NetBSD/sys/dev/pci/azalia.c

/*	$NetBSD: azalia.c,v 1.20 2006/05/07 08:31:44 kent Exp $	*/

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2005 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by TAMURA Kent
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *        This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
 *        Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * High Definition Audio Specification
 *	ftp://download.intel.com/standards/hdaudio/pdf/HDAudio_03.pdf
 *
 *
 * TO DO:
 *  - S/PDIF
 *  - power hook
 *  - multiple codecs (needed?)
 *  - multiple streams (needed?)
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: azalia.c,v 1.20 2006/05/07 08:31:44 kent Exp $");

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/device.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <dev/audio_if.h>
#include <dev/auconv.h>
#include <dev/pci/pcidevs.h>
#include <dev/pci/pcivar.h>

#include <dev/pci/azalia.h>

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 * ICH6/ICH7 constant values
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* PCI registers */
#define ICH_PCI_HDBARL	0x10
#define ICH_PCI_HDBARU	0x14
#define ICH_PCI_HDCTL	0x40
#define		ICH_PCI_HDCTL_CLKDETCLR		0x08
#define		ICH_PCI_HDCTL_CLKDETEN		0x04
#define		ICH_PCI_HDCTL_CLKDETINV		0x02
#define		ICH_PCI_HDCTL_SIGNALMODE	0x01

/* internal types */

typedef struct {
	bus_dmamap_t map;
	caddr_t addr;		/* kernel virtual address */
	bus_dma_segment_t segments[1];
	size_t size;
} azalia_dma_t;
#define AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(p)	((p)->map->dm_segs[0].ds_addr)

typedef struct {
	struct azalia_t *az;
	int regbase;
	int number;
	int dir;		/* AUMODE_PLAY or AUMODE_RECORD */
	uint32_t intr_bit;
	azalia_dma_t bdlist;
	azalia_dma_t buffer;
	void (*intr)(void*);
	void *intr_arg;
	bus_addr_t dmaend, dmanext; /* XXX needed? */
} stream_t;
#define STR_READ_1(s, r)	\
	bus_space_read_1((s)->az->iot, (s)->az->ioh, (s)->regbase + HDA_SD_##r)
#define STR_READ_2(s, r)	\
	bus_space_read_2((s)->az->iot, (s)->az->ioh, (s)->regbase + HDA_SD_##r)
#define STR_READ_4(s, r)	\
	bus_space_read_4((s)->az->iot, (s)->az->ioh, (s)->regbase + HDA_SD_##r)
#define STR_WRITE_1(s, r, v)	\
	bus_space_write_1((s)->az->iot, (s)->az->ioh, (s)->regbase + HDA_SD_##r, v)
#define STR_WRITE_2(s, r, v)	\
	bus_space_write_2((s)->az->iot, (s)->az->ioh, (s)->regbase + HDA_SD_##r, v)
#define STR_WRITE_4(s, r, v)	\
	bus_space_write_4((s)->az->iot, (s)->az->ioh, (s)->regbase + HDA_SD_##r, v)

typedef struct azalia_t {
	struct device dev;
	struct device *audiodev;

	pci_chipset_tag_t pc;
	void *ih;
	bus_space_tag_t iot;
	bus_space_handle_t ioh;
	bus_size_t map_size;
	bus_dma_tag_t dmat;

	codec_t codecs[15];
	int ncodecs;		/* number of codecs */
	int codecno;		/* index of the using codec */

	azalia_dma_t corb_dma;
	int corb_size;
	azalia_dma_t rirb_dma;
	int rirb_size;
	int rirb_rp;

	boolean_t ok64;
	int nistreams, nostreams, nbstreams;
	stream_t pstream;
	stream_t rstream;

	int running;
} azalia_t;
#define XNAME(sc)		((sc)->dev.dv_xname)
#define AZ_READ_1(z, r)		bus_space_read_1((z)->iot, (z)->ioh, HDA_##r)
#define AZ_READ_2(z, r)		bus_space_read_2((z)->iot, (z)->ioh, HDA_##r)
#define AZ_READ_4(z, r)		bus_space_read_4((z)->iot, (z)->ioh, HDA_##r)
#define AZ_WRITE_1(z, r, v)	bus_space_write_1((z)->iot, (z)->ioh, HDA_##r, v)
#define AZ_WRITE_2(z, r, v)	bus_space_write_2((z)->iot, (z)->ioh, HDA_##r, v)
#define AZ_WRITE_4(z, r, v)	bus_space_write_4((z)->iot, (z)->ioh, HDA_##r, v)


/* prototypes */
static int	azalia_pci_match(struct device *, struct cfdata *, void *);
static void	azalia_pci_attach(struct device *, struct device *, void *);
static int	azalia_pci_activate(struct device *, enum devact);
static int	azalia_pci_detach(struct device *, int);
static int	azalia_intr(void *);
static int	azalia_attach(azalia_t *);
static void	azalia_attach_intr(struct device *);
static int	azalia_init_corb(azalia_t *);
static int	azalia_delete_corb(azalia_t *);
static int	azalia_init_rirb(azalia_t *);
static int	azalia_delete_rirb(azalia_t *);
static int	azalia_set_command(const azalia_t *, nid_t, int, uint32_t,
	uint32_t);
static int	azalia_get_response(azalia_t *, uint32_t *);
static int	azalia_alloc_dmamem(azalia_t *, size_t, size_t, azalia_dma_t *);
static int	azalia_free_dmamem(const azalia_t *, azalia_dma_t*);

static int	azalia_codec_init(codec_t *);
static int	azalia_codec_delete(codec_t *);
static int	azalia_codec_construct_format(codec_t *);
static void	azalia_codec_add_bits(codec_t *, int, uint32_t, int);
static void	azalia_codec_add_format(codec_t *, int, int, int, uint32_t,
	int32_t);
static int	azalia_codec_comresp(const codec_t *, nid_t, uint32_t,
	uint32_t, uint32_t *);
static int	azalia_codec_connect_stream(codec_t *, int, uint16_t, int);

static int	azalia_mixer_init(codec_t *);
static int	azalia_mixer_delete(codec_t *);
static int	azalia_mixer_get(const codec_t *, mixer_ctrl_t *);
static int	azalia_mixer_set(codec_t *, const mixer_ctrl_t *);
static int	azalia_mixer_ensure_capacity(codec_t *, size_t);
static u_char	azalia_mixer_from_device_value(const codec_t *,
	const mixer_item_t *, uint32_t );
static uint32_t	azalia_mixer_to_device_value(const codec_t *,
	const mixer_item_t *, u_char);
static boolean_t azalia_mixer_validate_value(const codec_t *,
	const mixer_item_t *, u_char);

static int	azalia_widget_init(widget_t *, const codec_t *, int);
static int	azalia_widget_init_audio(widget_t *, const codec_t *);
static int	azalia_widget_print_audio(const widget_t *, const char *);
static int	azalia_widget_init_pin(widget_t *, const codec_t *);
static int	azalia_widget_print_pin(const widget_t *);
static int	azalia_widget_init_connection(widget_t *, const codec_t *);

static int	azalia_stream_init(stream_t *, azalia_t *, int, int, int);
static int	azalia_stream_delete(stream_t *, azalia_t *);
static int	azalia_stream_reset(stream_t *);
static int	azalia_stream_start(stream_t *, void *, void *, int,
	void (*)(void *), void *, uint16_t);
static int	azalia_stream_halt(stream_t *);
static int	azalia_stream_intr(stream_t *, uint32_t);

static int	azalia_open(void *, int);
static void	azalia_close(void *);
static int	azalia_query_encoding(void *, audio_encoding_t *);
static int	azalia_set_params(void *, int, int, audio_params_t *,
	audio_params_t *, stream_filter_list_t *, stream_filter_list_t *);
static int	azalia_round_blocksize(void *, int, int, const audio_params_t *);
static int	azalia_halt_output(void *);
static int	azalia_halt_input(void *);
static int	azalia_getdev(void *, struct audio_device *);
static int	azalia_set_port(void *, mixer_ctrl_t *);
static int	azalia_get_port(void *, mixer_ctrl_t *);
static int	azalia_query_devinfo(void *, mixer_devinfo_t *);
static void	*azalia_allocm(void *, int, size_t, struct malloc_type *, int);
static void	azalia_freem(void *, void *, struct malloc_type *);
static size_t	azalia_round_buffersize(void *, int, size_t);
static int	azalia_get_props(void *);
static int	azalia_trigger_output(void *, void *, void *, int,
	void (*)(void *), void *, const audio_params_t *);
static int	azalia_trigger_input(void *, void *, void *, int,
	void (*)(void *), void *, const audio_params_t *);

static int	azalia_params2fmt(const audio_params_t *, uint16_t *);

