941 lines
24 KiB
Groff
941 lines
24 KiB
Groff
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.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Edward Wang at The University of California, Berkeley.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)window.1 6.15 (Berkeley) 7/26/91
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.\"
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.Dd July 26, 1991
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.Dt WINDOW 1
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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|
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.Nm window
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.Nd window environment
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|
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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|
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.Nm window
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|
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.Op Fl t
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.Op Fl f
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl e Ar escape-char
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.Op Fl c Ar command
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|
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Window
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implements a window environment on
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.Tn ASCII
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terminals.
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.Pp
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|
|
A window is a rectangular portion of the physical terminal
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|
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screen associated with a set of processes. Its size and
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position can be changed by the user at any time. Processes
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communicate with their window in the same way they normally
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interact with a terminal\-through their standard input, output,
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and diagnostic file descriptors. The window program handles the
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details of redirecting input an output to and from the
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windows. At any one time, only one window can receive
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|
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input from the keyboard, but all windows can simultaneously send output
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to the display.
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|
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.Pp
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||
|
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When
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|
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.Nm window
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starts up, the commands (see long commands below)
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|
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contained in the file
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|
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.Pa .windowrc
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in the user's home directory are
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executed. If it does not exist, two equal sized windows spanning
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the terminal screen are created by default.
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.Pp
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|
The command line options are
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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|
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.It Fl t
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|
|
Turn on terse mode (see
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.Ic terse
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command below).
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.It Fl f
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Fast. Don't perform any startup action.
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.It Fl d
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Ignore
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.Pa .windowrc
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and create the two default
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windows instead.
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.It Fl e Ar escape-char
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Set the escape character to
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.Ar escape-char .
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.Ar Escape-char
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||
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can be a single character, or in the form
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.Ic ^X
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where
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|
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.Ar X
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is any character, meaning
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.No control\- Ns Ar X .
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|
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.It Fl c Ar command
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||
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Execute the string
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||
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.Ar command
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as a long command (see below)
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before doing anything else.
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|
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.El
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||
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.Pp
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||
|
|
Windows can overlap and are framed as necessary. Each window
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is named by one of the digits ``1'' to ``9''. This one-character
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||
|
|
identifier, as well as a user definable label string, are displayed
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with the window on the top edge of its frame. A window can be
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designated to be in the
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.Ar foreground ,
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in which case it will always be
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on top of all normal, non-foreground windows, and can be covered
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only by other foreground windows. A window need not be completely
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||
|
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within the edges of the terminal screen. Thus a large window
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||
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|
(possibly larger than the screen) may be positioned to show only
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a portion of its full size.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
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||
|
|
Each window has a cursor and a set of control functions. Most intelligent
|
||
|
|
terminal operations such as line and
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||
|
|
character deletion and insertion are supported. Display modes
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||
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such as underlining and reverse video are available if they are
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supported by the terminal. In addition,
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|
similar to terminals with multiple pages of memory,
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||
|
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each window has a text buffer which can have more lines than the window
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||
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itself.
|
||
|
|
.Ss Process Environment
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||
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|
With each newly created window, a shell program is spawned with its
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process environment tailored to that window. Its standard input,
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||
|
|
output, and diagnostic file descriptors are bound to one end of either
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|
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a pseudo-terminal
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||
|
|
.Xr (pty 4 )
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||
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or a
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||
|
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.Ux
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||
|
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domain socket
|
||
|
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.Xr (socketpair 4 ) .
|
||
|
|
If a pseudo-terminal is used, then its special
|
||
|
|
characters and modes (see
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|
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.Xr stty 1 )
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||
|
|
are copied from the physical
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|
|
terminal. A
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|
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.Xr termcap 5
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||
|
|
entry tailored to this window is created
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||
|
|
and passed as environment
|
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|
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.Xr (environ 5 )
|
||
|
|
variable
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|
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.Ev TERMCAP .
