b><dd>
Can be set to
``yes''
or
``no''.
Indicates whether object directories will be created automatically
(via a
``make obj''
pass) at the start of a build.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``yes''
<p><dt><b></b><b>MKTOOLS</b><dd>
Indicates whether the host tools will be built and installed
automatically if they are out-of-date.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>yes</b><dd>
Build tools as needed into
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>,
but only if the tools in question are out-of-date.
<p><dt><b></b><b>no</b><dd>
Do not update the tools in
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>;
halt the build as a safety precaution if tools are out-of-date.
<p><dt><b></b><b>always</b><dd>
Always rebuild the tools in
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>
from scratch during a build. This is similar to the standard
NetBSD
source tree build method, but is not typically required for host tools.
</dl>
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
``no''
<p><dt><b></b><b>NBUILDJOBS</b><dd>
If set, specifies the number of parallel
<code>make(1)</code>
processes that should be run simultaneously. This can speed up builds
on SMP machines, or machines with much more CPU power than I/O
availability. This should be used
<em></em><em>instead</em>
of the
<code>make(1)</code>
option
<b></b><b>-j</b>,
in order to ensure proper ordering of build components.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>NOCLEANDIR</b><dd>
If set, avoids the
``make cleandir''
phase of a full build. This has the effect of allowing only changed
files in a source tree to be recompiled. This can speed up builds when
updating only a few files in the tree.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>NODISTRIBDIRS</b><dd>
If set, avoids the
``make distrib-dirs''
phase of a full build. This skips running
<code>mtree(1)</code>
on
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>,
useful on systems where building as an unprivileged user, or where it is
known that the system-wide mtree files have not changed.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>NOINCLUDES</b><dd>
If set, avoids the
``make includes''
phase of a full build. This has the effect of preventing
<code>make(1)</code>
from thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply because the
system include files have changed. However, this option should not be
used when updating the entire
NetBSD
source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use
<b></b><b>UPDATE</b>
in that case.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>RELEASEDIR</b><dd>
If set, specifies the directory to which a
<code>release(7)</code>
layout will be written at the end of a
``make release''.
<p>
<em></em><em>Default</em>:
Unset.
<p><dt><b></b><b>UPDATE</b><dd>
If set, then in addition to the effects described for UPDATE above, this
implies the effects of
<b></b><b>NOCLEANDIR</b>.
</dl>
<h3>
BUILDING
</h3>
<h4>
<a name="make command line options">
make command line options
</a>
</h4>
This is only a summary of options available to
<code>make(1)</code>;
only the options used most frequently with
NetBSD
builds are listed here.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>-m</b><em></em><em> dir</em><dd>
Specify the default directory for searching for system Makefile
segments, mainly the
&lt;bsd.*.mk&gt;
files. When building any full
NetBSD
source tree, this should be set to the
``share/mk''
directory in the source tree. (This is set automatically when building
from the top level.)
<p><dt><b></b><b>-n</b><dd>
Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
actually execute them. This will still cause recursion to take place.
<p><dt><b></b><b>-v</b><em></em><em> var</em><dd>
Print
<code>make(1)</code>'s
idea of the value of
<em></em><em>var</em>.
Does not build any targets.
<p><dt><em></em><em>var=value</em><dd>
Set the variable
<em></em><em>var</em>
to
<em></em><em>value</em>,
overriding any setting specified by the process environment, the
<b></b><b>MAKECONF</b>
configuration file, or the system Makefile segments.
</dl>
<h4>
<a name="make targets">
make targets
</a>
</h4>
These default targets may be built by running
<code>make(1)</code>
in any subtree of the
NetBSD
source code. It is recommended that none of these be used from the top
level Makefile; as a specific exception,
``make obj''
and
``make cleandir''
are useful in that context.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>all</b><dd>
Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation.
<p><dt><b></b><b>clean</b><dd>
Remove program and library object code files.
<p><dt><b></b><b>cleandir</b><dd>
Same as
<b></b><b>clean</b>,
but also remove preformatted documentation, dependency files generated
by
``make depend'',
and any other files known to be created at build time.
``make distclean''
may be used as a synonym, for familiarity with a similar well-known
convention.
<p><dt><b></b><b>depend</b><dd>
Create dependency files
<b></b>(<b>.depend</b>)
containing more detailed information about the dependencies of source
code on header files. Allows programs to be recompiled automatically
when a dependency changes.
<p><dt><b></b><b>dependall</b><dd>
Does a
``make depend''
immediately followed by a
``make all''.
This combined target recurses as an atomic unit, so that the
``make depend''
phase can participate in
<b></b><b>make</b><b> -j</b>
parallelism.