/* variables */
CFATTACH_DECL(azalia, sizeof(azalia_t),
    azalia_pci_match, azalia_pci_attach, azalia_pci_detach, azalia_pci_activate);

static const struct audio_hw_if azalia_hw_if = {
	azalia_open,
	azalia_close,
	NULL,			/* drain */
	azalia_query_encoding,
	azalia_set_params,
	azalia_round_blocksize,
	NULL,			/* commit_settings */
	NULL,			/* init_output */
	NULL,			/* init_input */
	NULL,			/* start_output */
	NULL,			/* satart_inpu */
	azalia_halt_output,
	azalia_halt_input,
	NULL,			/* speaker_ctl */
	azalia_getdev,
	NULL,			/* setfd */
	azalia_set_port,
	azalia_get_port,
	azalia_query_devinfo,
	azalia_allocm,
	azalia_freem,
	azalia_round_buffersize,
	NULL,			/* mappage */
	azalia_get_props,
	azalia_trigger_output,
	azalia_trigger_input,
	NULL,			/* dev_ioctl */
};

static const char *pin_colors[16] = {
	"unknown", "black", "gray", "blue",
	"green", "red", "orange", "yellow",
	"purple", "pink", "col0a", "col0b",
	"col0c", "col0d", "white", "other"};
#ifdef AZALIA_DEBUG
static const char *pin_devices[16] = {
	"line-out", AudioNspeaker, AudioNheadphone, AudioNcd,
	"SPDIF-out", "digital-out", "modem-line", "modem-handset",
	"line-in", AudioNaux, AudioNmicrophone, "telephony",
	"SPDIF-in", "digital-in", "dev0e", "other"};
#endif

/* ================================================================
 * PCI functions
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_pci_match(struct device *parent, struct cfdata *match, void *aux)
{
	struct pci_attach_args *pa;

	pa = aux;
	if (PCI_CLASS(pa->pa_class) == PCI_CLASS_MULTIMEDIA
	    && PCI_SUBCLASS(pa->pa_class) == PCI_SUBCLASS_HDAUDIO)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static void
azalia_pci_attach(struct device *parent, struct device *self, void *aux)
{
	azalia_t *sc;
	struct pci_attach_args *pa;
	pcireg_t v;
	pci_intr_handle_t ih;
	const char *intrrupt_str;
	const char *name;

	sc = (azalia_t*)self;
	pa = aux;

	sc->dmat = pa->pa_dmat;
	aprint_normal(": Generic High Definition Audio Controller\n");

	v = pci_conf_read(pa->pa_pc, pa->pa_tag, ICH_PCI_HDBARL);
	v &= PCI_MAPREG_TYPE_MASK | PCI_MAPREG_MEM_TYPE_MASK;
	if (pci_mapreg_map(pa, ICH_PCI_HDBARL, v, 0,
			   &sc->iot, &sc->ioh, NULL, &sc->map_size)) {
		aprint_error("%s: can't map device i/o space\n", XNAME(sc));
		return;
	}

	/* enable bus mastering */
	v = pci_conf_read(pa->pa_pc, pa->pa_tag, PCI_COMMAND_STATUS_REG);
	pci_conf_write(pa->pa_pc, pa->pa_tag, PCI_COMMAND_STATUS_REG,
	    v | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER_ENABLE | PCI_COMMAND_BACKTOBACK_ENABLE);

	/* interrupt */
	if (pci_intr_map(pa, &ih)) {
		aprint_error("%s: can't map interrupt\n", XNAME(sc));
		return;
	}
	sc->pc = pa->pa_pc;
	intrrupt_str = pci_intr_string(pa->pa_pc, ih);
	sc->ih = pci_intr_establish(pa->pa_pc, ih, IPL_AUDIO, azalia_intr, sc);
	if (sc->ih == NULL) {
		aprint_error("%s: can't establish interrupt", XNAME(sc));
		if (intrrupt_str != NULL)
			aprint_error(" at %s", intrrupt_str);
		aprint_error("\n");
		return;
	}
	aprint_normal("%s: interrupting at %s\n", XNAME(sc), intrrupt_str);

	name = pci_findproduct(pa->pa_id);
	if (name != NULL) {
		aprint_normal("%s: host: %s (rev. %d)\n",
		    XNAME(sc), name, PCI_REVISION(pa->pa_class));
	} else {
		aprint_normal("%s: host: 0x%4.4x/0x%4.4x (rev. %d)\n",
		    XNAME(sc), PCI_VENDOR(pa->pa_id), PCI_PRODUCT(pa->pa_id),
		    PCI_REVISION(pa->pa_class));
	}

	if (azalia_attach(sc)) {
		aprint_error("%s: initialization failure\n", XNAME(sc));
		azalia_pci_detach(self, 0);
		return;
	}
	config_interrupts(self, azalia_attach_intr);
}

static int
azalia_pci_activate(struct device *self, enum devact act)
{
	azalia_t *sc;
	int ret;

	sc = (azalia_t*)self;
	ret = 0;
	switch (act) {
	case DVACT_ACTIVATE:
		return EOPNOTSUPP;
	case DVACT_DEACTIVATE:
		if (sc->audiodev != NULL)
			ret = config_deactivate(sc->audiodev);
		return ret;
	}
	return EOPNOTSUPP;
}

static int
azalia_pci_detach(struct device *self, int flags)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	int i;

	az = (azalia_t*)self;
	if (az->audiodev != NULL) {
		config_detach(az->audiodev, flags);
		az->audiodev = NULL;
	}
	azalia_stream_delete(&az->rstream, az);
	azalia_stream_delete(&az->pstream, az);
	for (i = 0; i < az->ncodecs; i++) {
		azalia_codec_delete(&az->codecs[i]);
	}
	az->ncodecs = 0;
	azalia_delete_corb(az);
	azalia_delete_rirb(az);
	if (az->ih != NULL) {
		pci_intr_disestablish(az->pc, az->ih);
		az->ih = NULL;
	}
	if (az->map_size != 0) {
		bus_space_unmap(az->iot, az->ioh, az->map_size);
		az->map_size = 0;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_intr(void *v)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	int ret;
	uint32_t intsts;
	uint8_t rirbsts;

	az = v;
	ret = 0;
	//printf("[i]");

	intsts = AZ_READ_4(az, INTSTS);
	if (intsts == 0)
		return ret;

	ret += azalia_stream_intr(&az->pstream, intsts);
	ret += azalia_stream_intr(&az->rstream, intsts);

	rirbsts = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBSTS);
	if (rirbsts & (HDA_RIRBSTS_RIRBOIS | HDA_RIRBSTS_RINTFL)) {
		if (rirbsts & HDA_RIRBSTS_RINTFL) {
			//printf("[R]");
		} else {
			//printf("[O]");
		}
		AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBSTS,
		    rirbsts | HDA_RIRBSTS_RIRBOIS | HDA_RIRBSTS_RINTFL);
		ret++;
	}
	return ret;
}

/* ================================================================
 * HDA controller functions
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_attach(azalia_t *az)
{
	int i, n;
	uint32_t gctl;
	uint16_t gcap;
	uint16_t statests;

	aprint_normal("%s: host: High Definition Audio rev. %d.%d\n",
	    XNAME(az), AZ_READ_1(az, VMAJ), AZ_READ_1(az, VMIN));
	gcap = AZ_READ_2(az, GCAP);
	az->nistreams = HDA_GCAP_ISS(gcap);
	az->nostreams = HDA_GCAP_OSS(gcap);
	az->nbstreams = HDA_GCAP_BSS(gcap);
	az->ok64 = (gcap & HDA_GCAP_64OK) != 0;
	DPRINTF(("%s: host: %d output, %d input, and %d bidi streams\n",
	    XNAME(az), az->nostreams, az->nistreams, az->nbstreams));