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||
|
|
The termcap entry contains the window's size and
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||
|
|
characteristics as well as information from the physical terminal,
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||
|
|
such as the existence of underline, reverse video, and other display
|
||
|
|
modes, and the codes produced by the terminal's function keys,
|
||
|
|
if any. In addition, the window size attributes of the pseudo-terminal
|
||
|
|
are set to reflect the size of this window, and updated whenever
|
||
|
|
it is changed by the user. In particular, the editor
|
||
|
|
.Xr vi 1
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||
|
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uses
|
||
|
|
this information to redraw its display.
|
||
|
|
.Ss Operation
|
||
|
|
During normal execution,
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
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||
|
|
can be in one of two states:
|
||
|
|
conversation mode and command mode. In conversation mode, the
|
||
|
|
terminal's real cursor is placed at the cursor position of a particular
|
||
|
|
window--called the current window--and input from the keyboard is sent
|
||
|
|
to the process in that window. The current window is always
|
||
|
|
on top of all other windows, except those in foreground. In addition,
|
||
|
|
it is set apart by highlighting its identifier and label in reverse video.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
Typing
|
||
|
|
.Nm window Ns 's
|
||
|
|
escape character (normally
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^P )
|
||
|
|
in conversation
|
||
|
|
mode switches it into command mode. In command mode, the top line of
|
||
|
|
the terminal screen becomes the command prompt window, and
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
interprets input from the keyboard as commands to manipulate windows.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
There are two types of commands: short commands are usually one or two
|
||
|
|
key strokes; long commands are strings either typed by the user in the
|
||
|
|
command window (see the
|
||
|
|
.Dq Ic \&:
|
||
|
|
command below), or read from a file (see
|
||
|
|
.Ic source
|
||
|
|
below).
|
||
|
|
.Ss Short Commands
|
||
|
|
Below,
|
||
|
|
.Ar \&#
|
||
|
|
represents one of the digits ``1'' to ``9''
|
||
|
|
corresponding to the windows 1 to 9.
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^X
|
||
|
|
means
|
||
|
|
.No control\- Ns Ar X ,
|
||
|
|
where
|
||
|
|
.Ar X
|
||
|
|
is any character. In particular,
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^^
|
||
|
|
is
|
||
|
|
.Li control\-^.
|
||
|
|
.Ar Escape
|
||
|
|
is the escape key, or
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^\&[ .
|
||
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
||
|
|
.It Ar #
|
||
|
|
Select window
|
||
|
|
.Ar #
|
||
|
|
as the current window
|
||
|
|
and return to conversation mode.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic \&% Ns Ar #
|
||
|
|
Select window
|
||
|
|
.Ar #
|
||
|
|
but stay in command mode.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^^
|
||
|
|
Select the previous window and return to conversation
|
||
|
|
mode. This is useful for toggling between two windows.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic escape
|
||
|
|
Return to conversation mode.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^P
|
||
|
|
Return to conversation mode and write
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^P
|
||
|
|
to the
|
||
|
|
current window. Thus, typing two
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^P Ns 's
|
||
|
|
in conversation
|
||
|
|
mode sends one to the current window. If the
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
escape is changed to some other character, that
|
||
|
|
character takes the place of
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^P
|
||
|
|
here.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ?
|
||
|
|
List a short summary of commands.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^L
|
||
|
|
Refresh the screen.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic q
|
||
|
|
Exit
|
||
|
|
.Nm window .
|
||
|
|
Confirmation is requested.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^Z
|
||
|
|
Suspend
|
||
|
|
.Nm window .
|
||
|
|
.It Ic w
|
||
|
|
Create a new window. The user is prompted for the positions
|
||
|
|
of the upper left and lower right corners of the window.
|
||
|
|
The cursor is placed on the screen and the keys ``h'', ``j'',
|
||
|
|
``k'', and ``l''
|
||
|
|
move the cursor left, down, up, and right, respectively.
|
||
|
|
The keys ``H'', ``J'', ``K'', and ``L'' move the cursor to the respective
|
||
|
|
limits of the screen. Typing a number before the movement keys
|
||
|
|
repeats the movement that number of times. Return enters the cursor position
|
||
|
|
as the upper left corner of the window. The lower right corner
|
||
|
|
is entered in the same manner. During this process,
|
||
|
|
the placement of the new window is indicated by a rectangular
|
||
|
|
box drawn on the screen, corresponding to where the new window
|
||
|
|
will be framed. Typing escape at any point
|
||
|
|
cancels this command.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
This window becomes the current window,
|
||
|
|
and is given the first available ID. The default buffer size
|
||
|
|
is used (see
|
||
|
|
.Ar default_nline
|
||
|
|
command below).
