1997-05-27 03:07:31 +04:00
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.\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.23 1997/05/26 23:07:31 pk Exp $
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1996-08-30 21:59:37 +04:00
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.\"
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.\" from: @(#)make.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.\"
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.Dd March 19, 1994
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.Dt MAKE 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm make
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.Nd maintain program dependencies
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm make
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.Op Fl Beiknqrst
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.Op Fl D Ar variable
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.Op Fl d Ar flags
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.Op Fl f Ar makefile
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.Op Fl I Ar directory
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
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1996-03-06 03:15:17 +03:00
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.Op Fl m Ar directory
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.Ek
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.Op Fl V Ar variable
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.Op Ar variable=value
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.Op Ar target ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Make
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is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
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Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
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and other files depend.
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If the file
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.Ql Pa makefile
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exists, it is read for this list of specifications.
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If it does not exist, the file
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.Ql Pa Makefile
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is read.
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If the file
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.Ql Pa .depend
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exists, it is read (see
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.Xr mkdep 1) .
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.Pp
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This manual page is intended as a reference document only.
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For a more thorough description of
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.Nm make
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and makefiles, please refer to
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.%T "Make \- A Tutorial" .
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.It Fl B
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1995-11-03 02:54:35 +03:00
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Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
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by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.It Fl D Ar variable
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1995-04-29 21:05:08 +04:00
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Define
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.Ar variable
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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to be 1, in the global context.
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.It Fl d Ar flags
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Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
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.Nm make
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are to print debugging information.
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.Ar Flags
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is one or more of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ar A
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Print all possible debugging information;
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equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
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.It Ar a
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Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
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.It Ar c
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Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
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.It Ar d
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Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
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.It Ar "g1"
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Print the input graph before making anything.
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.It Ar "g2"
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Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
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on error.
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.It Ar j
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Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
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.It Ar m
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Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
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dates.
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.It Ar s
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Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
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.It Ar t
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Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
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.It Ar v
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Print debugging information about variable assignment.
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.El
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.It Fl e
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Specify that environmental variables override macro assignments within
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makefiles.
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.It Fl f Ar makefile
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Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
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.Ql Pa makefile
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and
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.Ql Pa Makefile .
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If
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.Ar makefile
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is
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.Ql Fl ,
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standard input is read.
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Multiple makefile's may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
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.It Fl I Ar directory
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Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
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1996-03-06 03:15:17 +03:00
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The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
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.Fl m
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option) is automatically included as part of this list.
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.It Fl i
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Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
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Equivalent to specifying
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.Ql Fl
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before each command line in the makefile.
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.It Fl j Ar max_jobs
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Specify the maximum number of jobs that
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.Nm make
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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may have running at any one time. Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
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1995-11-08 05:30:53 +03:00
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.Ar B
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flag is also specified.
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.It Fl k
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Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
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that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
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1996-03-06 03:15:17 +03:00
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.It Fl m Ar directory
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Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles included
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via the <...> style. Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
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This path will override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk.
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Furthermore the system include path will be appended to the search path used
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for "..."-style inclusions (see the
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.Fl I
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option).
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.It Fl n
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Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not actually
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execute them.
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.It Fl q
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Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets are
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up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
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.It Fl r
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Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
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.It Fl s
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Do not echo any commands as they are executed.
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Equivalent to specifying
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.Ql Ic @
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before each command line in the makefile.
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.It Fl t
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Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
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or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
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1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
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.It Fl V Ar variable
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Print
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.Nm make Ns 's
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idea of the value of
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.Ar variable ,
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in the global context.
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Do not build any targets.
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Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
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the variables will be printed one per line,
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with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.It Ar variable=value
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Set the value of the variable
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.Ar variable
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to
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.Ar value .
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.El
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.Pp
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1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
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There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
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1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
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conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.Pp
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In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
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them with a backslash
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.Pq Ql \e .
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The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
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line are compressed into a single space.
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.Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
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Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
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or more sources.
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This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend'' on the sources
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and are usually created from them.
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The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
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by the operator that separates them.
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The three operators are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Ic \&:
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A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
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those of any of its sources.
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Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
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is used.
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The target is removed if
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.Nm make
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is interrupted.
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.It Ic \&!
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Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
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examined and re-created as necessary.
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Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
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is used.