<p><dt><b></b><b>includes</b><dd>
Build and install system header files. Typically needed before any
system libraries or programs can be built.
<p><dt><b></b><b>install</b><dd>
Install programs, libraries, and documentation into
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>.
<p><dt><b></b><b>lint</b><dd>
Run
<code>lint(1)</code>
against the C source code, where appropriate, and generate
system-installed lint libraries.
<p><dt><b></b><b>obj</b><dd>
Create object directories to be used for built files, instead of
building directly in the source tree.
<p><dt><b></b><b>tags</b><dd>
Create
<code>ctags(1)</code>
searchable function lists usable by the
<code>ex(1)</code>
and
<code>vi(1)</code>
text editors.
</dl>
<h4>
<a name="make targets for the top level">
make targets for the top level
</a>
</h4>
Additional
<code>make(1)</code>
targets are usable specifically from the top source level to facilitate
building the entire
NetBSD
source tree.
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>build</b><dd>
Build the entire
NetBSD
system. This orders portions of the source tree such that prerequisites
will be built in the proper order.
<p><dt><b></b><b>release</b><dd>
Do a
``make build'',
then package the system into a standard release layout as described by
<code>release(7)</code>.
This requires that
<b></b><b>RELEASEDIR</b>
be set (see above).
<p><dt><b></b><b>regression-tests</b><dd>
Can only be run after building the regression tests in the directory
``regress''.
Runs the compiled regression tests on the local host.
</dl>
<h4>
<a name="The build.sh script">
The build.sh script
</a>
</h4>
This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the
entire
NetBSD
system on any host with a Bourne shell in
<b></b><b>/bin/sh</b>,
including many that are not POSIX compliant. Note that if a host
system's
<b></b><b>/bin/sh</b>
is unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell
<b></b>(<b>/bin/ksh</b>),
if available, may be a usable alternative.
<p>
All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system
should make use of
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>
rather than just running
``make''.
This way, the
<code>make(1)</code>
program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host system has an
older or incompatible
``make''
program.
<p>
When compiling the entire system via
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>,
many
<code>make(1)</code>
variables are set for you in order to help encapsulate the build
process. In particular, both
<b></b><b>USETOOLS</b>
and
<b></b><b>MKTOOLS</b>
are set to
``yes'',
and
<b></b><b>MACHINE_ARCH</b>
(if unset) is deduced from the value of
<b></b><b>MACHINE</b>.
<p>
The variables
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>,<b> MACHINE</b>,<b> MACHINE_ARCH</b>,
and
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>
are required in order for
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>
to function, and thus they cannot be set in the configuration file
specified by
<b></b><b>MAKECONF</b>.
They may be set either in the process environment, or via command line
options to
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>.
<p>
The following are available command line options that may be supplied to
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>:
<dl compact>
<p><dt><b></b><b>-a</b><em></em><em> arch</em><dd>
Set the value of
<b></b><b>MACHINE_ARCH</b>
to
<em></em><em>arch</em>.
<p><dt><b></b><b>-D</b><em></em><em> dest</em><dd>
Set the value of
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>
to
<em></em><em>dest</em>.
<p><dt><b></b><b>-j</b><em></em><em> njob</em><dd>
Set the value of
<b></b><b>NBUILDJOBS</b>
to
<em></em><em>njob</em>.
This provides similar functionality to the familiar
``make -j'',
but preserves the ordering of the top level
``make build''.
<p><dt><b></b><b>-m</b><em></em><em> mach</em><dd>
Set the value of
<b></b><b>MACHINE</b>
to
<em></em><em>mach</em>.
This will also override any value of
<b></b><b>MACHINE_ARCH</b>
in the process environment with a value deduced from
<em></em><em>mach</em>,
unless
<b></b><b>-a</b>
is specified.
<p><dt><b></b><b>-R</b><em></em><em> rel</em><dd>
Set the value of
<b></b><b>RELEASEDIR</b>
to
<em></em><em>rel</em>.
Setting this option will make
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>
run
``make release''
instead of
``make build''.
<p><dt><b></b><b>-r</b><dd>
Remove the contents of
<b></b><b>DESTDIR</b>
and
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>
before building (provides a clean starting point).
<p><dt><b></b><b>-T</b><em></em><em> tools</em><dd>
Set the value of
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>
to
<em></em><em>tools</em>.
</dl>
<h3>
The nbmake-MACHINE wrapper script
</h3>
If using the
<b></b><b>build.sh</b>
script to build
NetBSD,
a
<b></b><b>nbmake-MACHINE</b>
script will be created in
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR/bin</b>
upon the first build to assist in building subtrees on a cross-compile
host.