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
Only fully visible windows can be created this way.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic c Ns Ar #
|
||
|
|
Close window
|
||
|
|
.Ar # .
|
||
|
|
The process in the window is sent
|
||
|
|
the hangup signal (see
|
||
|
|
.Xr kill 1 ) .
|
||
|
|
.Xr Csh 1
|
||
|
|
should
|
||
|
|
handle this signal correctly and cause no problems.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic m Ns Ar #
|
||
|
|
Move window
|
||
|
|
.Ar #
|
||
|
|
to another location. A box in the shape
|
||
|
|
of the window is drawn on
|
||
|
|
the screen to indicate the new position of the window, and the same keys as
|
||
|
|
those for the
|
||
|
|
.Ic w
|
||
|
|
command are used to position the box. The
|
||
|
|
window can be moved partially off-screen.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic M Ns Ar #
|
||
|
|
Move window
|
||
|
|
.Ar #
|
||
|
|
to its previous position.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic s Ns Ar #
|
||
|
|
Change the size of window
|
||
|
|
.Ar # .
|
||
|
|
The user is prompted
|
||
|
|
to enter the new lower right corner of the window. A box
|
||
|
|
is drawn to indicate the new window size. The same
|
||
|
|
keys used in
|
||
|
|
.Ic w
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Ic m
|
||
|
|
are used to enter the position.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic S Ns Ar #
|
||
|
|
Change window
|
||
|
|
.Ar #
|
||
|
|
to its previous size.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^Y
|
||
|
|
Scroll the current window up by one line.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^E
|
||
|
|
Scroll the current window down by one line.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^U
|
||
|
|
Scroll the current window up by half the window size.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^D
|
||
|
|
Scroll the current window down by half the window size.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^B
|
||
|
|
Scroll the current window up by the full window size.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^F
|
||
|
|
Scroll the current window down by the full window size.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic h
|
||
|
|
Move the cursor of the current window left by one column.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic j
|
||
|
|
Move the cursor of the current window down by one line.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic k
|
||
|
|
Move the cursor of the current window up by one line.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic l
|
||
|
|
Move the cursor of the current window right by one column.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^S
|
||
|
|
Stop output in the current window.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic ^Q
|
||
|
|
Start output in the current window.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic :
|
||
|
|
Enter a line to be executed as long commands.
|
||
|
|
Normal line
|
||
|
|
editing characters (erase character, erase word, erase line)
|
||
|
|
are supported.
|
||
|
|
.El
|
||
|
|
.Ss Long Commands
|
||
|
|
Long commands are a sequence of statements
|
||
|
|
parsed much like a programming language, with a syntax
|
||
|
|
similar to that of C. Numeric and string expressions and variables
|
||
|
|
are supported, as well as conditional statements.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
There are two data types: string and number. A string is a sequence
|
||
|
|
of letters or digits beginning with a letter. ``_'' and ``.'' are
|
||
|
|
considered letters. Alternately, non-alphanumeric characters can
|
||
|
|
be included in strings by quoting them in ``"'' or escaping them
|
||
|
|
with ``\\''. In addition, the ``\\'' sequences of C are supported,
|
||
|
|
both inside and outside quotes (e.g., ``\\n'' is a new line,
|
||
|
|
``\\r'' a carriage return). For example, these are legal strings:
|
||
|
|
abcde01234, "&#$^*&#", ab"$#"cd, ab\\$\\#cd, "/usr/ucb/window".
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
A number is an integer value in one of three forms:
|
||
|
|
a decimal number, an octal number preceded by ``0'',
|
||
|
|
or a hexadecimal number preceded by ``0x'' or ``0X''. The natural
|
||
|
|
machine integer size is used (i.e., the signed integer type
|
||
|
|
of the C compiler). As in C, a non-zero number represents
|
||
|
|
a boolean true.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
The character ``#'' begins a comment which terminates at the
|
||
|
|
end of the line.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
A statement is either a conditional or an expression. Expression
|
||
|
|
statements are terminated with a new line or ``;''. To continue
|
||
|
|
an expression on the next line, terminate the first line with ``\\''.
|
||
|
|
.Ss Conditional Statement
|
||
|
|
.Nm Window
|
||
|
|
has a single control structure:
|
||
|
|
the fully bracketed if statement in the form
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
|
||
|
|
if <expr> then
|
||
|
|
\t<statement>
|
||
|
|
\t...
|
||
|
|
elsif <expr> then
|
||
|
|
\t<statement>
|
||
|
|
\t...
|
||
|
|
else
|
||
|
|
\t<statement>
|
||
|
|
\t...