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The target is removed if
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.Nm make
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is interrupted.
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.It Ic \&::
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If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
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Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
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been modified more recently than the target.
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Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
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operator is used.
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The target will not be removed if
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.Nm make
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is interrupted.
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.El
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.Pp
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Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values
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.Ql ? ,
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.Ql * ,
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.Ql []
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and
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.Ql {} .
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The values
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.Ql ? ,
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.Ql *
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and
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.Ql []
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may only be used as part of the final
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component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
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files.
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The value
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.Ql {}
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need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
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Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
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.Sh SHELL COMMANDS
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Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
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used to create the target.
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Each of the commands in this script
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.Em must
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be preceded by a tab.
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While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
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dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
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.Ql Ic ::
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operator is used.
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.Pp
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If the first or first two characters of the command line are
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.Ql Ic @
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and/or
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.Ql Ic \- ,
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the command is treated specially.
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A
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.Ql Ic @
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causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
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A
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.Ql Ic \-
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causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
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.Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
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|
Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
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consist of all upper-case letters.
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The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
|
|
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follows:
|
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|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
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|
.It Ic \&=
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Assign the value to the variable.
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Any previous value is overridden.
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.It Ic \&+=
|
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|
Append the value to the current value of the variable.
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.It Ic \&?=
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|
Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
|
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.It Ic \&:=
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|
Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
|
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|
to the variable.
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Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
|
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.It Ic \&!=
|
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|
Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
|
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|
the result to the variable.
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Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces.
|
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.El
|
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.Pp
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|
Any white-space before the assigned
|
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.Ar value
|
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is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
|
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|
between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
|
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|
.Pp
|
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|
Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
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curly braces
|
|
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.Pq Ql {}
|
1995-01-23 23:34:59 +03:00
|
|
|
or parentheses
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Pq Ql ()
|
|
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|
and preceding it with
|
|
|
|
a dollar sign
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \&$ .
|
|
|
|
If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
|
1995-01-23 23:34:59 +03:00
|
|
|
braces or parentheses are not required.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
This shorter form is not recommended.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
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|
Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
|
|
|
|
the variable is being used.
|
|
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|
Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
|
|
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|
Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
|
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|
|
executed.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
|
|
|
|
are:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
|
|
.It Environment variables
|
|
|
|
Variables defined as part of
|
|
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|
.Nm make Ns 's
|
|
|
|
environment.
|
|
|
|
.It Global variables
|
|
|
|
Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
|
|
|
|
.It Command line variables
|
|
|
|
Variables defined as part of the command line.
|
|
|
|
.It Local variables
|
|
|
|
Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
|
|
|
|
The seven local variables are as follows:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
|
|
|
|
.It Va .ALLSRC
|
|
|
|
The list of all sources for this target; also known as
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va \&> .
|
|
|
|
.It Va .ARCHIVE
|
|
|
|
The name of the archive file.
|
|
|
|
.It Va .IMPSRC
|
|
|
|
The name/path of the source from which the target is to be transformed
|
|
|
|
(the ``implied'' source); also known as
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va \&< .
|
|
|
|
.It Va .MEMBER
|
|
|
|
The name of the archive member.
|
|
|
|
.It Va .OODATE
|
|
|
|
The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-of-date; also
|
|
|
|
known as
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va \&? .
|
|
|
|
.It Va .PREFIX
|
|
|
|
The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion, no suffix
|
|
|
|
or preceding directory components; also known as
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va * .
|
|
|
|
.It Va .TARGET
|
|
|
|
The name of the target; also known as
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va @ .
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The shorter forms
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va @ ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va ? ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va \&>
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va *
|
|
|
|
are permitted for backward
|
|
|
|
compatibility with historical makefiles and are not recommended.
|
|
|
|
The six variables
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va "@F" ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va "@D" ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va "<F" ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va "<D" ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va "*F"
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va "*D"
|
|
|
|
are
|
|
|
|
permitted for compatibility with
|
|
|
|
.At V
|
|
|
|
makefiles and are not recommended.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
|
|
|
|
because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
|
|
|
|
These variables are
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .TARGET ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .PREFIX ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .ARCHIVE ,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .MEMBER .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
In addition,
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
sets or knows about the following variables:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width MAKEFLAGS
|
|
|
|
.It Va \&$
|
|
|
|
A single dollar sign
|
|
|
|
.Ql \&$ ,
|
|
|
|
i.e.
