diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/africa b/share/zoneinfo/africa
index f0cf017fd2b3..c728eceb0f68 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/africa
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/africa
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)africa 7.28
+# @(#)africa 7.30
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
@@ -442,10 +442,9 @@ Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
#
# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
-#
-# Iles Eparses
-#
-# (1997-07-22, in French). We have no info about their time zone histories.
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/antarctica b/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
index feee35033f41..82d8299d244d 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/antarctica
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)antarctica 7.15
+# @(#)antarctica 7.16
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947
Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29
3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
# See:
-#
-# Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1998-04-09)
+#
+# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
#
# S Korea - year-round base
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/asia b/share/zoneinfo/asia
index 23047d522933..dc09affd2d67 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/asia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/asia
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -648,6 +648,11 @@ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
# Jordan
+# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-05-08):
+# Jordan do not have DST this year. It also seems that they are not going
+# to use it the next years either. "We do not need it" was the answer I got
+# from the Jordan National Information Centre (http://www.nic.gov.jo).
+#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
@@ -666,9 +671,9 @@ Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1993 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
-Rule Jordan 1995 max - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2:00 Jordan EE%sT
@@ -948,7 +953,7 @@ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
# no information
# Philippines
-# Howse writes that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
# The rest of this data is from Shanks.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
@@ -992,9 +997,9 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880
# Sri Lanka
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-#
-# Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24)
-#
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995).
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/australasia b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
index c5b018e95261..e75edd5053ab 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/australasia
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/australasia
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)australasia 7.46
+# @(#)australasia 7.48
# This file also includes Pacific islands.
# Notes are at the end of this file
@@ -68,13 +68,15 @@ Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1990 1994 even Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1990 1994 odd Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule AS 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AS 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
9:00 - CST 1899 May
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ Rule AV 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AV 2000 only - Aug 26 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule AN 2000 only - Aug 26 2:00s 1:00 -
+Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
# Tonga
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
- 12:20 - TOT 1968 Oct # Tonga Time
+ 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
13:00 - TOT
# Tuvalu
@@ -473,7 +475,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
#
# ACT
-#
+#
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
#
# SA
@@ -806,15 +808,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
# and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
-# From Eric Ulevik (1997-06-12):
-# The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
-# of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
-# This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
-# this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
+# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
+# October in 2000. Victoria and South Australia are expected to adopt this
+# change, Queensland is unlikely. [See: Matthew Moore,
+#
+# Two months more daylight saving
+#
+# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
+
+# Also see the following official NSW source:
+#
+# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
+#
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 26, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
+# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
# Yancowinna
@@ -897,9 +907,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Fiji
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
-# Perhaps it didn't take. We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
+# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
@@ -934,7 +944,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# N Mariana Is, Guam
-# Howse writes ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
@@ -950,7 +960,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Samoa
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
@@ -961,3 +972,38 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+#
+# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
+# :
+
+# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
+# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
+# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
+# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+#
+# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+#
+# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
+# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of th 40
+# minutes we have lost?"
+#
+# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
+# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
+# to say your prayers in the morning."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
+# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
+# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+# Government.
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/europe b/share/zoneinfo/europe
index 3053e5078e85..50440e5cc457 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/europe
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/europe
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)europe 7.60
+# @(#)europe 7.62
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -100,31 +100,32 @@
# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
-# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
-# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
-# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
+# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
+# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
-# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
+# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
-# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
+# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
+# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
+# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
-# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
-# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
+# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
+# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
-# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
+# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
-# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
-# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
+# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
+# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
@@ -154,6 +155,8 @@
# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
+# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
+
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19):
# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
@@ -749,17 +752,17 @@
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
# Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31)
-# reports that Cheriton Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time (CT),
-# equivalent to French civil time.
+# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
+# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
# Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that
-# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility just outside Cheriton)
+# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
# and Frethun run in CT.
# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
-# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST for Cheriton.
+# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
@@ -880,7 +883,7 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
+Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
@@ -1875,13 +1878,24 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
- 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
-#
-# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
+#
+# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
#
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
+#
+# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
+# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
+# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
+# worth further discussion.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
+# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
+# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
+# EU rules in 1999.