|
||
|
|
endif
|
||
|
|
.Ed
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
The
|
||
|
|
.Ic else
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Ic elsif
|
||
|
|
parts are optional, and the latter can
|
||
|
|
be repeated any number of times.
|
||
|
|
<Expr>
|
||
|
|
must be numeric.
|
||
|
|
.Ss Expressions
|
||
|
|
Expressions in
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
are similar to those in the
|
||
|
|
C language, with most C operators supported on numeric
|
||
|
|
operands. In addition, some are overloaded to operate on strings.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
When an expression is used as a statement, its value is discarded
|
||
|
|
after evaluation. Therefore, only expressions with side
|
||
|
|
effects (assignments and function calls) are useful as statements.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
Single valued (no arrays) variables are supported, of both
|
||
|
|
numeric and string values. Some variables are predefined. They
|
||
|
|
are listed below.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
The operators in order of increasing precedence:
|
||
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic =
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Assignment. The variable of name
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1 ,
|
||
|
|
which must be string valued,
|
||
|
|
is assigned the result of
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 .
|
||
|
|
Returns the value of
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 .
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic ?
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Ic :
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr3
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Returns the value of
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
if
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
evaluates true
|
||
|
|
(non-zero numeric value); returns the value of
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr3
|
||
|
|
otherwise. Only
|
||
|
|
one of
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr3
|
||
|
|
is evaluated.
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va Expr1
|
||
|
|
must
|
||
|
|
be numeric.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&|\&|
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Logical or. Numeric values only. Short circuit evaluation is supported
|
||
|
|
(i.e., if
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
evaluates true, then
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
is not evaluated).
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&&\&&
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Logical and with short circuit evaluation. Numeric values only.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&|
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Bitwise or. Numeric values only.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic ^
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Bitwise exclusive or. Numeric values only.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&&
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Bitwise and. Numeric values only.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic ==
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic !=
|
||
|
|
.Aq expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Comparison (equal and not equal, respectively). The boolean
|
||
|
|
result (either 1 or 0) of the comparison is returned. The
|
||
|
|
operands can be numeric or string valued. One string operand
|
||
|
|
forces the other to be converted to a string in necessary.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic <
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic >
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic <=
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Less than, greater than, less than or equal to,
|
||
|
|
greater than or equal to. Both numeric and string values, with
|
||
|
|
automatic conversion as above.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic <<
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic >>
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
If both operands are numbers,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
is bit
|
||
|
|
shifted left (or right) by
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
bits. If
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
is
|
||
|
|
a string, then its first (or last)
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
characters are
|
||
|
|
returns (if
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
is also a string, then its length is used
|
||
|
|
in place of its value).
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic +
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic -
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Addition and subtraction on numbers. For ``+'', if one
|
||
|
|
argument is a string, then the other is converted to a string,
|
||
|
|
and the result is the concatenation of the two strings.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&*
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&/
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&%
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Multiplication, division, modulo. Numbers only.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic \- Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
||
|
|
.Ic ~ Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&! Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&$ Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
||
|
|
.Ic \&$? Ns Aq Va expr
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
The first three are unary minus, bitwise complement and logical complement
|
||
|
|
on numbers only. The operator, ``$'', takes
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr
|
||
|
|
and returns
|
||
|
|
the value of the variable of that name. If
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr
|
||
|
|
is numeric
|
||
|
|
with value
|
||
|
|
.Ar n
|
||
|
|
and it appears within an alias macro (see below),
|
||
|
|
then it refers to the nth argument of the alias invocation. ``$?''
|
||
|
|
tests for the existence of the variable
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va expr ,
|
||
|
|
and returns 1
|
||
|
|
if it exists or 0 otherwise.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ao Va expr Ac Ns Pq Aq Ar arglist
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Function call.
|
||
|
|
.Aq Va Expr
|
||
|
|
must be a string that is the unique
|
||
|
|
prefix of the name of a builtin
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
function
|
||
|
|
or the full name of a user defined alias macro. In the case of a builtin
|
||
|
|
function,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar arglist
|
||
|
|
can be in one of two forms:
|
||
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
||
|
|
<expr1>, <expr2>, ...
|
||
|
|
argname1 = <expr1>, argname2 = <expr2>, ...
|
||
|
|
.Ed
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
The two forms can in fact be intermixed, but the result is
|
||
|
|
unpredictable. Most arguments can be omitted; default values will
|
||
|
|
be supplied for them. The
|
||
|
|
.Ar argnames
|
||
|
|
can be unique prefixes
|
||
|
|
of the the argument names. The commas separating
|
||
|
|
arguments are used only to disambiguate, and can usually be omitted.
