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jtc 1994-05-06 18:02:02 +00:00
parent fbc2a6679b
commit 34ae5e111c
2 changed files with 145 additions and 180 deletions
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252
lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.3
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991 Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@ -29,31 +29,31 @@
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" from: @(#)getopt.3 6.16 (Berkeley) 4/19/91
.\" $Id: getopt.3,v 1.6 1994/01/10 23:36:44 jtc Exp $
.\" @(#)getopt.3 8.4 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
.\"
.Dd April 19, 1991
.Dd April 19, 1994
.Dt GETOPT 3
.Os BSD 4.3
.Sh NAME
.Nm getopt
.Nd get option letter from argv
.Nd get option character from command line argument list
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <unistd.h>
.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
.Vt extern char *optarg;
.Vt extern int optind;
.Vt extern int optopt;
.Vt extern int opterr;
.Vt extern int optreset;
.Ft int
.Fn getopt "int argc" "char * const *argv" "const char *optstring"
.Vt extern char *optarg;
.Vt extern int optind;
.Vt extern int opterr;
.Vt extern int optopt;
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn getopt
function gets
the next
function incrementally parses a command line argument list
.Fa argv
and returns the next
.Em known
option character from
.Fa argv .
option character.
An option character is
.Em known
if it has been specified in the string of accepted option characters,
@ -61,9 +61,18 @@ if it has been specified in the string of accepted option characters,
.Pp
The option string
.Fa optstring
may contain the following characters; letters and
letters followed by a colon to indicate an option argument
is to follow. It does not matter to
may contain the following elements: individual characters, and
characters followed by a colon to indicate an option argument
is to follow.
For example, an option string
.Li "\&""x""
recognizes an option
.Dq Fl x ,
and an option string
.Li "\&""x:""
recognizes an option and argument
.Dq Fl x Ar argument .
It does not matter to
.Fn getopt
if a following argument has leading white space.
.Pp
@ -78,159 +87,121 @@ contains the index to the next
argument for a subsequent call
to
.Fn getopt .
The variable
.Va optopt
saves the last
.Em known
option character returned by
.Fn getopt .
.Pp
The variable
.Va opterr
and
.Va optind
are both initialized to 1.
The
.Va optind
variable may be set to another value before a set of calls to
.Fn getopt
in order to skip over more or less argv entries.
.Pp
In order to use
.Fn getopt
to evaluate multiple sets of arguments, or to evaluate a single set of
arguments multiple times,
the variable
.Va optreset
must be set to 1 before the second and each additional set of calls to
.Fn getopt ,
and the variable
.Va optind
must be initialized to the number of argv entries to be skipped in each
evaluation.
must be reinitialized.
.Pp
The
.Fn getopt
function
returns \-1
when the argument list is exhausted.
The interpretation of options in the argument list may be canceled
returns an
.Dv EOF
when the argument list is exhausted, or a non-recognized
option is encountered.
The interpretation of options in the argument list may be cancelled
by the option
.Ql --
(double dash) which causes
.Fn getopt
to signal the end of argument processing and return \-1.
to signal the end of argument processing and return an
.Dv EOF .
When all options have been processed (i.e., up to the first non-option
argument),
.Fn getopt
returns \-1.
returns
.Dv EOF .
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
If the
If the
.Fn getopt
function encounters an option character that is not contained in
.Fa optstring ,
it returns a question mark
.Pq ?
character.
If it detects a missing option argument, it returns a colon
.Pq \:
character if the first character of
.Fa optstring
is a colon, otherwise it returns a question mark.
In either case, a diagnostic message is written to
.Em stderr
unless the application has set
function encounters a character not found in the string
.Va optarg
or detects
a missing option argument it writes an error message and returns
.Ql ?
to the
.Em stderr .
Setting
.Va opterr
to zero or the first character of
.Fa optstring
is a colon.
.Sh EXAMPLE
.\" The following example comes from section E.9.7 of the IEEE 1003.2-90
.\" standard (POSIX.2).
The following code fragment shows how one might process the arguments for
a utility that can take the mutually exclusive options
.Em a
and
.Em b
and the options
.Em f
and
.Em o ,
both of which require arguments:
to a zero will disable these error messages.
If
.Va optstring
has a leading
.Ql \&:
then a missing option argument causes a
.Ql \&:
to be returned in addition to suppressing any error messages.
.Pp
.Bd -literal -compact
#include <unistd.h>
int
main (argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
int c, bflg, aflg, errflg = 0;
char *ifile, *ofile;
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind, optopt;
. . .
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, ":abf:o:")) != -1) {
switch(ch) {
case 'a':
if (bflg)
errflg = 1;
else
aflg = 1;
break;
case 'b':
if (aflg)
errflg = 1;
else
bflg = 1;
break;
case 'f':
ifile = optarg;
break;
case 'o':
ofile = optarg;
break;
case ':': /* -f or -o without option-arg */
fprintf (stderr,
"Option -%c requires an option-argument\\n",
optopt);
errflg = 1;
break;
case '?':
fprintf (stderr,
"Unrecognized option: -%c\\n",
optopt);
errflg = 1;
break;
}
}
if (errflg) {
fprintf (stderr, "usage: . . .\\n");
exit (2);
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
. . .
