NetBSD/usr.bin/passwd/passwd.1

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.\" $NetBSD: passwd.1,v 1.13 2000/02/14 04:36:21 aidan Exp $
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
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.\" from: @(#)passwd.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 6, 1993
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.Dt PASSWD 1
.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm passwd ,
.Nm yppasswd ,
.Nm kpasswd
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.Nd modify a user's password
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm passwd
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.Op Fl l
.Op Ar user
.Nm passwd
.Op Fl y
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.Op Ar user
.Nm passwd
.Op Fl 4
.Op Fl k
.Op Fl i Ar instance
.Op Fl r Ar realm
.Op Fl u Ar fullname
.Op Ar user
.Nm passwd
.Op Fl 5
.Op Fl k
.Op Fl u Ar fullname
.Op Ar user
.Nm kpasswd
.Op Fl 4
.Op Fl k
.Op Fl i Ar instance
.Op Fl r Ar realm
.Op Fl u Ar fullname
.Op Ar user
.Nm kpasswd
.Op Fl 5
.Op Fl k
.Op Fl u Ar fullname
.Op Ar user
.Nm yppasswd
.Op Ar user
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
changes the user's local, YP, or kerberos password. First, the user is
prompted for their current password.
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If the current password is correctly typed, a new password is
requested.
The new password must be entered twice to avoid typing errors.
.Pp
The new password should be at least six characters long and not
purely alphabetic.
Its total length must be less than
.Dv _PASSWORD_LEN
(currently 128 characters).
Numbers, upper case letters and meta characters
are encouraged.
.Pp
All options may not be available on all systems.
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.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl l
This option causes the password to be updated only in the local
password file. When changing only the local password,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
is used to update the password databases.
.It Fl y
This forces the YP password database entry to be changed, even if
the user has an entry in the local database. The
.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
daemon should be running on the YP master server.
.Nm yppasswd
is the equivalent of
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.Nm
with the
.Fl y
flag.
.It Fl 4
This option causes passwd to change the user's kerberos password,
using the kerberos 4 admin protocol.
.It Fl 5
This option causes passwd to change the user's kerberos password,
using the kerberos 5 admin protocol.
.It Fl k
This option causes passwd to change the user's kerberos password,
using either the kerberos 4 or kerberos 5 admin protocol.
If both kerberos 4 and kerberos 5 libraries and config files are
installed on the host, kerberos 5 will be used to change the password.
.Nm kpasswd
is the equivalent of
.Nm
with the
.Fl k
flag.
.It Fl i Ar instance
This option selects a non-default Kerberos 4 instance for the
Kerberos password to be changed.
.It Fl r Ar realm
This option selects a non-default Kerberos 4 realm for the Kerberos
password to be changed.
.It Fl u Ar fullname
This option specifies the entire principal.instance@realm (for Kerberos
4) or principal/instance@realm (for Kerberos 5) for the Kerberos
password to be changed.
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.El
.Pp
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This is the behavior if no flags are specified:
If Kerberos is active then
.Nm
will talk to the Kerberos server, attempting to use Kerberos 5, then
Kerberos 4 protocols to change the password (even if the user has an
entry in the local database.)
If Kerberos is unavailable, an attempt is made to use the YP database.
If the password is not in the YP database, then
an attempt is made to use the local password database.
.Pp
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The super-user is not required to provide a user's current password
if only the local password is modified.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
The user database
.It Pa /etc/passwd
A Version 7 format password file
.It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
Temporary copy of the password file
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chpass 1 ,
.Xr login 1 ,
.Xr passwd 5 ,
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
.Xr vipw 8
.Rs
.%A Robert Morris
.%A Ken Thompson
.%T "UNIX password security"
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
.At v6 .