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
Only the first argument form is valid for user defined aliases. Aliases
|
||
|
|
are defined using the
|
||
|
|
.Ic alias
|
||
|
|
builtin function (see below). Arguments
|
||
|
|
are accessed via a variant of the variable mechanism (see ``$'' operator
|
||
|
|
above).
|
||
|
|
.Pp
|
||
|
|
Most functions return value, but some are used for side effect
|
||
|
|
only and so must be used as statements. When a function or an alias is used
|
||
|
|
as a statement, the parenthesis surrounding
|
||
|
|
the argument list may be omitted. Aliases return no value.
|
||
|
|
.El
|
||
|
|
.Ss Builtin Functions
|
||
|
|
The arguments are listed by name in their natural
|
||
|
|
order. Optional arguments are in square brackets
|
||
|
|
.Sq Op .
|
||
|
|
Arguments
|
||
|
|
that have no names are in angle brackets
|
||
|
|
.Sq <> .
|
||
|
|
An argument meant to be a boolean flag (often named
|
||
|
|
.Ar flag )
|
||
|
|
can be one of
|
||
|
|
.Ar on ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar off ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar yes ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar no ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar true ,
|
||
|
|
or
|
||
|
|
.Ar false ,
|
||
|
|
with
|
||
|
|
obvious meanings, or it can be a numeric expression,
|
||
|
|
in which case a non-zero value is true.
|
||
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic alias Ns Po Bq Aq Ar string ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Aq Ar string\-list Pc
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
If no argument is given, all currently defined alias macros are
|
||
|
|
listed. Otherwise,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string
|
||
|
|
is defined as an alias,
|
||
|
|
with expansion
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string\-list > .
|
||
|
|
The previous definition of
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string ,
|
||
|
|
if any, is returned. Default for
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string\-list
|
||
|
|
is no change.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic close Ns Pq Aq Ar window\-list
|
||
|
|
Close the windows specified in
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar window\-list .
|
||
|
|
If
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar window\-list
|
||
|
|
is the word
|
||
|
|
.Ar all ,
|
||
|
|
than all windows are closed. No value is returned.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic cursormodes Ns Pq Bq Ar modes
|
||
|
|
Set the window cursor to
|
||
|
|
.Ar modes .
|
||
|
|
.Ar Modes
|
||
|
|
is the bitwise
|
||
|
|
or of the mode bits defined as the variables
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_ul
|
||
|
|
(underline),
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_rev
|
||
|
|
(reverse video),
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_blk
|
||
|
|
(blinking),
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_grp
|
||
|
|
(graphics, terminal dependent). Return
|
||
|
|
value is the previous modes. Default is no change.
|
||
|
|
For example,
|
||
|
|
.Li cursor($m_rev$m_blk)
|
||
|
|
sets the window cursors to blinking
|
||
|
|
reverse video.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic default_nline Ns Pq Bq Ar nline
|
||
|
|
Set the default buffer size to
|
||
|
|
.Ar nline .
|
||
|
|
Initially, it is
|
||
|
|
48 lines. Returns the old default buffer size. Default is
|
||
|
|
no change. Using a very large buffer can slow the program down
|
||
|
|
considerably.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic default_shell Ns Pq Bq Aq Ar string\-list
|
||
|
|
Set the default window shell program to
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string\-list .
|
||
|
|
Returns
|
||
|
|
the first string in the old shell setting. Default is no change. Initially,
|
||
|
|
the default shell is taken from the environment variable
|
||
|
|
.Ev SHELL .
|
||
|
|
.It Ic default_smooth Ns Pq Bq Ar flag
|
||
|
|
Set the default value of the
|
||
|
|
.Ar smooth
|
||
|
|
argument
|
||
|
|
to the command
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
(see below). The argument
|
||
|
|
is a boolean flag (one of
|
||
|
|
.Ar on ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar off ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar yes ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar no ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar true ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar false ,
|
||
|
|
or a number,
|
||
|
|
as described above). Default is no change.
|
||
|
|
The old value (as a number) is returned.
|
||
|
|
The initial value is 1 (true).