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
# Portugal
#
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds b/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
index 1cd114b91fbe..82a8ddf3f170 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/leapseconds
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)leapseconds 7.11
+# @(#)leapseconds 7.12
# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of TAI (atomic time); see
+# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
index 8743f4b49ed6..c5453446475a 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/northamerica
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)northamerica 7.44
+# @(#)northamerica 7.45
# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
@@ -7,12 +7,23 @@
# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
###############################################################################
# United States
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
+# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
+
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
@@ -293,6 +304,11 @@ Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
# Indiana
#
+# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+#
+# What time is it in Indiana?
+# (1999-04-06)
+#
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
# but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
@@ -398,9 +414,10 @@ Zone America/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
-# but Howse writes that Detroit kept
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
+# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
+# that Detroit kept
#
# local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
# be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
diff --git a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
index 35678b9027ad..bb3ae36dd1cb 100644
--- a/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
+++ b/share/zoneinfo/southamerica
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)southamerica 7.27
+# @(#)southamerica 7.28
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-07-07):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
@@ -18,16 +18,6 @@
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
-# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-# std dst
-# LMT Local Mean Time
-# -2:00 FST FDT Fernando de Noronha
-# -3:00 EST EDT Eastern Brazil
-# -4:00 WST WDT Western Brazil
-# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
-# -5:00 AST ADT Acre
-#
# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
@@ -36,15 +26,24 @@
# in Europe and South America.
# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
-
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987). Countries not
-# listed here do not observe DST, according to the OAG. Time zone names
-# are pure inventions, and none are supplied for countries not observing
-# DST; updates from natives would be appreciated. The times that DST
-# starts and ends are based on the assumption that they switch a 2AM just
-# as everybody else does.
+#
+# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+# The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
+# "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
+# The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+# "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
+# name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+# std dst
+# -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
+# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
+# -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
+# -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
###############################################################################
@@ -253,18 +252,18 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
-Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
# revoked DST.
# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
-Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
-Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
# revoked DST.
# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
@@ -272,52 +271,52 @@ Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
-Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
-Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
# revoked DST.
# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
-Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
-Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
# with the same exceptions
-Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
# adopted by same states.
-Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
# adopted by same states, plus AM.
# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22)
@@ -326,13 +325,13 @@ Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S
# adopted by same states, plus TO.
# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
# adds AL, SE.
-Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
-Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
@@ -347,79 +346,79 @@ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 S
# Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
#
# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 2,495
# (1998-02-10)
-Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
# adopted by the same states as before,
# specifies only the 1998-10-11 and 1999-02-21 transitions;
# after that, these rules are guesses and are quite possibly wrong,
# but they are more likely than no DST at all.
-Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Fernando de Noronha
Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
- -2:00 Brazil F%sT 1990 Jul
- -2:00 - FST
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 1990 Jul
+ -2:00 - FNT
#
# Amapa, east Para
Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1988 Jul
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Jul
+ -3:00 - BRT
#
# Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
# Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - BRT
#
# Tocantins
Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
- -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Jul
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
# Alagoas, Sergipe
Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul
- -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1996 Jul
- -3:00 - EST
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Jul
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Jul
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Jul
+ -3:00 - BRT
#
# Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
# Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
- -3:00 - EDT 1964
- -3:00 Brazil E%sT
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
+ -3:00 - BRST 1964
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
# Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1990 Jul
- -4:00 - WST
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1990 Jul
+ -4:00 - AMT
#
# Roraima, west Para, Rondonia
Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1988 Jul
- -4:00 - WST
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Jul
+ -4:00 - AMT
#
# Amazonas
Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1988 Jul
- -4:00 - WST 1993 Jul
- -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1994 Jul
- -4:00 - WST
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Jul
+ -4:00 - AMT 1993 Jul
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1994 Jul
+ -4:00 - AMT
#
# Acre
# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
- -5:00 Brazil A%sT 1988 Jul
- -5:00 - AST
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Jul
+ -5:00 - ACT
#
# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.