|
|
|
|
.Ql \&$$
|
|
|
|
expands to a single dollar
|
|
|
|
sign.
|
|
|
|
.It Va .MAKE
|
|
|
|
The name that
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
was executed with
|
1997-05-27 01:04:28 +04:00
|
|
|
.Pq Va argv[0]
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Va .CURDIR
|
|
|
|
A path to the directory where
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
was executed.
|
1993-12-22 03:25:57 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Va .OBJDIR
|
|
|
|
A path to the directory where the targets are built.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ev MAKEFLAGS
|
|
|
|
The environment variable
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
|
|
|
|
may contain anything that
|
|
|
|
may be specified on
|
|
|
|
.Nm make Ns 's
|
|
|
|
command line.
|
|
|
|
Anything specified on
|
|
|
|
.Nm make Ns 's
|
|
|
|
command line is appended to the
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
|
|
|
|
variable which is then
|
|
|
|
entered into the environment for all programs which
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
executes.
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ev PWD
|
|
|
|
Alternate path to the current directory.
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
normally sets
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .CURDIR
|
|
|
|
to the canonical path given by
|
|
|
|
.Xr getcwd 2 .
|
|
|
|
However, if the environment variable
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ev PWD
|
|
|
|
is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
sets
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .CURDIR
|
|
|
|
to the value of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ev PWD
|
|
|
|
instead.
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ev PWD
|
|
|
|
is set to the value of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Va .OBJDIR
|
|
|
|
for all programs which
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
executes.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
|
|
|
|
variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of characters).
|
|
|
|
The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
|
|
|
|
special characters.
|
|
|
|
The colon may be escaped with a backslash
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \e .
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Cm E\&
|
|
|
|
.It Cm E
|
|
|
|
Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
|
|
|
|
.It Cm H
|
|
|
|
Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
|
|
|
|
.It Cm M Ns Ar pattern
|
|
|
|
Select only those words that match the rest of the modifier.
|
|
|
|
The standard shell wildcard characters
|
|
|
|
.Pf ( Ql * ,
|
|
|
|
.Ql ? ,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ql Op )
|
|
|
|
may
|
|
|
|
be used.
|
|
|
|
The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \e .
|
|
|
|
.It Cm N Ns Ar pattern
|
|
|
|
This is identical to
|
|
|
|
.Ql Cm M ,
|
|
|
|
but selects all words which do not match
|
|
|
|
the rest of the modifier.
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Cm Q
|
|
|
|
Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
|
|
|
|
safely through recursive invocations of
|
|
|
|
.Nm .
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Cm R
|
|
|
|
Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
|
|
|
|
.Sm off
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
|
|
|
|
.No \&/ Ar new_string
|
|
|
|
.No \&/ Op Cm 1g
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
|
|
Modify the first occurrence of
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
|
|
|
in the variable's value, replacing it with
|
|
|
|
.Ar new_string .
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
If a
|
|
|
|
.Ql g
|
|
|
|
is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
|
|
|
|
in each word are replaced.
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
If a
|
|
|
|
.Ql 1
|
|
|
|
is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first word
|
|
|
|
is affected.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
If
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
|
|
|
begins with a caret
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Pq Ql ^ ,
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
is anchored at the beginning of each word.
|
|
|
|
If
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
ends with a dollar sign
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \&$ ,
|
|
|
|
it is anchored at the end of each word.
|
|
|
|
Inside
|
|
|
|
.Ar new_string ,
|
|
|
|
an ampersand
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql &
|
|
|
|
is replaced by
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
|
|
|
(without any
|
|
|
|
.Ql ^
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ql \&$ ) .