	/* 4.2.2 Starting the High Definition Audio Controller */
	DPRINTF(("%s: resetting\n", __func__));
	gctl = AZ_READ_4(az, GCTL);
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, GCTL, gctl & ~HDA_GCTL_CRST);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		if ((AZ_READ_4(az, GCTL) & HDA_GCTL_CRST) == 0)
			break;
	}
	DPRINTF(("%s: reset counter = %d\n", __func__, i));
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: reset failure\n", XNAME(az));
		return ETIMEDOUT;
	}
	DELAY(1000);
	gctl = AZ_READ_4(az, GCTL);
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, GCTL, gctl | HDA_GCTL_CRST);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		if (AZ_READ_4(az, GCTL) & HDA_GCTL_CRST)
			break;
	}
	DPRINTF(("%s: reset counter = %d\n", __func__, i));
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: reset-exit failure\n", XNAME(az));
		return ETIMEDOUT;
	}

	/* 4.3 Codec discovery */
	DELAY(1000);
	statests = AZ_READ_2(az, STATESTS);
	for (i = 0, n = 0; i < 15; i++) {
		if ((statests >> i) & 1) {
			DPRINTF(("%s: found a codec at #%d\n", XNAME(az), i));
			az->codecs[n].address = i;
			az->codecs[n++].az = az;
		}
	}
	az->ncodecs = n;
	if (az->ncodecs < 1) {
		aprint_error("%s: No HD-Audio codecs\n", XNAME(az));
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void
azalia_attach_intr(struct device *self)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	int err, i, c;

	az = (azalia_t*)self;

	AZ_WRITE_2(az, STATESTS, HDA_STATESTS_SDIWAKE);
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBSTS, HDA_RIRBSTS_RINTFL | HDA_RIRBSTS_RIRBOIS);
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, INTSTS, HDA_INTSTS_CIS | HDA_INTSTS_GIS);
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, DPLBASE, 0);
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, DPUBASE, 0);

	/* 4.4.1 Command Outbound Ring Buffer */
	azalia_init_corb(az);
	/* 4.4.2 Response Inbound Ring Buffer */
	azalia_init_rirb(az);

	AZ_WRITE_4(az, INTCTL,
	    AZ_READ_4(az, INTCTL) | HDA_INTCTL_CIE | HDA_INTCTL_GIE);

	c = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < az->ncodecs; i++) {
		err = azalia_codec_init(&az->codecs[i]);
		if (!err && c < 0)
			c = i;
	}
	if (c < 0)
		goto err_exit;
	/* Use the first audio codec */
	az->codecno = c;
	DPRINTF(("%s: using the #%d codec\n", XNAME(az), az->codecno));

	if (azalia_stream_init(&az->pstream, az, az->nistreams + 0,
	    1, AUMODE_PLAY))
		goto err_exit;
	if (azalia_stream_init(&az->rstream, az, 0, 2, AUMODE_RECORD))
		goto err_exit;

	az->audiodev = audio_attach_mi(&azalia_hw_if, az, &az->dev);
	return;
err_exit:
	azalia_pci_detach(self, 0);
	return;
}

static int
azalia_init_corb(azalia_t *az)
{
	int entries, err, i;
	uint16_t corbrp, corbwp;
	uint8_t corbsize, cap, corbctl;

	/* stop the CORB */
	corbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, CORBCTL);
	if (corbctl & HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN) { /* running? */
		AZ_WRITE_1(az, CORBCTL, corbctl & ~HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN);
		for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
			DELAY(10);
			corbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, CORBCTL);
			if ((corbctl & HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN) == 0)
				break;
		}
		if (i <= 0) {
			aprint_error("%s: CORB is running\n", XNAME(az));
			return EBUSY;
		}
	}

	/* determine CORB size */
	corbsize = AZ_READ_1(az, CORBSIZE);
	cap = corbsize & HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSZCAP_MASK;
	corbsize &= ~HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSIZE_MASK;
	if (cap & HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSZCAP_256) {
		entries = 256;
		corbsize |= HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSIZE_256;
	} else if (cap & HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSZCAP_16) {
		entries = 16;
		corbsize |= HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSIZE_16;
	} else if (cap & HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSZCAP_2) {
		entries = 2;
		corbsize |= HDA_CORBSIZE_CORBSIZE_2;
	} else {
		aprint_error("%s: Invalid CORBSZCAP: 0x%2x\n", XNAME(az), cap);
		return -1;
	}

	err = azalia_alloc_dmamem(az, entries * sizeof(corb_entry_t),
	    128, &az->corb_dma);
	if (err) {
		aprint_error("%s: can't allocate CORB buffer\n", XNAME(az));
		return err;
	}
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, CORBLBASE, (uint32_t)AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&az->corb_dma));
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, CORBUBASE, PTR_UPPER32(AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&az->corb_dma)));
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, CORBSIZE, corbsize);
	az->corb_size = entries;

	DPRINTF(("%s: CORB allocation succeeded.\n", __func__));

	/* reset CORBRP */
	corbrp = AZ_READ_2(az, CORBRP);
	AZ_WRITE_2(az, CORBRP, corbrp | HDA_CORBRP_CORBRPRST);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		corbrp = AZ_READ_2(az, CORBRP);
		if (corbrp & HDA_CORBRP_CORBRPRST)
			break;
	}
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: CORBRP reset failure\n", XNAME(az));
		return -1;
	}
	AZ_WRITE_2(az, CORBRP, corbrp & ~HDA_CORBRP_CORBRPRST);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		corbrp = AZ_READ_2(az, CORBRP);
		if ((corbrp & HDA_CORBRP_CORBRPRST) == 0)
			break;
	}
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: CORBRP reset failure 2\n", XNAME(az));
		return -1;
	}
	DPRINTF(("%s: CORBWP=%d; size=%d\n", __func__,
		 AZ_READ_2(az, CORBRP) & HDA_CORBRP_CORBRP, az->corb_size));

	/* clear CORBWP */
	corbwp = AZ_READ_2(az, CORBWP);
	AZ_WRITE_2(az, CORBWP, corbwp & ~HDA_CORBWP_CORBWP);

	/* Run! */
	corbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, CORBCTL);
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, CORBCTL, corbctl | HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_delete_corb(azalia_t *az)
{
	int i;
	uint8_t corbctl;

	if (az->corb_dma.addr == NULL)
		return 0;
	/* stop the CORB */
	corbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, CORBCTL);
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, CORBCTL, corbctl & ~HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		corbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, CORBCTL);
		if ((corbctl & HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN) == 0)
			break;
	}
	azalia_free_dmamem(az, &az->corb_dma);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_init_rirb(azalia_t *az)
{
	int entries, err, i;
	uint16_t rirbwp;
	uint8_t rirbsize, cap, rirbctl;

	/* stop the RIRB */
	rirbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL);
	if (rirbctl & HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN) { /* running? */
		AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBCTL, rirbctl & ~HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN);
		for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
			DELAY(10);
			rirbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL);
			if ((rirbctl & HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN) == 0)
				break;
		}
		if (i <= 0) {
			aprint_error("%s: RIRB is running\n", XNAME(az));
			return EBUSY;
		}
	}

	/* determine RIRB size */
	rirbsize = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBSIZE);
	cap = rirbsize & HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSZCAP_MASK;
	rirbsize &= ~HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSIZE_MASK;
	if (cap & HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSZCAP_256) {
		entries = 256;
		rirbsize |= HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSIZE_256;
	} else if (cap & HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSZCAP_16) {
		entries = 16;
		rirbsize |= HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSIZE_16;
	} else if (cap & HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSZCAP_2) {
		entries = 2;
		rirbsize |= HDA_RIRBSIZE_RIRBSIZE_2;
	} else {
		aprint_error("%s: Invalid RIRBSZCAP: 0x%2x\n", XNAME(az), cap);
		return -1;
	}

	err = azalia_alloc_dmamem(az, entries * sizeof(rirb_entry_t),
	    128, &az->rirb_dma);
	if (err) {
		aprint_error("%s: can't allocate RIRB buffer\n", XNAME(az));
		return err;
	}
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, RIRBLBASE, (uint32_t)AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&az->rirb_dma));
	AZ_WRITE_4(az, RIRBUBASE, PTR_UPPER32(AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&az->rirb_dma)));
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBSIZE, rirbsize);
	az->rirb_size = entries;

	DPRINTF(("%s: RIRB allocation succeeded.\n", __func__));

	//rirbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL);
	//AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBCTL, rirbctl & ~HDA_RIRBCTL_RINTCTL);