<p>
<b></b><b>nbmake-MACHINE</b>
can be invoked in lieu of
<code>make(1)</code>,
and will instead call the up-to-date version of
``nbmake''
installed into
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR/bin</b>
with several key variables pre-set, including
<b></b><b>MACHINE</b>,<b> MACHINE_ARCH</b>,
and
<b></b><b>TOOLDIR</b>.
This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in
<b></b><b>PATH</b>,
or called with an absolute path.
<h3>
SEE ALSO
</h3>
<code>make(1)</code>,
<code>hier(7)</code>,
<code>release(7)</code>
<h3>
BUGS
</h3>
Many platforms are not yet using the
<b></b><b>USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN</b>
system.
<h3>
HISTORY
</h3>
The
<b></b><b>USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN</b>
based build scheme was introduced in the
``NetBSD-current''
development sources between
NetBSD1.5
and
NetBSD1.6.
</font></body>
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BUILDING(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual BUILDING(8)
NAME
BUILDING - Procedure for building NetBSD from source code.
STATUS
This document is a work-in-progress. As such, the information described
here may not match the reality of the build system as of this writing.
Once this document is completely in sync with reality, this paragraph
will be removed.
Discrepancies between this documentation and the current reality of im-
plementation are noted specially, as with the note below:
Note: This document applies only to platforms which use the new toolchain
as indicated by the setting of USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN in /etc/mk.conf or
<bsd.own.mk>. Platforms which have not yet been switched to the new
toolchain should continue building traditionally, using the notes speci-
fied in the file UPDATING.
REQUIREMENTS
NetBSD is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems.
The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling natively (on the
same NetBSD architecture) or cross compiling (on another architecture or
OS).
This source tree contains a special subtree, ``tools'', which uses the
host system to create a build toolchain for the target architecture. The
host system must have at least C and C++ compilers in order to create the
toolchain (make is not required); all other tools are created as part of
the NetBSD build process.
Note: A couple host toolchain components are not yet available in
the tools directory. Also, some tools use non-POSIX, non-ANSI C
extensions and need to be standardized. As a result, cross-compil-
ing from systems other than NetBSD is not currently supported.
FILES
Source tree layout
BUILDING This document (in formatted plaintext).
BUILDING.mdoc This document (in -mdoc troff format).
Makefile The main Makefile for NetBSD; should only be run for na-
tive builds with an appropriately up-to-date version of
NetBSD make(1). (For building from out-of-date systems or
on a non-native host, see the build.sh shell script.)
UPDATING Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of
NetBSD. It is important to read this file before every
build of an updated source tree.
build.sh Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host
build tools and the NetBSD system from scratch. Can be
used for both native and cross builds, and should be used
instead of make(1) for any source tree that is updated and
recompiled regularly.
crypto/dist/, dist/, gnu/dist/
Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without man-
gling the existing build structure. Other source trees in
bin through usr.sbin use the NetBSD make(1) ``reachover''
Makefile semantics when building these programs for a na-
tive host.
distrib/, etc/
Sources for items used when making a full release snap-
shot, such as files installed in /etc on the destination
system, boot media, and release notes.
regress/ Regression test harness. Can be cross-compiled, but only
run natively.
sys/ NetBSD kernel sources.
tools/ ``Reachover'' build structure for the host build tools.
This has a special method of determining out-of-date sta-
tus.
bin/ ... usr.sbin/
Sources to the NetBSD userland (non-kernel) programs. If
any of these directories are missing, they will be skipped
during the build.
Build tree layout
The NetBSD build tree is described in hier(7), and the release layout is
described in release(7).
CONFIGURATION
make variables
Several variables control the behavior of NetBSD builds. Unless other-
wise specified, these variables may be set in either the process environ-
ment or the make(1) configuration file specified by MAKECONF.
DESTDIR Directory to contain the built NetBSD system. If set, spe-
cial options are passed to the compilation tools to prevent
their default use of the host system's /usr/include,
/usr/lib, and so forth. This pathname should not end with a
slash (/) character (for installation into the system's root
directory, set DESTDIR to an empty string).
Default: Empty string if USETOOLS is ``yes''; unset other-
wise.
MAKECONF The name of the make(1) configuration file. Only settable in
the process environment.
Default: ``/etc/mk.conf''
MKCATPAGES Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether prefor-
matted plaintext manual pages will be created during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKCRYPTO Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether crypto-
graphic code will be included in a build; provided for the
benefit of countries that do not allow strong cryptography.
Will not affect use of the standard low-security password en-
cryption system, crypt(3).