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
|
|
|
|
string.
|
|
|
|
The anchoring, ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
|
|
|
|
backslash
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \e .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
|
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ar new_string
|
|
|
|
with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
|
|
|
|
of a dollar sign
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \&$ ,
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
|
1996-12-24 20:36:27 +03:00
|
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
|
|
.It Cm C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
|
|
|
|
.No \&/ Ar replacement
|
|
|
|
.No \&/ Op Cm 1g
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Cm C
|
|
|
|
modifier is just like the
|
|
|
|
.Cm S
|
|
|
|
modifier except that the the old and new strings, instead of being
|
|
|
|
simple strings, are a regular expression (see
|
|
|
|
.Xr regex 3 )
|
|
|
|
and an
|
|
|
|
.Xr ed 1 Ns \-style
|
|
|
|
replacement string. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern in
|
|
|
|
each word of the value is changed. The
|
|
|
|
.Ql 1
|
|
|
|
modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
|
|
|
|
.Ql g
|
|
|
|
modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
|
|
|
|
search pattern as occur in the word or words it is found in. Note that
|
|
|
|
.Ql 1
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Ql g
|
|
|
|
are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
|
|
|
|
potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
|
|
|
|
potentially occur within each affected word.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Cm T
|
|
|
|
Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
|
|
|
|
.It Ar old_string=new_string
|
|
|
|
This is the
|
|
|
|
.At V
|
|
|
|
style variable substitution.
|
|
|
|
It must be the last modifier specified.
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
If
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ar new_string
|
|
|
|
do not contain the pattern matching character
|
|
|
|
.Ar %
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
then it is assumed that they are
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
words may be replaced. Otherwise
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar %
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
is the substring of
|
|
|
|
.Ar old_string
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
to be replaced in
|
|
|
|
.Ar new_string
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.El
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
.Sh INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
of the C programming language are provided in
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Nm make .
|
|
|
|
All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
|
|
|
|
dot
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \&.
|
|
|
|
character.
|
|
|
|
Files are included with either
|
|
|
|
.Ql .include <file>
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ql .include \*qfile\*q .
|
|
|
|
Variables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded
|
|
|
|
to form the file name.
|
|
|
|
If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is expected to be in
|
|
|
|
the system makefile directory.
|
|
|
|
If double quotes are used, the including makefile's directory and any
|
|
|
|
directories specified using the
|
|
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
|
|
option are searched before the system
|
|
|
|
makefile directory.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
|
1994-02-10 21:24:46 +03:00
|
|
|
character of a line.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
The possible conditionals are as follows:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .undef Ar variable
|
|
|
|
Un-define the specified global variable.
|
|
|
|
Only global variables may be un-defined.
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic \&.if
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator expression ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
Test the value of an expression.
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .ifdef
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator variable ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
1995-01-23 23:34:59 +03:00
|
|
|
Test the value of a variable.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .ifndef
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator variable ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
1995-01-23 23:34:59 +03:00
|
|
|
Test the value of a variable.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .ifmake
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator target ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
1995-01-23 23:34:59 +03:00
|
|
|
Test the target being built.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .ifnmake
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ar target
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator target ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
Test the target being built.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .else
|
|
|
|
Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .elif
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ar expression
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator expression ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
A combination of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .else
|
|
|
|
followed by
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .if .
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .elifdef
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator variable ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
A combination of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .else
|
|
|
|
followed by
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifdef .
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .elifndef
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator variable ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
A combination of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .else
|
|
|
|
followed by
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifndef .
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .elifmake
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator target ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
A combination of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .else
|
|
|
|
followed by
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifmake .
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic .elifnmake
|
|
|
|
.Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
|
|
|
|
.Op Ar operator target ...
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
A combination of
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .else
|
|
|
|
followed by
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifnmake .
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .endif
|
|
|
|
End the body of the conditional.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ar operator
|
|
|
|
may be any one of the following:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
|
|
|
|
.It Cm \&|\&|
|
|
|
|
logical OR
|
|
|
|
.It Cm \&&&
|
|
|
|
Logical
|
|
|
|
.Tn AND ;
|
|
|
|
of higher precedence than
|
|
|
|
.Dq .
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
As in C,
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
|
|
|
|
its value.