	/* reset the write pointer */
	rirbwp = AZ_READ_2(az, RIRBWP);
	AZ_WRITE_2(az, RIRBWP, rirbwp | HDA_RIRBWP_RIRBWPRST);

	/* clear the read pointer */
	az->rirb_rp = AZ_READ_2(az, RIRBWP) & HDA_RIRBWP_RIRBWP;
	DPRINTF(("%s: RIRBRP=%d, size=%d\n", __func__, az->rirb_rp, az->rirb_size));

	AZ_WRITE_2(az, RINTCNT, 1);

	/* Run! */
	rirbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL);
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBCTL, rirbctl | HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN | HDA_RIRBCTL_RINTCTL);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_delete_rirb(azalia_t *az)
{
	int i;
	uint8_t rirbctl;

	if (az->rirb_dma.addr == NULL)
		return 0;
	/* stop the RIRB */
	rirbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL);
	AZ_WRITE_1(az, RIRBCTL, rirbctl & ~HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		rirbctl = AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL);
		if ((rirbctl & HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN) == 0)
			break;
	}
	azalia_free_dmamem(az, &az->rirb_dma);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_set_command(const azalia_t *az, int caddr, nid_t nid, uint32_t control,
		   uint32_t param)
{
	corb_entry_t *corb;
	int  wp;
	uint32_t verb;
	uint16_t corbwp;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if ((AZ_READ_1(az, CORBCTL) & HDA_CORBCTL_CORBRUN) == 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: CORB is not running.\n", XNAME(az));
		return -1;
	}
#endif
	verb = (caddr << 28) | (nid << 20) | (control << 8) | param;
	corbwp = AZ_READ_2(az, CORBWP);
	wp = corbwp & HDA_CORBWP_CORBWP;
	corb = (corb_entry_t*)az->corb_dma.addr;
	if (++wp >= az->corb_size)
		wp = 0;
	corb[wp] = verb;
	AZ_WRITE_2(az, CORBWP, (corbwp & ~HDA_CORBWP_CORBWP) | wp);
#if 0
	DPRINTF(("%s: caddr=%d nid=%d control=0x%x param=0x%x verb=0x%8.8x wp=%d\n",
		 __func__, caddr, nid, control, param, verb, wp));
#endif
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_get_response(azalia_t *az, uint32_t *result)
{
	const rirb_entry_t *rirb;
	int i;
	uint16_t wp;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if ((AZ_READ_1(az, RIRBCTL) & HDA_RIRBCTL_RIRBDMAEN) == 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: RIRB is not running.\n", XNAME(az));
		return -1;
	}
#endif
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		wp = AZ_READ_2(az, RIRBWP) & HDA_RIRBWP_RIRBWP;
		if (az->rirb_rp != wp)
			break;
		DELAY(10);
	}
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: RIRB time out\n", XNAME(az));
		return ETIMEDOUT;
	}
	rirb = (rirb_entry_t*)az->rirb_dma.addr;
	for (;;) {
		if (++az->rirb_rp >= az->rirb_size)
			az->rirb_rp = 0;
		if (rirb[az->rirb_rp].resp_ex & RIRB_UNSOLICITED_RESPONSE) {
			DPRINTF(("%s: unsolicited response\n", __func__));
		} else
			break;
	}
	if (result != NULL)
		*result = rirb[az->rirb_rp].resp;
#if 0
	DPRINTF(("%s: rirbwp=%d rp=%d resp1=0x%8.8x resp2=0x%8.8x\n",
		 __func__, wp, az->rirb_rp, rirb[az->rirb_rp].resp,
		 rirb[az->rirb_rp].resp_ex));
#endif
#if 0
	for (i = 0; i < 16 /*az->rirb_size*/; i++) {
		DPRINTF(("rirb[%d] 0x%8.8x:0x%8.8x ", i, rirb[i].resp, rirb[i].resp_ex));
		if ((i % 2) == 1)
			DPRINTF(("\n"));
	}
#endif
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_alloc_dmamem(azalia_t *az, size_t size, size_t align, azalia_dma_t *d)
{
	int err;
	int nsegs;

	d->size = size;
	err = bus_dmamem_alloc(az->dmat, size, align, 0, d->segments, 1,
	    &nsegs, BUS_DMA_NOWAIT);
	if (err)
		return err;
	if (nsegs != 1)
		goto free;
	err = bus_dmamem_map(az->dmat, d->segments, 1, size,
	    &d->addr, BUS_DMA_NOWAIT | BUS_DMA_COHERENT | BUS_DMA_NOCACHE);
	if (err)
		goto free;
	err = bus_dmamap_create(az->dmat, size, 1, size, 0,
	    BUS_DMA_NOWAIT, &d->map);
	if (err)
		goto unmap;
	err = bus_dmamap_load(az->dmat, d->map, d->addr, size,
	    NULL, BUS_DMA_NOWAIT);
	if (err)
		goto destroy;

	if (!az->ok64 && PTR_UPPER32(AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(d)) != 0) {
		azalia_free_dmamem(az, d);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;

destroy:
	bus_dmamap_destroy(az->dmat, d->map);
unmap:
	bus_dmamem_unmap(az->dmat, d->addr, size);
free:
	bus_dmamem_free(az->dmat, d->segments, 1);
	d->addr = NULL;
	return err;
}

static int
azalia_free_dmamem(const azalia_t *az, azalia_dma_t* d)
{
	if (d->addr == NULL)
		return 0;
	bus_dmamap_unload(az->dmat, d->map);
	bus_dmamap_destroy(az->dmat, d->map);
	bus_dmamem_unmap(az->dmat, d->addr, d->size);
	bus_dmamem_free(az->dmat, d->segments, 1);
	d->addr = NULL;
	return 0;
}

/* ================================================================
 * HDA coodec functions
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_codec_init(codec_t *this)
{
	uint32_t rev, result;
	int err, addr, n, i;

	this->comresp = azalia_codec_comresp;
	addr = this->address;
	DPRINTF(("%s: information of codec[%d] follows:\n",
	    XNAME(this->az), addr));
	/* codec vendor/device/revision */
	err = this->comresp(this, CORB_NID_ROOT, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_REVISION_ID, &rev);
	if (err)
		return err;
	err = this->comresp(this, CORB_NID_ROOT, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_VENDOR_ID, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	azalia_codec_init_vtbl(this, result);

	if (this->name == NULL) {
		aprint_normal("%s: codec: 0x%4.4x/0x%4.4x (rev. %u.%u)\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), result >> 16, result & 0xffff,
		    COP_RID_REVISION(rev), COP_RID_STEPPING(rev));
	} else {
		aprint_normal("%s: codec: %s (rev. %u.%u)\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), this->name,
		    COP_RID_REVISION(rev), COP_RID_STEPPING(rev));
	}
	aprint_normal("%s: codec: High Definition Audio rev. %u.%u\n",
	    XNAME(this->az), COP_RID_MAJ(rev), COP_RID_MIN(rev));

	/* identify function nodes */
	err = this->comresp(this, CORB_NID_ROOT, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_SUBORDINATE_NODE_COUNT, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	this->nfunctions = COP_NSUBNODES(result);
	if (COP_NSUBNODES(result) <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: No function groups\n", XNAME(this->az));
		return -1;
	}
	/* iterate function nodes and find an audio function */
	n = COP_START_NID(result);
	DPRINTF(("%s: nidstart=%d #functions=%d\n",
	    __func__, n, this->nfunctions));
	this->audiofunc = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < this->nfunctions; i++) {
		err = this->comresp(this, n + i, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
		    COP_FUNCTION_GROUP_TYPE, &result);
		if (err)
			continue;
		DPRINTF(("%s: FTYPE result = 0x%8.8x\n", __func__, result));
		if (COP_FTYPE(result) == COP_FTYPE_AUDIO) {
			this->audiofunc = n + i;
			break;	/* XXX multiple audio functions? */
		}
	}
	if (this->audiofunc < 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: codec[%d]: No audio functions\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), addr);
		return -1;
	}

	/* power the audio function */
	this->comresp(this, this->audiofunc, CORB_SET_POWER_STATE, CORB_PS_D0, &result);
	DELAY(100);