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic echo Ns ( Op Ar window ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Aq Ar string\-list )
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Write the list of strings,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string-list ,
|
||
|
|
to
|
||
|
|
.Nm window ,
|
||
|
|
separated
|
||
|
|
by spaces and terminated with a new line. The strings are only
|
||
|
|
displayed in the window, the processes in the window are not
|
||
|
|
involved (see
|
||
|
|
.Ic write
|
||
|
|
below). No value is returned. Default
|
||
|
|
is the current window.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic escape Ns Pq Bq Ar escapec
|
||
|
|
Set the escape character to
|
||
|
|
.Ar escape-char .
|
||
|
|
Returns the old
|
||
|
|
escape character as a one-character string. Default is no
|
||
|
|
change.
|
||
|
|
.Ar Escapec
|
||
|
|
can be a string of a single character, or
|
||
|
|
in the form
|
||
|
|
.Fl ^X ,
|
||
|
|
meaning
|
||
|
|
.No control\- Ns Ar X .
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic foreground Ns ( Bq Ar window ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar flag )
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Move
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
in or out of foreground.
|
||
|
|
.Ar Flag
|
||
|
|
is a boolean value. The old foreground flag
|
||
|
|
is returned. Default for
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
is the current window,
|
||
|
|
default for
|
||
|
|
.Ar flag
|
||
|
|
is no change.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic label Ns ( Bq Ar window ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar label )
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Set the label of
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
to
|
||
|
|
.Ar label .
|
||
|
|
Returns the old
|
||
|
|
label as a string. Default for
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
is the current
|
||
|
|
window, default for
|
||
|
|
.Ar label
|
||
|
|
is no change. To turn
|
||
|
|
off a label, set it to an empty string ("").
|
||
|
|
.It Ic list Ns Pq
|
||
|
|
No arguments. List the identifiers and labels of all windows. No
|
||
|
|
value is returned.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic select Ns Pq Bq Ar window
|
||
|
|
Make
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
the current window. The previous current window
|
||
|
|
is returned. Default is no change.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic source Ns Pq Ar filename
|
||
|
|
Read and execute the long commands in
|
||
|
|
.Ar filename .
|
||
|
|
Returns \-1 if the file cannot be read, 0 otherwise.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic terse Ns Pq Bq flag
|
||
|
|
Set terse mode to
|
||
|
|
.Ar flag .
|
||
|
|
In terse mode, the command window
|
||
|
|
stays hidden even in command mode, and errors are reported by
|
||
|
|
sounding the terminal's bell.
|
||
|
|
.Ar Flag
|
||
|
|
can take on the same
|
||
|
|
values as in
|
||
|
|
.Ar foreground
|
||
|
|
above. Returns the old terse flag.
|
||
|
|
Default is no change.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic unalias Ns Pq Ar alias
|
||
|
|
Undefine
|
||
|
|
.Ar alias .
|
||
|
|
Returns -1 if
|
||
|
|
.Ar alias
|
||
|
|
does not exist,
|
||
|
|
0 otherwise.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic unset Ns Pq Ar variable
|
||
|
|
Undefine
|
||
|
|
.Ar variable .
|
||
|
|
Returns -1 if
|
||
|
|
.Ar variable
|
||
|
|
does not exist,
|
||
|
|
0 otherwise.
|
||
|
|
.It Ic variables Ns Pq
|
||
|
|
No arguments. List all variables. No value is returned.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic window Ns ( Bq Ar row ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar column ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar nrow ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar ncol ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar nline ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar label ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar pty ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar frame ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar mapnl ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar keepopen ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar smooth ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Ar shell ) .
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Open a window with upper left corner at
|
||
|
|
.Ar row ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar column
|
||
|
|
and size
|
||
|
|
.Ar nrow ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar ncol .
|
||
|
|
If
|
||
|
|
.Ar nline
|
||
|
|
is specified,
|
||
|
|
then that many lines are allocated for the text buffer. Otherwise,
|
||
|
|
the default buffer size is used. Default values for
|
||
|
|
.Ar row ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar column ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar nrow ,
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Ar ncol
|
||
|
|
are, respectively,
|
||
|
|
the upper, left-most, lower, or right-most extremes of the
|
||
|
|
screen.
|
||
|
|
.Ar Label
|
||
|
|
is the label string.