}
.Ed
.Sh STANDARDS
Option arguments are allowed to begin with
.Dq Li \- ;
this is reasonable but
reduces the amount of error checking possible.
.Sh EXTENSIONS
The
.Va optreset
variable was added to make it possible to call the
.Fn getopt
function conforms to
.St -p1003.2-92 .
function multiple times.
This is an extension to the
.St -p1003.2
specification.
.Sh EXAMPLE
.Bd -literal -compact
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind;
int bflag, ch, fd;
bflag = 0;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "bf:")) != EOF)
switch(ch) {
case 'b':
bflag = 1;
break;
case 'f':
if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"myname: %s: %s\en", optarg, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
break;
case '?':
default:
usage();
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
.Ed
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn getopt
function appeared
.Bx 4.3 .
.Sh BUGS
The
.Fn getopt
function was once specified to return
.Dv EOF
instead of \-1.
This was changed by
.St -p1003.2-92
to decouple
.Fn getopt
from
.Pa <stdio.h> .
.Pp
Option arguments are allowed to begin with
.Dq Li \- ;
this is reasonable but
reduces the amount of error checking possible.
.Pp
A single dash
.Dq Li -
may be specified as an character in
@ -248,7 +219,8 @@ It is provided for backward compatibility
.Em only .
By default, a single dash causes
.Fn getopt
to returns \-1.
to return
.Dv EOF .
This is, we believe, compatible with System V.
.Pp
It is also possible to handle digits as option letters.
@ -260,12 +232,12 @@ as an option.
This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
It is provided for backward compatibility
.Em only .
The following code fragment works fairly well.
The following code fragment works in most cases.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
int length;
char *p;
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "0123456789")) != -1)
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "0123456789")) != EOF)
switch (c) {
case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':

73
lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.c
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 1987 Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
* Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1994
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
@ -32,93 +32,86 @@
*/
#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
/*static char *sccsid = "from: @(#)getopt.c 4.13 (Berkeley) 2/23/91";*/
static char *rcsid = "$Id: getopt.c,v 1.5 1993/10/12 21:52:45 jtc Exp $";
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)getopt.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/*
* get option letter from argument vector
*/
int opterr = 1; /* if error message should be printed */
int optind = 1; /* index into parent argv vector */
int optopt; /* character checked for validity */
int opterr = 1, /* if error message should be printed */
optind = 1, /* index into parent argv vector */
optopt, /* character checked for validity */
optreset; /* reset getopt */
char *optarg; /* argument associated with option */
#define NOOPT (int)':' /* No option */
#define BADCH (int)'?'
#define BADARG (int)':'
#define EMSG ""
/*
* getopt --
* Parse argc/argv argument vector.
*/
int
getopt(nargc, nargv, ostr)
int nargc;
char * const *nargv;
const char *ostr;
{
extern char *__progname;
static char *place = EMSG; /* option letter processing */
register char *oli; /* option letter list index */
char *p;
char *oli; /* option letter list index */
if (!*place) { /* update scanning pointer */
if (optreset || !*place) { /* update scanning pointer */
optreset = 0;
if (optind >= nargc || *(place = nargv[optind]) != '-') {
place = EMSG;
return(-1);
return (EOF);
}
if (place[1] && *++place == '-') { /* found "--" */
++optind;
place = EMSG;
return(-1);
return (EOF);
}
}
/* option letter okay? */
} /* option letter okay? */
if ((optopt = (int)*place++) == (int)':' ||
!(oli = strchr(ostr, optopt))) {
/*
* if the user didn't specify '-' as an option,
* assume it means -1.
* assume it means EOF.
*/
if (optopt == (int)'-')
return(-1);
return (EOF);
if (!*place)
++optind;
if (opterr && *ostr != ':') {
if (!(p = strrchr(*nargv, '/')))
p = *nargv;
else
++p;
(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: illegal option -- %c\n",
p, optopt);
}
return(BADCH);
if (opterr && *ostr != ':')
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"%s: illegal option -- %c\n", __progname, optopt);
return (BADCH);
}
if (*++oli != ':') { /* don't need argument */
optarg = NULL;
if (!*place)
++optind;
} else { /* need an argument */
}
else { /* need an argument */
if (*place) /* no white space */
optarg = place;
else if (nargc <= ++optind) { /* no arg */
place = EMSG;
if (opterr && *ostr != ':') {
if (!(p = strrchr(*nargv, '/')))
p = *nargv;
else
++p;
if (*ostr == ':')
return (BADARG);
if (opterr)
(void)fprintf(stderr,
"%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n",
p, optopt);
}
return((*ostr == ':') ? NOOPT : BADCH);
__progname, optopt);
return (BADCH);
}
else /* white space */
optarg = nargv[optind];
place = EMSG;
++optind;
}
return(optopt); /* dump back option letter */
return (optopt); /* dump back option letter */
}