	/* check widgets in the audio function */
	err = this->comresp(this, this->audiofunc,
	    CORB_GET_PARAMETER, COP_SUBORDINATE_NODE_COUNT, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	DPRINTF(("%s: There are %d widgets in the audio function.\n",
	   __func__, COP_NSUBNODES(result)));
	this->wstart = COP_START_NID(result);
	if (this->wstart < 2) {
		aprint_error("%s: invalid node structure\n", XNAME(this->az));
		return -1;
	}
	this->wend = this->wstart + COP_NSUBNODES(result);
	this->w = malloc(sizeof(widget_t) * this->wend, M_DEVBUF,
	    M_ZERO | M_NOWAIT);
	if (this->w == NULL) {
		aprint_error("%s: out of memory\n", XNAME(this->az));
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	/* query the base parameters */
	this->comresp(this, this->audiofunc, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_STREAM_FORMATS, &result);
	this->w[this->audiofunc].d.audio.encodings = result;
	this->comresp(this, this->audiofunc, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_PCM, &result);
	this->w[this->audiofunc].d.audio.bits_rates = result;
	this->comresp(this, this->audiofunc, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_INPUT_AMPCAP, &result);
	this->w[this->audiofunc].inamp_cap = result;
	this->comresp(this, this->audiofunc, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_OUTPUT_AMPCAP, &result);
	this->w[this->audiofunc].outamp_cap = result;
#ifdef AZALIA_DEBUG
	azalia_widget_print_audio(&this->w[this->audiofunc], "\t");
	result = this->w[this->audiofunc].inamp_cap;
	DPRINTF(("\tinamp: mute=%u size=%u steps=%u offset=%u\n",
	    (result & COP_AMPCAP_MUTE) != 0, COP_AMPCAP_STEPSIZE(result),
	    COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(result), COP_AMPCAP_OFFSET(result)));
	result = this->w[this->audiofunc].outamp_cap;
	DPRINTF(("\toutamp: mute=%u size=%u steps=%u offset=%u\n",
	    (result & COP_AMPCAP_MUTE) != 0, COP_AMPCAP_STEPSIZE(result),
	    COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(result), COP_AMPCAP_OFFSET(result)));
#endif

	strlcpy(this->w[CORB_NID_ROOT].name, "root",
	    sizeof(this->w[CORB_NID_ROOT].name));
	strlcpy(this->w[this->audiofunc].name, "hdaudio",
	    sizeof(this->w[this->audiofunc].name));
	FOR_EACH_WIDGET(this, i) {
		err = azalia_widget_init(&this->w[i], this, i);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	err = this->init_dacgroup(this);
	if (err)
		return err;
#ifdef AZALIA_DEBUG
	for (i = 0; i < this->ndacgroups; i++) {
		DPRINTF(("%s: dacgroup[%d]:", __func__, i));
		for (n = 0; n < this->dacgroups[i].nconv; n++) {
			DPRINTF((" %2.2x", this->dacgroups[i].conv[n]));
		}
		DPRINTF(("\n"));
	}
#endif
	this->cur_dac = 0;
	this->cur_adc = 0;

	err = azalia_codec_construct_format(this);
	if (err)
		return err;

	return azalia_mixer_init(this);
}

static int
azalia_codec_delete(codec_t *this)
{
	azalia_mixer_delete(this);
	if (this->formats != NULL) {
		free(this->formats, M_DEVBUF);
		this->formats = NULL;
	}
	auconv_delete_encodings(this->encodings);
	this->encodings = NULL;
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_codec_construct_format(codec_t *this)
{
	char flagbuf[FLAGBUFLEN];
	const convgroup_t *group;
	uint32_t bits_rates;
	int pvariation, rvariation;
	int nbits, dac, chan, i, err;
	nid_t nid;

	group = &this->dacgroups[this->cur_dac];
	bits_rates = this->w[group->conv[0]].d.audio.bits_rates;
	nbits = 0;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B8)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B16)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B20)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B24)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B32)
		nbits++;
	if (nbits == 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: invalid PCM format: 0x%8.8x\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), bits_rates);
		return -1;
	}
	pvariation = group->nconv * nbits;

	bits_rates = this->w[this->adcs[this->cur_adc]].d.audio.bits_rates;
	nbits = 0;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B8)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B16)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B20)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B24)
		nbits++;
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B32)
		nbits++;
	if (nbits == 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: invalid PCM format: 0x%8.8x\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), bits_rates);
		return -1;
	}
	rvariation = nbits;

	if (this->formats != NULL)
		free(this->formats, M_DEVBUF);
	this->nformats = 0;
	this->formats = malloc(sizeof(struct audio_format) *
	    (pvariation + rvariation), M_DEVBUF, M_ZERO | M_NOWAIT);
	if (this->formats == NULL) {
		aprint_error("%s: out of memory in %s\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), __func__);
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	/* register formats for playback */
	nid = group->conv[0];
	chan = 0;
	bits_rates = this->w[nid].d.audio.bits_rates;
	for (dac = 0; dac < group->nconv; dac++) {
		for (chan = 0, i = 0; i <= dac; i++)
			chan += WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[group->conv[dac]]);
		azalia_codec_add_bits(this, chan, bits_rates, AUMODE_PLAY);
	}
	/* print playback capability */
	snprintf(flagbuf, FLAGBUFLEN, "%s: playback: ", XNAME(this->az));
	azalia_widget_print_audio(&this->w[nid], flagbuf);
	if (this->w[group->conv[0]].widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_DIGITAL) {
		aprint_normal("%s: playback: max channels=%d, DIGITAL\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), chan);
	} else {
		aprint_normal("%s: playback: max channels=%d\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), chan);
	}

	/* register formats for recording */
	nid = this->adcs[this->cur_adc];
	chan = WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[nid]);
	bits_rates = this->w[nid].d.audio.bits_rates;
	azalia_codec_add_bits(this, chan, bits_rates, AUMODE_RECORD);
	/* print recording capability */
	snprintf(flagbuf, FLAGBUFLEN, "%s: recording: ", XNAME(this->az));
	azalia_widget_print_audio(&this->w[nid], flagbuf);
	if (this->w[nid].widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_DIGITAL) {
		aprint_normal("%s: recording: max channels=%d, DIGITAL\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), chan);
	} else {
		aprint_normal("%s: recording: max channels=%d\n",
		    XNAME(this->az), chan);
	}

	err = auconv_create_encodings(this->formats, this->nformats,
	    &this->encodings);
	if (err)
		return err;
	return 0;
}

static void
azalia_codec_add_bits(codec_t *this, int chan, uint32_t bits_rates, int mode)
{
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B8)
		azalia_codec_add_format(this, chan, 8, 16, bits_rates, mode);
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B16)
		azalia_codec_add_format(this, chan, 16, 16, bits_rates, mode);
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B20)
		azalia_codec_add_format(this, chan, 20, 32, bits_rates, mode);
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B24)
		azalia_codec_add_format(this, chan, 24, 32, bits_rates, mode);
	if (bits_rates & COP_PCM_B32)
		azalia_codec_add_format(this, chan, 32, 32, bits_rates, mode);
}

static void
azalia_codec_add_format(codec_t *this, int chan, int valid, int prec,
    uint32_t rates, int32_t mode)
{
	struct audio_format *f;

	f = &this->formats[this->nformats++];
	f->mode = mode;
	f->encoding = AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_LE;
	if (valid == 8 && prec == 8)
		f->encoding = AUDIO_ENCODING_ULINEAR_LE;
	f->validbits = valid;
	f->precision = prec;
	f->channels = chan;
	switch (chan) {
	case 1:
		f->channel_mask = AUFMT_MONAURAL;
		break;
	case 2:
		f->channel_mask = AUFMT_STEREO;
		break;
	case 4:
		f->channel_mask = AUFMT_SURROUND4;
		break;
	case 6:
		f->channel_mask = AUFMT_DOLBY_5_1;
		break;
	case 8:
		f->channel_mask = AUFMT_DOLBY_5_1
		    | AUFMT_SIDE_LEFT | AUFMT_SIDE_RIGHT;
		break;
	default:
		f->channel_mask = 0;
	}
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R80)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 8000;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R110)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 11025;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R160)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 16000;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R220)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 22050;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R320)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 32000;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R441)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 44100;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R480)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 48000;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R882)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 88200;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R960)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 96000;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R1764)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 176400;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R1920)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 192000;
	if (rates & COP_PCM_R3840)
		f->frequency[f->frequency_type++] = 384000;
}

static int
azalia_codec_comresp(const codec_t *codec, nid_t nid, uint32_t control,
		     uint32_t param, uint32_t* result)
{
	int err;

	err = azalia_set_command(codec->az, codec->address, nid, control, param);
	if (err)
		return err;
	return azalia_get_response(codec->az, result);
}

static int
azalia_codec_connect_stream(codec_t *this, int dir, uint16_t fmt, int number)
{
	const convgroup_t *group;
	int i, err, startchan, nchan;
	nid_t nid;
	boolean_t flag222;

