Rudimentary manual page for ld(1).
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gnu/usr.bin/ld/ld.1
Normal file
154
gnu/usr.bin/ld/ld.1
Normal file
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.Dd October 14, 1993
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.Dt LD 8
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.Os NetBSD 0.9
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ld
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.Nd link editor
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ld
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.Op Fl MNnrSstXxz
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl A Ar symbol-file
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.Op Fl assert Ar keyword
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.Op Fl B Ar linkmode
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.Op Fl D Ar datasize
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.Op Fl d Ar c
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.Op Fl d Ar p
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.Op Fl e Ar entry
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.Op Fl l Ar library-specifier
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.Op Fl L Ar library-search-path
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.Op Fl o Ar filename
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.Op Fl T Ar address
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.Op Fl u Ar symbol
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.Op Fl V Ar shlib-version
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.Op Fl y Ar symbol
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.Ek
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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combines the object and archive files given on the command line into a new
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object file. The output object file is either an executable program, a
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shared object suitable for loading at run-time, or an object file that can
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once again be processed by
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.Nm ld.
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Object files and archives are processed in the order given on the command line.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl A Ar symbol-file
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The the symbol-file is taken as a base for link-editing the object files
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on the command line.
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.It Fl B Ar dynamic
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Specifies that linking against dynamic libraries can take place. If a library
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specifier of the form -lx appears on the command line,
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.Nm ld
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searches for a library of the from libx.so.n.m (see the
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.Ar l
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option) according to the search rules in effect. If such a file can not be
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found a traditional archive is looked for.
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This options can appear anywhere on the command line and is complementary
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to -Bstatic.
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.It Fl B Ar static
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The counterpart of -Bdynamic. This options turns off dynamic linking for
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all library specifiers until a -Bdynamic is once again given. Any explicitly
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mentioned shared object encountered on the command line while this option is
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in effect is flagged as an error.
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.It Fl B Ar symbolic
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This option causes all symbolic references in the output to be resolved in
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this link-edit session. The only remaining run-time relocation requirements are
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.Em base-relative
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relocations, ie. translation with respect to the load address. Failure to
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resolve any symbolic reference causes an error to be reported.
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.It Fl B Ar forcearchive
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Force all members of archives to be loaded, whether or not such members
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contribute a definition to any plain object files. Useful for making a
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shared library from an archive of PIC objects without having to unpack
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the archive.
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.It Fl D Ar data-size
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Set the size of the data segment. For sanity's sake, this should be larger
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than the cumulative data sizes of the input files.
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.It Fl d Ar c
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Force allocation of commons even producing relocatable output.
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.It Fl d Ar p
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Force alias definitions of procedure calls in non-PIC code. Useful to
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obtain shareable code in the presence of run-time relocations as such
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calls will be re-directed through the Procedure Linkage Table (see
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.Xr link 5)
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.It Fl e Ar entry-symbol
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Specifies the entry symbol for an executable. The absence of an entry
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point means that the ouput file will become a shared object.
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.It Fl L Ar path
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Add
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.Ar path
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to the list of directories to search for libraries specified with the
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.Ar -l
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option.
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.It Fl l Ar lib-spec
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This option specifies a library to be considered for inclusion in the
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output. If the -Bdynamic option is in effect, a shared library of the
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form lib<spec>.so.m.n (where
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.Em m
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is the major, and
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.Em n
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is the minor version number, respectively) is searched for first. The
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library with the highest version found in the search path is selected.
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If no shared library is found or the -Bstatic options is in effect,
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an archive of the form lib<spec>.a is looked for in the library seach path.
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.It Fl M
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Produce output about the mapping of segments of the input files and the
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values assigned to (global) symbols in the output file.
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.It Fl N
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Produce a OMAGIC output file.
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.It Fl n
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Produce a NMAGIC output file.
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.It Fl o Ar filename
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Specifies the name of the output file. Defaults to
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.Dq a.out.
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.It Fl r
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Produce relocatable object file, suitable for another pass through
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.Nm ld.
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.It Fl S
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Strip all debugger symbols from the output.
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.It Fl s
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Strip all symbols from the output.
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.It Fl T
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Specifies the start address of the text segment, with respect to which
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all input files will be relocated.
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.It Fl t
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Leave a trace of the input files as they are processed.
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.It Fl u Ar symbol
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Force
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.Ar symbol
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to be marked as undefined. Useful to force loading of an archive member
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in the absence of any other references to that member.
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.It Fl V Ar version
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Put the given version number into the output shared library (if one is
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created). Useful to make shared libaries compatible with other operating
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systems. Eg. SunOS 4.x libraries use version number 3. Defaults to 8.
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.It Fl X
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Discard local symbols in the input files that start with the letter
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.Dq L
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.It Fl x
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Discard all local symbols in the input files.
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.It Fl y symbol
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Trace the manipulations inflicted on
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.Ar symbol
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.It Fl z
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Make a ZMAGIC output file. This is the default.
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.Sh FILES
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ldconfig 1 ,
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.Xr link 5
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.Sh BUGS
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Spurious
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.Dq undefined symbols errors
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may be reported for symbols originating in shared libraries. This occurs
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when there is also at least one genuine undefined symbol to report.