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
The boolean operator
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic \&!
|
|
|
|
may be used to logically negate an entire
|
|
|
|
conditional.
|
1994-02-10 21:24:46 +03:00
|
|
|
It is of higher precedence than
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ql Ic \&&& .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The value of
|
|
|
|
.Ar expression
|
|
|
|
may be any of the following:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ic defined
|
|
|
|
.It Ic defined
|
|
|
|
Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
|
|
|
|
has been defined.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic make
|
|
|
|
Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
|
|
|
|
was specified as part of
|
|
|
|
.Nm make Ns 's
|
|
|
|
command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
|
|
|
|
explicitly, see
|
|
|
|
.Va .MAIN )
|
|
|
|
before the line containing the conditional.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic empty
|
1994-02-10 21:24:46 +03:00
|
|
|
Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic exists
|
|
|
|
Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
|
|
|
|
The file is searched for on the system search path (see
|
|
|
|
.Va .PATH ) .
|
|
|
|
.It Ic target
|
|
|
|
Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
|
|
|
|
has been defined.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
.Ar Expression
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable expansion is
|
|
|
|
performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
|
|
|
|
values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
|
|
|
|
preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
|
|
|
|
The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after
|
|
|
|
variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ql Ic ==
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic "!="
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
operator is not an integral value, then
|
|
|
|
string comparison is performed between the expanded
|
|
|
|
variables.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
|
|
|
|
variable is being compared against 0.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
is evaluating one of these conditional expression, and it encounters
|
|
|
|
a word it doesn't recognize, either the ``make'' or ``defined''
|
|
|
|
expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
|
|
|
|
If the form is
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifdef
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifndef ,
|
|
|
|
the ``defined'' expression
|
|
|
|
is applied.
|
|
|
|
Similarly, if the form is
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifmake
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .ifnmake , the ``make''
|
|
|
|
expression is applied.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
|
|
|
|
as before.
|
|
|
|
If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
|
|
|
|
In both cases this continues until a
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .else
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Ql Ic .endif
|
|
|
|
is found.
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
|
|
|
|
The syntax of a for loop is:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic \&.for
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar variable
|
|
|
|
.Ic in
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ar expression
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
<make-rules>
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
|
|
.Ic \&.endfor
|
|
|
|
.Xc
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
After the for
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ic expression
|
|
|
|
is evaluated, it is split into words. The
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
iteration
|
|
|
|
.Ic variable
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
is successively set to each word, and substituted in the
|
|
|
|
.Ic make-rules
|
1994-03-05 03:34:29 +03:00
|
|
|
inside the body of the for loop.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Sh COMMENTS
|
|
|
|
Comments begin with a hash
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \&#
|
|
|
|
character, anywhere but in a shell
|
|
|
|
command line, and continue to the end of the line.
|
|
|
|
.Sh SPECIAL SOURCES
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ic .IGNORE
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .IGNORE
|
|
|
|
Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
|
|
|
|
as if they all were preceded by a dash
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql \- .
|
1997-03-11 00:19:49 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .MADE
|
|
|
|
Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .MAKE
|
|
|
|
Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
|
|
|
|
.Fl n
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
|
|
options were specified.
|
|
|
|
Normally used to mark recursive
|
|
|
|
.Nm make Ns 's .
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .NOTMAIN
|
|
|
|
Normally
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
|
|
|
|
if no target was specified.
|
|
|
|
This source prevents this target from being selected.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .OPTIONAL
|
|
|
|
If a target is marked with this attribute and
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
|
|
|
|
the file isn't needed or already exists.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .PRECIOUS
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
|
|
|
|
This source prevents the target from being removed.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .SILENT
|
|
|
|
Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
|
|
|
|
as if they all were preceded by an at sign
|
|
|
|
.Pq Ql @ .
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .USE
|
|
|
|
Turn the target into
|
1997-05-27 03:07:31 +04:00
|
|
|
.Nm make Ns 's
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
version of a macro.
|
|
|
|
When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
|
|
|
|
acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
|
|
|
|
.Ic .USE )
|
|
|
|
of the
|
|
|
|
source.
|
|
|
|
If the target already has commands, the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .USE
|
|
|
|
target's commands are appended
|
|
|
|
to them.
|
1995-12-16 08:03:09 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .WAIT
|
|
|
|
If special
|
|
|
|
.Ic .WAIT
|
|
|
|
source is appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
|
|
|
|
made before the sources that succeed it in the line. Loops are not being
|
|
|
|
detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh "SPECIAL TARGETS"
|
|
|
|
Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
|
|
|
|
the only target specified.