	DPRINTF(("%s: fmt=0x%4.4x number=%d\n", __func__, fmt, number));
	err = 0;
	if (dir == AUMODE_RECORD) {
		nid = this->adcs[this->cur_adc];
		DPRINTF(("%s: record: nid=0x%.2x\n", __func__, nid));
		err = this->comresp(this, nid, CORB_SET_CONVERTER_FORMAT, fmt, NULL);
		if (err)
			goto exit;
		err = this->comresp(this, nid, CORB_SET_CONVERTER_STREAM_CHANNEL,
				    (number << 4) | 0, NULL);
		goto exit;
	}
	group = &this->dacgroups[this->cur_dac];
	flag222 = group->nconv >= 3 &&
	    (WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[group->conv[0]]) == 2) &&
	    (WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[group->conv[1]]) == 2) &&
	    (WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[group->conv[2]]) == 2);
	nchan = (fmt & HDA_SD_FMT_CHAN) + 1;
	startchan = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < group->nconv; i++) {
		nid = group->conv[i];

		/* surround and c/lfe handling */
		if (nchan >= 6 && flag222 && i == 1) {
			nid = group->conv[2];
		} else if (nchan >= 6 && flag222 && i == 2) {
			nid = group->conv[1];
		}

		err = this->comresp(this, nid, CORB_SET_CONVERTER_FORMAT, fmt, NULL);
		if (err)
			goto exit;
		err = this->comresp(this, nid, CORB_SET_CONVERTER_STREAM_CHANNEL,
				    (number << 4) | startchan, NULL);
		if (err)
			goto exit;
		startchan += WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[nid]);
	}

exit:
	DPRINTF(("%s: leave with %d\n", __func__, err));
	return err;
}

/* ================================================================
 * HDA mixer functions
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_mixer_init(codec_t *this)
{
	/*
	 * pin		"<color>%2.2x"
	 * audio output	"dac%2.2x"
	 * audio input	"adc%2.2x"
	 * mixer	"mixer%2.2x"
	 * selector	"sel%2.2x"
	 */
	mixer_item_t *m;
	int nadcs;
	int err, i, j, k;

	nadcs = 0;
	this->maxmixers = 10;
	this->nmixers = 0;
	this->mixers = malloc(sizeof(mixer_item_t) * this->maxmixers,
	    M_DEVBUF, M_ZERO | M_NOWAIT);
	if (this->mixers == NULL) {
		aprint_error("%s: out of memory in %s\n", XNAME(this->az),
		    __func__);
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	/* register classes */
	DPRINTF(("%s: register classes\n", __func__));
#define AZ_CLASS_INPUT	0
#define AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT	1
#define AZ_CLASS_RECORD	2
	m = &this->mixers[AZ_CLASS_INPUT];
	m->devinfo.index = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
	strlcpy(m->devinfo.label.name, AudioCinputs,
	    sizeof(m->devinfo.label.name));
	m->devinfo.type = AUDIO_MIXER_CLASS;
	m->devinfo.mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
	m->devinfo.next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
	m->devinfo.prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
	m->nid = 0;

	m = &this->mixers[AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT];
	m->devinfo.index = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
	strlcpy(m->devinfo.label.name, AudioCoutputs,
	    sizeof(m->devinfo.label.name));
	m->devinfo.type = AUDIO_MIXER_CLASS;
	m->devinfo.mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
	m->devinfo.next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
	m->devinfo.prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
	m->nid = 0;

	m = &this->mixers[AZ_CLASS_RECORD];
	m->devinfo.index = AZ_CLASS_RECORD;
	strlcpy(m->devinfo.label.name, AudioCrecord,
	    sizeof(m->devinfo.label.name));
	m->devinfo.type = AUDIO_MIXER_CLASS;
	m->devinfo.mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_RECORD;
	m->devinfo.next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
	m->devinfo.prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
	m->nid = 0;

	this->nmixers = AZ_CLASS_RECORD + 1;

#define MIXER_REG_PROLOG	\
	mixer_devinfo_t *d; \
	err = azalia_mixer_ensure_capacity(this, this->nmixers + 1); \
	if (err) \
		return err; \
	m = &this->mixers[this->nmixers]; \
	d = &m->devinfo; \
	d->index = this->nmixers; \
	m->nid = i

	FOR_EACH_WIDGET(this, i) {
		const widget_t *w;

		w = &this->w[i];

		if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_INPUT)
			nadcs++;

		/* selector */
		if (w->type != COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_MIXER && w->nconnections >= 2) {
			MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
			DPRINTF(("%s: selector %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
			    "%s.source", w->name);
			d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
			if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_MIXER)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_RECORD;
			else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_SELECTOR)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
			else
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			m->target = MI_TARGET_CONNLIST;
			for (j = 0, k = 0; j < w->nconnections && k < 32; j++) {
				if (!VALID_WIDGET_NID(w->connections[j], this))
					continue;
				d->un.e.member[k].ord = k;
				DPRINTF(("%s: selector %d=%s\n", __func__, j,
				    this->w[w->connections[j]].name));
				strlcpy(d->un.e.member[k].label.name,
				    this->w[w->connections[j]].name,
				    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
				k++;
			}
			d->un.e.num_mem = k;
			this->nmixers++;
		}

		/* output mute */
		if (w->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_OUTAMP &&
		    w->outamp_cap & COP_AMPCAP_MUTE) {
			MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
			DPRINTF(("%s: output mute %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
			    "%s.mute", w->name);
			d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
			if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_MIXER)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_SELECTOR)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			else
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
			d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			m->target = MI_TARGET_OUTAMP;
			d->un.e.num_mem = 2;
			d->un.e.member[0].ord = 0;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[0].label.name, AudioNoff,
			    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
			d->un.e.member[1].ord = 1;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[1].label.name, AudioNon,
			    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
			this->nmixers++;
		}

		/* output gain */
		if (w->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_OUTAMP
		    && COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(w->outamp_cap)) {
			MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
			DPRINTF(("%s: output gain %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
			    "%s", w->name);
			d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE;
			if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_MIXER)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_SELECTOR)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX)
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			else
				d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
			d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			m->target = MI_TARGET_OUTAMP;
			d->un.v.num_channels = WIDGET_CHANNELS(w);
#ifdef MAX_VOLUME_255
			d->un.v.units.name[0] = 0;
			d->un.v.delta = AUDIO_MAX_GAIN /
			    COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(w->outamp_cap);
#else
			snprintf(d->un.v.units.name, sizeof(d->un.v.units.name),
			    "0.25x%ddB", COP_AMPCAP_STEPSIZE(w->outamp_cap)+1);
			d->un.v.delta = 1;
#endif
			this->nmixers++;
		}

		/* input mute */
		if (w->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_INAMP &&
		    w->inamp_cap & COP_AMPCAP_MUTE) {
			DPRINTF(("%s: input mute %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			for (j = 0; j < w->nconnections; j++) {
				MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
				if (!VALID_WIDGET_NID(w->connections[j], this))
					continue;
				DPRINTF(("%s: input mute %s.%s\n", __func__,
				    w->name, this->w[w->connections[j]].name));
				snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
				    "%s.%s.mute", w->name,
				    this->w[w->connections[j]].name);
				d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
				if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX)
					d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
				else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_INPUT)
					d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_RECORD;
				else
					d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
				d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
				d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
				m->target = j;
				d->un.e.num_mem = 2;
				d->un.e.member[0].ord = 0;
				strlcpy(d->un.e.member[0].label.name,
				    AudioNoff, MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
				d->un.e.member[1].ord = 1;
				strlcpy(d->un.e.member[1].label.name,
				    AudioNon, MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
				this->nmixers++;
			}
		}