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.Sh CAVEATS
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An entry point must now explicitly be given if the output is intended to be
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a normal executable program. This was not the case for the previous version of
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.Nm ld\&.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The shared library model employed by
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.Nm ld
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appeared first in SunOS 4.0
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154
gnu/usr.bin/ld/ld/ld.1
Normal file
154
gnu/usr.bin/ld/ld/ld.1
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
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.Dd October 14, 1993
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.Dt LD 8
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.Os NetBSD 0.9
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ld
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.Nd link editor
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ld
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.Op Fl MNnrSstXxz
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl A Ar symbol-file
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.Op Fl assert Ar keyword
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.Op Fl B Ar linkmode
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.Op Fl D Ar datasize
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.Op Fl d Ar c
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.Op Fl d Ar p
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.Op Fl e Ar entry
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.Op Fl l Ar library-specifier
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.Op Fl L Ar library-search-path
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.Op Fl o Ar filename
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.Op Fl T Ar address
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.Op Fl u Ar symbol
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.Op Fl V Ar shlib-version
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.Op Fl y Ar symbol
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.Ek
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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combines the object and archive files given on the command line into a new
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object file. The output object file is either an executable program, a
|
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shared object suitable for loading at run-time, or an object file that can
|
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once again be processed by
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.Nm ld.
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Object files and archives are processed in the order given on the command line.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl A Ar symbol-file
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The the symbol-file is taken as a base for link-editing the object files
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on the command line.
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.It Fl B Ar dynamic
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Specifies that linking against dynamic libraries can take place. If a library
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specifier of the form -lx appears on the command line,
|
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.Nm ld
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searches for a library of the from libx.so.n.m (see the
|
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.Ar l
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option) according to the search rules in effect. If such a file can not be
|
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found a traditional archive is looked for.
|
||||
This options can appear anywhere on the command line and is complementary
|
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to -Bstatic.
|
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.It Fl B Ar static
|
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The counterpart of -Bdynamic. This options turns off dynamic linking for
|
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all library specifiers until a -Bdynamic is once again given. Any explicitly
|
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mentioned shared object encountered on the command line while this option is
|
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in effect is flagged as an error.
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.It Fl B Ar symbolic
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This option causes all symbolic references in the output to be resolved in
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this link-edit session. The only remaining run-time relocation requirements are
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.Em base-relative
|
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relocations, ie. translation with respect to the load address. Failure to
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resolve any symbolic reference causes an error to be reported.
|
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.It Fl B Ar forcearchive
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Force all members of archives to be loaded, whether or not such members
|
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contribute a definition to any plain object files. Useful for making a
|
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shared library from an archive of PIC objects without having to unpack
|
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the archive.
|
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.It Fl D Ar data-size
|
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Set the size of the data segment. For sanity's sake, this should be larger
|
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than the cumulative data sizes of the input files.
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.It Fl d Ar c
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Force allocation of commons even producing relocatable output.
|
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.It Fl d Ar p
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Force alias definitions of procedure calls in non-PIC code. Useful to
|
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obtain shareable code in the presence of run-time relocations as such
|
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calls will be re-directed through the Procedure Linkage Table (see
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.Xr link 5)
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.It Fl e Ar entry-symbol
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Specifies the entry symbol for an executable. The absence of an entry
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point means that the ouput file will become a shared object.
|
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.It Fl L Ar path
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Add
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.Ar path
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to the list of directories to search for libraries specified with the
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.Ar -l
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option.
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.It Fl l Ar lib-spec
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This option specifies a library to be considered for inclusion in the
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output. If the -Bdynamic option is in effect, a shared library of the
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form lib<spec>.so.m.n (where
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.Em m
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is the major, and
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.Em n
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is the minor version number, respectively) is searched for first. The
|
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library with the highest version found in the search path is selected.
|
||||
If no shared library is found or the -Bstatic options is in effect,
|
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an archive of the form lib<spec>.a is looked for in the library seach path.
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.It Fl M
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Produce output about the mapping of segments of the input files and the
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values assigned to (global) symbols in the output file.
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.It Fl N
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Produce a OMAGIC output file.
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.It Fl n
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Produce a NMAGIC output file.
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.It Fl o Ar filename
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Specifies the name of the output file. Defaults to
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.Dq a.out.
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.It Fl r
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Produce relocatable object file, suitable for another pass through
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.Nm ld.
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.It Fl S
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Strip all debugger symbols from the output.
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.It Fl s
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Strip all symbols from the output.
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.It Fl T
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Specifies the start address of the text segment, with respect to which
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all input files will be relocated.
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.It Fl t
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Leave a trace of the input files as they are processed.
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.It Fl u Ar symbol
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||||
Force
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.Ar symbol
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to be marked as undefined. Useful to force loading of an archive member
|
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in the absence of any other references to that member.
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.It Fl V Ar version
|
||||
Put the given version number into the output shared library (if one is
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created). Useful to make shared libaries compatible with other operating
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systems. Eg. SunOS 4.x libraries use version number 3. Defaults to 8.
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.It Fl X
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Discard local symbols in the input files that start with the letter
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.Dq L
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.It Fl x
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Discard all local symbols in the input files.
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.It Fl y symbol
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Trace the manipulations inflicted on
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.Ar symbol
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.It Fl z
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Make a ZMAGIC output file. This is the default.
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.Sh FILES
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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||||
.Xr ldconfig 1 ,
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.Xr link 5
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||||
.Sh BUGS
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||||
Spurious
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||||
.Dq undefined symbols errors
|
||||
may be reported for symbols originating in shared libraries. This occurs
|
||||
when there is also at least one genuine undefined symbol to report.
|
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.Sh CAVEATS
|
||||
An entry point must now explicitly be given if the output is intended to be
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a normal executable program. This was not the case for the previous version of
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||||
.Nm ld\&.
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.Sh HISTORY
|
||||
The shared library model employed by
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||||
.Nm ld
|
||||
appeared first in SunOS 4.0
|
||||
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