Default: ``yes''
MKDOC Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether system
documentation destined for /usr/share/doc will be installed
during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKINFO Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether GNU Info
files, used for the documentation for most of the compilation
tools, will be created and installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKLINT Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether lint(1)
will be run against portions of the NetBSD source code during
the build, and whether lint libraries will be installed into
/usr/libdata/lint.
Default: ``yes''
MKMAN Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether manual
pages will be installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKNLS Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether Native
Language System locale zone files will be compiled and in-
stalled during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKOBJ Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether object
directories will be created when running ``make obj''. If
set to ``no'', then all built files will be located inside
the regular source tree.
Default: ``yes''
MKPIC Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether shared
objects and libraries will be created and installed during a
build. If set to ``no'', the entire built system will be
statically linked.
Default: Platform dependent. As of this writing, all plat-
forms except sh3 default to ``yes''.
MKPICINSTALL
Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether the ar(1)
format libraries (lib*_pic.a), used to generate shared li-
braries, are installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKPROFILE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether profiled
libraries (lib*_p.a) will be built and installed during a
build.
Default: ``yes''; however, some platforms turn off MKPROFILE
by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled
code.
MKSHARE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether files
destined to reside in /usr/share will be built and installed
during a build. If set to ``no'', then all of MKCATPAGES,
MKDOC, MKINFO, MKMAN, and MKNLS will be set to ``no'' uncon-
ditionally.
Default: ``yes''
TOOLDIR Directory to hold the host tools, once built. This directory
should be unique to a given host system and NetBSD source
tree. (However, multiple targets may share the same TOOLDIR;
the target-dependent files have unique names.) Must be set
if USETOOLS is ``yes''.
Default: Unset.
UPDATE If set, then all install operations intended to write to
DESTDIR will compare file timestamps before installing, and
skip the install phase if the destination files are up-to-
date. This also has implications on full builds (see next
subsection).
Default: Unset.
USETOOLS Indicates whether the tools specified by TOOLDIR should be
used as part of a build in progress. Must be set to ``yes''
if cross-compiling.
yes Use the tools from TOOLDIR.
no Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, but refuse to build
native compilation tool components that are version-
specific for that tool.
never Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, even when building
native tool components. This is similar to the tradi-
tional NetBSD build method, but does not verify that
the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in
order to build the tree successfully. This may cause
build or runtime problems when building the whole
NetBSD source tree.
Default: ``yes'' if building all or part of a whole NetBSD
source tree (detected automatically); ``no'' otherwise (to
preserve traditional semantics of the <bsd.*.mk> make(1) in-
clude files).
Note: Currently, the ``no'' option functions similarly to the
``never'' option. Proper checks will be added in the near
future to add the described functionality for version-specif-
ic tool components.
make variables for full builds
These variables only affect the top level ``Makefile'' and do not manual-
ly building subtrees of the NetBSD source code.
MKOBJDIRS Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether object
directories will be created automatically (via a ``make
obj'' pass) at the start of a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKTOOLS Indicates whether the host tools will be built and in-
stalled automatically if they are out-of-date.
yes Build tools as needed into TOOLDIR, but only if the
tools in question are out-of-date.
no Do not update the tools in TOOLDIR; halt the build
as a safety precaution if tools are out-of-date.
always
Always rebuild the tools in TOOLDIR from scratch
during a build. This is similar to the standard
NetBSD source tree build method, but is not typi-
cally required for host tools.
Default: ``no''
NBUILDJOBS If set, specifies the number of parallel make(1) processes
that should be run simultaneously. This can speed up
builds on SMP machines, or machines with much more CPU
power than I/O availability. This should be used instead
of the make(1) option -j, in order to ensure proper order-
ing of build components.
Default: Unset.
NOCLEANDIR If set, avoids the ``make cleandir'' phase of a full
build. This has the effect of allowing only changed files
in a source tree to be recompiled. This can speed up
builds when updating only a few files in the tree.
Default: Unset.
NODISTRIBDIRS If set, avoids the ``make distrib-dirs'' phase of a full
build. This skips running mtree(1) on DESTDIR, useful on
systems where building as an unprivileged user, or where
it is known that the system-wide mtree files have not
changed.
Default: Unset.
NOINCLUDES If set, avoids the ``make includes'' phase of a full
build. This has the effect of preventing make(1) from
thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply because
the system include files have changed. However, this op-
tion should not be used when updating the entire NetBSD
source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use UPDATE in
that case.
Default: Unset.
RELEASEDIR If set, specifies the directory to which a release(7) lay-
out will be written at the end of a ``make release''.
Default: Unset.
UPDATE If set, then in addition to the effects described for UP-
DATE above, this implies the effects of NOCLEANDIR.