		/* input gain */
		if (w->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_INAMP
		    && COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(w->inamp_cap)) {
			DPRINTF(("%s: input gain %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			for (j = 0; j < w->nconnections; j++) {
				MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
				if (!VALID_WIDGET_NID(w->connections[j], this))
					continue;
				DPRINTF(("%s: input gain %s.%s\n", __func__,
				    w->name, this->w[w->connections[j]].name));
				snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
				    "%s.%s", w->name,
				    this->w[w->connections[j]].name);
				d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE;
				if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX)
					d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
				else if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_INPUT)
					d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_RECORD;
				else
					d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
				d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
				d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
				m->target = j;
				d->un.v.num_channels = WIDGET_CHANNELS(w);
#ifdef MAX_VOLUME_255
				d->un.v.units.name[0] = 0;
				d->un.v.delta = AUDIO_MAX_GAIN /
				    COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(w->inamp_cap);
#else
				snprintf(d->un.v.units.name,
				    sizeof(d->un.v.units.name), "0.25x%ddB",
				    COP_AMPCAP_STEPSIZE(w->inamp_cap)+1);
				d->un.v.delta = 1;
#endif
				this->nmixers++;
			}
		}

		/* pin direction */
		if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX &&
		    w->d.pin.cap & COP_PINCAP_OUTPUT &&
		    w->d.pin.cap & COP_PINCAP_INPUT) {
			MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
			DPRINTF(("%s: pin dir %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
			    "%s.dir", w->name);
			d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
			d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			m->target = MI_TARGET_PINDIR;
			d->un.e.num_mem = 2;
			d->un.e.member[0].ord = 0;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[0].label.name, AudioNinput,
			    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
			d->un.e.member[1].ord = 1;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[1].label.name, AudioNoutput,
			    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
			this->nmixers++;
		}

		/* pin headphone-boost */
		if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX &&
		    w->d.pin.cap & COP_PINCAP_HEADPHONE) {
			MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
			DPRINTF(("%s: hpboost %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			snprintf(d->label.name, sizeof(d->label.name),
			    "%s.boost", w->name);
			d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
			d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			m->target = MI_TARGET_PINBOOST;
			d->un.e.num_mem = 2;
			d->un.e.member[0].ord = 0;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[0].label.name, AudioNoff,
			    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
			d->un.e.member[1].ord = 1;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[1].label.name, AudioNon,
			    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
			this->nmixers++;
		}

		/* volume knob */
		if (w->type == COP_AWTYPE_VOLUME_KNOB &&
		    w->d.volume.cap & COP_VKCAP_DELTA) {
			MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
			DPRINTF(("%s: volume knob %s\n", __func__, w->name));
			strlcpy(d->label.name, w->name, sizeof(d->label.name));
			d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE;
			d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_OUTPUT;
			d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
			m->target = MI_TARGET_VOLUME;
			d->un.v.num_channels = 1;
			d->un.v.units.name[0] = 0;
#ifdef MAX_VOLUME_255
			d->un.v.delta = AUDIO_MAX_GAIN /
			    COP_VKCAP_NUMSTEPS(w->d.volume.cap);
#else
			d->un.v.delta = 1;
#endif
			this->nmixers++;
		}
	}

	/* if the codec has multiple DAC groups, create "inputs.usingdac" */
	if (this->ndacgroups > 1) {
		MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
		DPRINTF(("%s: create inputs.usingdac\n", __func__));
		strlcpy(d->label.name, "usingdac", sizeof(d->label.name));
		d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
		d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_INPUT;
		d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
		d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
		m->target = MI_TARGET_DAC;
		for (i = 0; i < this->ndacgroups && i < 32; i++) {
			d->un.e.member[i].ord = i;
			for (j = 0; j < this->dacgroups[i].nconv; j++) {
				if (j * 2 >= MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN)
					break;
				snprintf(d->un.e.member[i].label.name + j*2,
				    MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN - j*2, "%2.2x",
				    this->dacgroups[i].conv[j]);
			}
		}
		d->un.e.num_mem = i;
		this->nmixers++;
	}

	/* if the codec has multiple ADCs, create "record.usingadc" */
	if (this->nadcs > 1) {
		MIXER_REG_PROLOG;
		DPRINTF(("%s: create inputs.usingadc\n", __func__));
		strlcpy(d->label.name, "usingadc", sizeof(d->label.name));
		d->type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
		d->mixer_class = AZ_CLASS_RECORD;
		d->next = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
		d->prev = AUDIO_MIXER_LAST;
		m->target = MI_TARGET_ADC;
		for (i = 0; i < this->nadcs && i < 32; i++) {
			d->un.e.member[i].ord = i;
			strlcpy(d->un.e.member[i].label.name,
			    this->w[this->adcs[i]].name, MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
		}
		d->un.e.num_mem = i;
		this->nmixers++;
	}

	/* unmute all */
	DPRINTF(("%s: unmute\n", __func__));
	for (i = 0; i < this->nmixers; i++) {
		mixer_ctrl_t mc;

		if (!IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(this->mixers[i].target) &&
		    this->mixers[i].target != MI_TARGET_OUTAMP)
			continue;
		if (this->mixers[i].devinfo.type != AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM)
			continue;
		mc.dev = i;
		mc.type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
		mc.un.ord = 0;
		azalia_mixer_set(this, &mc);
	}

	/*
	 * for bidirectional pins,
	 * green=front, orange=surround, gray=c/lfe, black=side --> output
	 * blue=line-in, pink=mic-in --> input
	 */
	DPRINTF(("%s: process bidirectional pins\n", __func__));
	for (i = 0; i < this->nmixers; i++) {
		mixer_ctrl_t mc;

		if (this->mixers[i].target != MI_TARGET_PINDIR)
			continue;
		mc.dev = i;
		mc.type = AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM;
		switch (this->w[this->mixers[i].nid].d.pin.color) {
		case CORB_CD_GREEN:
		case CORB_CD_ORANGE:
		case CORB_CD_GRAY:
		case CORB_CD_BLACK:
			mc.un.ord = 1;
			break;
		default:
			mc.un.ord = 0;
		}
		azalia_mixer_set(this, &mc);
	}

	/* set unextreme volume */
	DPRINTF(("%s: set volume\n", __func__));
	for (i = 0; i < this->nmixers; i++) {
		mixer_ctrl_t mc;

		if (!IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(this->mixers[i].target) &&
		    this->mixers[i].target != MI_TARGET_OUTAMP &&
		    this->mixers[i].target != MI_TARGET_VOLUME)
			continue;
		if (this->mixers[i].devinfo.type != AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE)
			continue;
		mc.dev = i;
		mc.type = AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE;
		mc.un.value.num_channels = 1;
		mc.un.value.level[0] = AUDIO_MAX_GAIN / 2;
		if (this->mixers[i].target != MI_TARGET_VOLUME &&
		    WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[this->mixers[i].nid]) == 2) {
			mc.un.value.num_channels = 2;
			mc.un.value.level[1] = AUDIO_MAX_GAIN / 2;
		}
		azalia_mixer_set(this, &mc);
	}

	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_mixer_delete(codec_t *this)
{
	if (this->mixers == NULL)
		return 0;
	free(this->mixers, M_DEVBUF);
	this->mixers = NULL;
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_mixer_get(const codec_t *this, mixer_ctrl_t *mc)
{
	const mixer_item_t *m;
	uint32_t result;
	int err;

	if (mc->dev >= this->nmixers)
		return ENXIO;
	m = &this->mixers[mc->dev];
	mc->type = m->devinfo.type;
	if (mc->type == AUDIO_MIXER_CLASS)
		return 0;	/* nothing to do */

	/* inamp mute */
	if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target) && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    CORB_GAGM_INPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT |
		    MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target), &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.ord = result & CORB_GAGM_MUTE ? 1 : 0;
	}

	/* inamp gain */
	else if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target) && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		      CORB_GAGM_INPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT |
		      MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target), &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.value.level[0] = azalia_mixer_from_device_value(this, m,
		    CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result));
		mc->un.value.num_channels = WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[m->nid]);
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels == 2) {
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, CORB_GAGM_INPUT |
			    CORB_GAGM_RIGHT | MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target),
			    &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			mc->un.value.level[1] = azalia_mixer_from_device_value
			    (this, m, CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result));
		}
	}

	/* outamp mute */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT | 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.ord = result & CORB_GAGM_MUTE ? 1 : 0;
	}

