357 lines
10 KiB
Groff
357 lines
10 KiB
Groff
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)more.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 4/18/91
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.\"
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.TH MORE 1 "April 18, 1991"
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.UC 4
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.SH NAME
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more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B more
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[
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.B \-cdflsu
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]
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[
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.B \-\fIn\fP
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]
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[
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.B +\fIlinenumber\fP
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]
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[
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.B +/\fIpattern\fP
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] [ name ... ]
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.LP
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.B page
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.I "more options"
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I More
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is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
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one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
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It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
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at the bottom of the screen.
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If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
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If the user hits a space,
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another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later.
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.PP
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The command line options are:
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.TP
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.I \-n
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An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
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.I more
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will use instead of the default.
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.TP
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.B \-c
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.I More
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will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
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each line just before it draws on it.
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This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
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.I more
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is writing.
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This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
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to clear to the end of a line.
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.TP
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.B \-d
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.I More
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will prompt the user with the message "Press
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space to continue, \'q\' to quit." at the end of each screenful,
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and will respond to subsequent illegal user input by
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printing "Press \'h\' for instructions." instead of ringing the bell.
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This is useful if
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.I more
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is being used as a filter in some setting,
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such as a class,
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where many users may be unsophisticated.
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.TP
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.B \-f
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This causes
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.I more
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to count logical, rather than screen lines.
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That is, long lines are not folded.
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This option is recommended if
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.I nroff
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output is being piped through
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.I ul,
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since the latter may generate escape sequences.
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These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
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screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
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terminal as part of an escape sequence.
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Thus
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.I more
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may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
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lines erroneously.
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.TP
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.B \-l
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Do
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not treat ^\&L (form feed) specially.
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If this option is not given,
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.I more
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will pause after any line that contains a ^\&L, as if the end of a
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screenful had been reached.
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Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
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before the file is printed.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
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line. Especially helpful when viewing
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.I nroff
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output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
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.TP
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.B \-u
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Normally,
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.I more
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will handle underlining such as produced by
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.I nroff
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in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
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perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
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.I more
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will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
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mode for underlined information in the source file. The
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.I \-u
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option suppresses this processing.
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.TP
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.B +\fIlinenumber\fP
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Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
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.TP
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.B +/\fIpattern\fP
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Start up two lines before the line containing the
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regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
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.PP
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If the program is invoked as
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.I page,
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then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
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if a full screenful is being printed), and
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.I k
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\- 1 rather
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than
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.I k
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\- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
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.I k
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is the number of lines the terminal can display.
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.PP
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.I More
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looks in the file
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.I /etc/termcap
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to determine terminal characteristics,
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and to determine the default window size.
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On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
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the default window size is 22 lines.
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.PP
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.I More
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looks in the environment variable
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.I MORE
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to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using
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the
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.I \-c
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mode of operation, the
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.I csh
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command
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.I "setenv MORE -c"
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or the
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.I sh
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command sequence
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.I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
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would cause all invocations of
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.I more ,
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including invocations by programs such as
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.I man
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and
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.I msgs ,
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to use this mode.
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Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
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.I MORE
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environment variable in the
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.I .cshrc
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or
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.I .profile
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file.
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.PP
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If
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.I more
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is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
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along with the --More-- prompt.
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This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
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read so far.
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.PP
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Other sequences which may be typed when
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.I more
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pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
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argument, defaulting to 1) :
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fP<space>
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display
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.I i
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more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
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.PP
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.IP ^D
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display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
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If
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.I i
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is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
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.PP
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.IP d
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same as ^D (control-D)
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fPz
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same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
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window size.
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fPs
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skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fPf
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skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fPb
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skip back \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fP^B
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same as b
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.PP
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.IP "q or Q"
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Exit from
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.I more.
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.PP
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.IP =
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Display the current line number.
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.PP
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.IP v
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Start up the editor
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.I vi
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at the current line.
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.PP
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.IP h
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Help command; give a description of all the
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.I more
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commands.
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fP/expr
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search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
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If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
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and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
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then the position in the file remains unchanged.
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Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
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where the expression was found.
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The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
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expression.
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Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fPn
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search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
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.PP
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.IP \'
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(single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
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If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
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goes back to the beginning of the file.
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.PP
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.IP !command
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invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
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The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
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current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
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If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
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The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fP:n
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skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
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(skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
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.PP
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.IP \fIi\|\fP:p
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skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
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If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
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file, then
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.I more
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goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
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.I more
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skips back to the first file.
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If
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.I more
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is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
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.PP
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.IP :f
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display the current file name and line number.
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.PP
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.IP ":q or :Q"
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exit from
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.I more
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(same as q or Q).
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.PP
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.IP .
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(dot) repeat the previous command.
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.PP
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The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
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type a carriage return.
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Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
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the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
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argument being formed.
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In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
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--More--(xx%) message.
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.PP
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At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
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hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
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.I More
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will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
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prompt.
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The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
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Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
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fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
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are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
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.PP
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The terminal is set to
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.I noecho
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mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
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What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
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commands.
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.PP
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If the standard output is not a teletype, then
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.I more
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acts just like
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.I cat,
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except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
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more than one).
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.PP
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.DT
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A sample usage of
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.I more
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in previewing
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.I nroff
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output would be
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.PP
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nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
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.SH FILES
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.DT
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/etc/termcap Terminal data base
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.br
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/usr/lib/more.help Help file
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
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.SH BUGS
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Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.
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