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ic .BEGIN
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .BEGIN
|
|
|
|
Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
|
|
|
|
else is done.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .DEFAULT
|
|
|
|
This is sort of a
|
|
|
|
.Ic .USE
|
|
|
|
rule for any target (that was used only as a
|
|
|
|
source) that
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
can't figure out any other way to create.
|
|
|
|
Only the shell script is used.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Ic .IMPSRC
|
|
|
|
variable of a target that inherits
|
|
|
|
.Ic .DEFAULT Ns 's
|
|
|
|
commands is set
|
|
|
|
to the target's own name.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .END
|
|
|
|
Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
|
|
|
|
else is done.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .IGNORE
|
|
|
|
Mark each of the sources with the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .IGNORE
|
|
|
|
attribute.
|
|
|
|
If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
|
|
|
|
.Fl i
|
|
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .INTERRUPT
|
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .MAIN
|
|
|
|
If no target is specified when
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
is invoked, this target will be built.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .MAKEFLAGS
|
|
|
|
This target provides a way to specify flags for
|
|
|
|
.Nm make
|
|
|
|
when the makefile is used.
|
|
|
|
The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
|
|
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
|
|
option will have
|
|
|
|
no effect.
|
1995-12-16 08:03:09 +03:00
|
|
|
.\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
|
|
|
|
.\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
|
|
|
|
.\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode. If no targets are
|
|
|
|
.\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
|
1997-05-09 01:24:41 +04:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .NOPATH
|
|
|
|
Apply the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .NOPATH
|
1997-05-09 02:34:34 +04:00
|
|
|
attribute to any specified sources. Targets with this attribute are not
|
|
|
|
searched for in the directories specified by
|
|
|
|
.Ic .PATH .
|
1995-12-16 08:03:09 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
|
|
|
|
Disable parallel mode.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .NO_PARALLEL
|
|
|
|
Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .ORDER
|
|
|
|
The named targets are made in sequence.
|
|
|
|
.\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
|
|
|
|
.\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
|
|
|
|
.\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode. If no targets are
|
|
|
|
.\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .PATH
|
|
|
|
The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
|
|
|
|
found in the current directory.
|
|
|
|
If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
|
|
|
|
deleted.
|
1996-03-16 00:52:32 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .PHONY
|
|
|
|
Apply the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .PHONY
|
1997-05-07 02:29:43 +04:00
|
|
|
attribute to any specified sources. Targets with this attribute do not
|
|
|
|
correspond to actual files; they are always considered to be out of date,
|
|
|
|
and will not be created with the
|
|
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
|
|
option.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.It Ic .PRECIOUS
|
|
|
|
Apply the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .PRECIOUS
|
|
|
|
attribute to any specified sources.
|
|
|
|
If no sources are specified, the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .PRECIOUS
|
|
|
|
attribute is applied to every
|
|
|
|
target in the file.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .SILENT
|
|
|
|
Apply the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .SILENT
|
|
|
|
attribute to any specified sources.
|
|
|
|
If no sources are specified, the
|
|
|
|
.Ic .SILENT
|
|
|
|
attribute is applied to every
|
|
|
|
command in the file.
|
|
|
|
.It Ic .SUFFIXES
|
|
|
|
Each source specifies a suffix to
|
|
|
|
.Nm make .
|
1993-12-22 03:25:57 +03:00
|
|
|
If no sources are specified, any previous specified suffices are deleted.
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
|
|
.Nm Make
|
|
|
|
utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist:
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ev MACHINE ,
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ev MAKE ,
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ev MAKEFLAGS ,
|
|
|
|
.Ev MAKEOBJDIR ,
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
and
|
1996-11-06 20:58:58 +03:00
|
|
|
.Ev PWD .
|
1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /usr/share/mk -compact
|
|
|
|
.It .depend
|
|
|
|
list of dependencies
|
|
|
|
.It Makefile
|
|
|
|
list of dependencies
|
|
|
|
.It makefile
|
|
|
|
list of dependencies
|
|
|
|
.It sys.mk
|
|
|
|
system makefile
|
|
|
|
.It /usr/share/mk
|
|
|
|
system makefile directory
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.Xr mkdep 1
|
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
|
.Nm Make
|
|
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
|
|
.At v7 .
|