|
||
|
|
.Ar Frame ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar pty ,
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Ar mapnl
|
||
|
|
are flag values
|
||
|
|
interpreted in the same way as the argument to
|
||
|
|
.Ar foreground
|
||
|
|
(see above);
|
||
|
|
they mean, respectively, put a frame around this window (default true),
|
||
|
|
allocate pseudo-terminal for this window rather than socketpair (default
|
||
|
|
true), and map new line characters in this window to carriage return
|
||
|
|
and line feed (default true if socketpair is used, false otherwise).
|
||
|
|
Normally, a window is automatically closed when its process
|
||
|
|
exits. Setting
|
||
|
|
.Ar keepopen
|
||
|
|
to true (default false) prevents this
|
||
|
|
action. When
|
||
|
|
.Ar smooth
|
||
|
|
is true, the screen is updated more frequently
|
||
|
|
(for this window) to produce a more terminal-like behavior.
|
||
|
|
The default value of
|
||
|
|
.Ar smooth
|
||
|
|
is set by the
|
||
|
|
.Ar default_smooth
|
||
|
|
command (see above).
|
||
|
|
.Ar Shell
|
||
|
|
is a list of strings that will be used as the shell
|
||
|
|
program to place in the window (default is the program specified
|
||
|
|
by
|
||
|
|
.Ar default_shell ,
|
||
|
|
see above). The created window's identifier
|
||
|
|
is returned as a number.
|
||
|
|
.It Xo
|
||
|
|
.Ic write Ns ( Bq Ar window ,
|
||
|
|
.Bq Aq Ar string\-list )
|
||
|
|
.Xc
|
||
|
|
Send the list of strings,
|
||
|
|
.Aq Ar string-list ,
|
||
|
|
to
|
||
|
|
.Nm window ,
|
||
|
|
separated
|
||
|
|
by spaces but not terminated with a new line. The strings are actually
|
||
|
|
given to the window as input. No value is returned. Default
|
||
|
|
is the current window.
|
||
|
|
.El
|
||
|
|
.Ss Predefined Variables
|
||
|
|
These variables are for information only. Redefining them does
|
||
|
|
not affect the internal operation of
|
||
|
|
.Nm window .
|
||
|
|
.Bl -tag -width modes
|
||
|
|
.It Ar baud
|
||
|
|
The baud rate as a number between 50 and 38400.
|
||
|
|
.It Ar modes
|
||
|
|
The display modes (reverse video, underline, blinking, graphics)
|
||
|
|
supported by the physical terminal. The value of
|
||
|
|
.Ar modes
|
||
|
|
is the bitwise or of some of the one bit values,
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_blk ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_grp ,
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_rev ,
|
||
|
|
and
|
||
|
|
.Ar m_ul
|
||
|
|
(see below).
|
||
|
|
These values are useful
|
||
|
|
in setting the window cursors' modes (see
|
||
|
|
.Ar cursormodes
|
||
|
|
above).
|
||
|
|
.It Ar m_blk
|
||
|
|
The blinking mode bit.
|
||
|
|
.It Ar m_grp
|
||
|
|
The graphics mode bit (not very useful).
|
||
|
|
.It Ar m_rev
|
||
|
|
The reverse video mode bit.
|
||
|
|
.It Ar m_ul
|
||
|
|
The underline mode bit.
|
||
|
|
.It Ar ncol
|
||
|
|
The number of columns on the physical screen.
|
||
|
|
.It Ar nrow
|
||
|
|
The number of rows on the physical screen.
|
||
|
|
.It Ar term
|
||
|
|
The terminal type. The standard name, found in the second name
|
||
|
|
field of the terminal's
|
||
|
|
.Ev TERMCAP
|
||
|
|
entry, is used.
|
||
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
||
|
|
.Nm Window
|
||
|
|
utilizes these environment variables:
|
||
|
|
.Ev HOME ,
|
||
|
|
.Ev SHELL ,
|
||
|
|
.Ev TERM ,
|
||
|
|
.Ev TERMCAP ,
|
||
|
|
.Ev WINDOW_ID .
|
||
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
||
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /dev/[pt]ty[pq]? -compact
|
||
|
|
.It Pa ~/.windowrc
|
||
|
|
startup command file.
|
||
|
|
.It Pa /dev/[pt]ty[pq]?
|
||
|
|
pseudo-terminal devices.
|
||
|
|
.El
|
||
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
||
|
|
The
|
||
|
|
.Nm window
|
||
|
|
command appeared in
|
||
|
|
.Bx 4.3 .
|
||
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
||
|
|
Should be self explanatory.
|