BUILDING
make command line options
This is only a summary of options available to make(1); only the options
used most frequently with NetBSD builds are listed here.
-m dir Specify the default directory for searching for system Make-
file segments, mainly the <bsd.*.mk> files. When building any
full NetBSD source tree, this should be set to the
``share/mk'' directory in the source tree. (This is set auto-
matically when building from the top level.)
-n Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
actually execute them. This will still cause recursion to
take place.
-v var Print make(1)'s idea of the value of var. Does not build any
targets.
var=value Set the variable var to value, overriding any setting speci-
fied by the process environment, the MAKECONF configuration
file, or the system Makefile segments.
make targets
These default targets may be built by running make(1) in any subtree of
the NetBSD source code. It is recommended that none of these be used
from the top level Makefile; as a specific exception, ``make obj'' and
``make cleandir'' are useful in that context.
all Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation.
clean Remove program and library object code files.
cleandir Same as clean, but also remove preformatted documentation, de-
pendency files generated by ``make depend'', and any other
files known to be created at build time. ``make distclean''
may be used as a synonym, for familiarity with a similar well-
known convention.
depend Create dependency files (.depend) containing more detailed in-
formation about the dependencies of source code on header
files. Allows programs to be recompiled automatically when a
dependency changes.
dependall Does a ``make depend'' immediately followed by a ``make all''.
This combined target recurses as an atomic unit, so that the
``make depend'' phase can participate in make -j parallelism.
includes Build and install system header files. Typically needed be-
fore any system libraries or programs can be built.
install Install programs, libraries, and documentation into DESTDIR.
lint Run lint(1) against the C source code, where appropriate, and
generate system-installed lint libraries.
obj Create object directories to be used for built files, instead
of building directly in the source tree.
tags Create ctags(1) searchable function lists usable by the ex(1)
and vi(1) text editors.
make targets for the top level
Additional make(1) targets are usable specifically from the top source
level to facilitate building the entire NetBSD source tree.
build Build the entire NetBSD system. This orders portions of the
source tree such that prerequisites will be built in the prop-
er order.
release Do a ``make build'', then package the system into a standard
release layout as described by release(7). This requires that
RELEASEDIR be set (see above).
regression-tests
Can only be run after building the regression tests in the di-
rectory ``regress''. Runs the compiled regression tests on
the local host.
The build.sh script
This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the entire
NetBSD system on any host with a Bourne shell in /bin/sh, including many
that are not POSIX compliant. Note that if a host system's /bin/sh is
unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell (/bin/ksh), if available, may be
a usable alternative.
All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system
should make use of build.sh rather than just running ``make''. This way,
the make(1) program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host sys-
tem has an older or incompatible ``make'' program.
When compiling the entire system via build.sh, many make(1) variables are
set for you in order to help encapsulate the build process. In particu-
lar, both USETOOLS and MKTOOLS are set to ``yes'', and MACHINE_ARCH (if
unset) is deduced from the value of MACHINE.
The variables DESTDIR, MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR are required in
order for build.sh to function, and thus they cannot be set in the con-
figuration file specified by MAKECONF. They may be set either in the
process environment, or via command line options to build.sh.
The following are available command line options that may be supplied to
build.sh:
-a arch Set the value of MACHINE_ARCH to arch.
-D dest Set the value of DESTDIR to dest.
-j njob Set the value of NBUILDJOBS to njob. This provides similar
functionality to the familiar ``make -j'', but preserves the
ordering of the top level ``make build''.
-m mach Set the value of MACHINE to mach. This will also override any
value of MACHINE_ARCH in the process environment with a value
deduced from mach, unless -a is specified.
-R rel Set the value of RELEASEDIR to rel. Setting this option will
make build.sh run ``make release'' instead of ``make build''.
-r Remove the contents of DESTDIR and TOOLDIR before building
(provides a clean starting point).
-T tools Set the value of TOOLDIR to tools.
The nbmake-MACHINE wrapper script
If using the build.sh script to build NetBSD, a nbmake-MACHINE script
will be created in TOOLDIR/bin upon the first build to assist in building
subtrees on a cross-compile host.
nbmake-MACHINE can be invoked in lieu of make(1), and will instead call
the up-to-date version of ``nbmake'' installed into TOOLDIR/bin with sev-
eral key variables pre-set, including MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR.
This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in PATH, or called
with an absolute path.
SEE ALSO
make(1), hier(7), release(7)
BUGS
Many platforms are not yet using the USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN system.
HISTORY
The USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN based build scheme was introduced in the ``NetBSD-
current'' development sources between NetBSD 1.5 and NetBSD 1.6.
NetBSD October 29, 2001 7