	/* outamp gain */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		      CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT | 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.value.level[0] = azalia_mixer_from_device_value(this, m,
		    CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result));
		mc->un.value.num_channels = WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[m->nid]);
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels == 2) {
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
			    CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT | CORB_GAGM_RIGHT | 0, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			mc->un.value.level[1] = azalia_mixer_from_device_value
			    (this, m, CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result));
		}
	}

	/* selection */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_CONNLIST) {
		int i;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_GET_CONNECTION_SELECT_CONTROL, 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		result = CORB_CSC_INDEX(result);
		mc->un.ord = -1;
		for (i = 0; i <= result; i++) {
			if (!VALID_WIDGET_NID(this->w[m->nid].connections[i], this))
				continue;
			mc->un.ord++;
		}
	}

	/* pin I/O */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_PINDIR) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_GET_PIN_WIDGET_CONTROL, 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.ord = result & CORB_PWC_OUTPUT ? 1 : 0;
	}

	/* pin headphone-boost */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_PINBOOST) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_GET_PIN_WIDGET_CONTROL, 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.ord = result & CORB_PWC_HEADPHONE ? 1 : 0;
	}

	/* DAC group selection */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_DAC) {
		mc->un.ord = this->cur_dac;
	}

	/* ADC selection */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_ADC) {
		mc->un.ord = this->cur_adc;
	}

	/* Volume knob */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_VOLUME) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_VOLUME_KNOB,
		    0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		mc->un.value.level[0] = azalia_mixer_from_device_value(this, m,
		    CORB_VKNOB_VOLUME(result));
		mc->un.value.num_channels = 1;
	}

	else {
		aprint_error("%s: internal error in %s: %x\n", XNAME(this->az),
		    __func__, m->target);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_mixer_set(codec_t *this, const mixer_ctrl_t *mc)
{
	const mixer_item_t *m;
	uint32_t result, value;
	int err;

	if (mc->dev >= this->nmixers)
		return ENXIO;
	m = &this->mixers[mc->dev];
	if (mc->type != m->devinfo.type)
		return EINVAL;
	if (mc->type == AUDIO_MIXER_CLASS)
		return 0;	/* nothing to do */

	/* inamp mute */
	if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target) && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM) {
		/* We have to set stereo mute separately to keep each gain value. */
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    CORB_GAGM_INPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT |
		    MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target), &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		value = CORB_AGM_INPUT | CORB_AGM_LEFT |
		    (m->target << CORB_AGM_INDEX_SHIFT) |
		    CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result);
		if (mc->un.ord)
			value |= CORB_AGM_MUTE;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    value, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[m->nid]) == 2) {
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, CORB_GAGM_INPUT |
			    CORB_GAGM_RIGHT | MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target),
			    &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			value = CORB_AGM_INPUT | CORB_AGM_RIGHT |
			    (m->target << CORB_AGM_INDEX_SHIFT) |
			    CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result);
			if (mc->un.ord)
				value |= CORB_AGM_MUTE;
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, value, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
		}
	}

	/* inamp gain */
	else if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target) && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE) {
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels < 1)
			return EINVAL;
		if (!azalia_mixer_validate_value(this, m, mc->un.value.level[0]))
			return EINVAL;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		      CORB_GAGM_INPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT |
		      MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target), &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		value = azalia_mixer_to_device_value(this, m,
		    mc->un.value.level[0]);
		value = CORB_AGM_INPUT | CORB_AGM_LEFT |
		    (m->target << CORB_AGM_INDEX_SHIFT) |
		    (result & CORB_GAGM_MUTE ? CORB_AGM_MUTE : 0) |
		    (value & CORB_AGM_GAIN_MASK);
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    value, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels >= 2 &&
		    WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[m->nid]) == 2) {
			if (!azalia_mixer_validate_value(this, m,
			    mc->un.value.level[1]))
				return EINVAL;
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			      CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, CORB_GAGM_INPUT |
			      CORB_GAGM_RIGHT | MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target),
			      &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			value = azalia_mixer_to_device_value(this, m,
			    mc->un.value.level[1]);
			value = CORB_AGM_INPUT | CORB_AGM_RIGHT |
			    (m->target << CORB_AGM_INDEX_SHIFT) |
			    (result & CORB_GAGM_MUTE ? CORB_AGM_MUTE : 0) |
			    (value & CORB_AGM_GAIN_MASK);
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, value, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
		}
	}

	/* outamp mute */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_ENUM) {
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		value = CORB_AGM_OUTPUT | CORB_AGM_LEFT | CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result);
		if (mc->un.ord)
			value |= CORB_AGM_MUTE;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    value, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[m->nid]) == 2) {
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
			    CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT | CORB_GAGM_RIGHT, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			value = CORB_AGM_OUTPUT | CORB_AGM_RIGHT |
			    CORB_GAGM_GAIN(result);
			if (mc->un.ord)
				value |= CORB_AGM_MUTE;
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, value, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
		}
	}

	/* outamp gain */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP && m->devinfo.type == AUDIO_MIXER_VALUE) {
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels < 1)
			return EINVAL;
		if (!azalia_mixer_validate_value(this, m, mc->un.value.level[0]))
			return EINVAL;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		      CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT | CORB_GAGM_LEFT, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		value = azalia_mixer_to_device_value(this, m,
		    mc->un.value.level[0]);
		value = CORB_AGM_OUTPUT | CORB_AGM_LEFT |
		    (result & CORB_GAGM_MUTE ? CORB_AGM_MUTE : 0) |
		    (value & CORB_AGM_GAIN_MASK);
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE,
		    value, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels >= 2 &&
		    WIDGET_CHANNELS(&this->w[m->nid]) == 2) {
			if (!azalia_mixer_validate_value(this, m,
			    mc->un.value.level[1]))
				return EINVAL;
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			      CORB_GET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, CORB_GAGM_OUTPUT |
			      CORB_GAGM_RIGHT, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			value = azalia_mixer_to_device_value(this, m,
			    mc->un.value.level[1]);
			value = CORB_AGM_OUTPUT | CORB_AGM_RIGHT |
			    (result & CORB_GAGM_MUTE ? CORB_AGM_MUTE : 0) |
			    (value & CORB_AGM_GAIN_MASK);
			err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
			    CORB_SET_AMPLIFIER_GAIN_MUTE, value, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
		}
	}

	/* selection */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_CONNLIST) {
		int i;
		for (i = 0, value = 0; i < this->w[m->nid].nconnections; i++) {
			if (!VALID_WIDGET_NID(this->w[m->nid].connections[i], this))
				continue;
			if (value == mc->un.ord)
				break;
			value++;
		}
		if (i >= this->w[m->nid].nconnections)
			return EINVAL;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_SET_CONNECTION_SELECT_CONTROL, i, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	/* pin I/O */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_PINDIR) {
		if (mc->un.ord >= 2)
			return EINVAL;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_GET_PIN_WIDGET_CONTROL, 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (mc->un.ord == 0) {
			result &= ~CORB_PWC_OUTPUT;
			result |= CORB_PWC_INPUT;
		} else {
			result &= ~CORB_PWC_INPUT;
			result |= CORB_PWC_OUTPUT;
		}
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_SET_PIN_WIDGET_CONTROL, result, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	/* pin headphone-boost */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_PINBOOST) {
		if (mc->un.ord >= 2)
			return EINVAL;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_GET_PIN_WIDGET_CONTROL, 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (mc->un.ord == 0) {
			result &= ~CORB_PWC_HEADPHONE;
		} else {
			result |= CORB_PWC_HEADPHONE;
		}
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid,
		    CORB_SET_PIN_WIDGET_CONTROL, result, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	/* DAC group selection */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_DAC) {
		if (this->az->running)
			return EBUSY;
		if (mc->un.ord >= this->ndacgroups)
			return EINVAL;
		this->cur_dac = mc->un.ord;
		return azalia_codec_construct_format(this);
	}

	/* ADC selection */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_ADC) {
		if (this->az->running)
			return EBUSY;
		if (mc->un.ord >= this->nadcs)
			return EINVAL;
		this->cur_adc = mc->un.ord;
		/* use this->adcs[this->cur_adc] */
		return azalia_codec_construct_format(this);
	}

	/* Volume knob */
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_VOLUME) {
		if (mc->un.value.num_channels != 1)
			return EINVAL;
		if (!azalia_mixer_validate_value(this, m, mc->un.value.level[0]))
			return EINVAL;
		value = azalia_mixer_to_device_value(this, m,
		     mc->un.value.level[0]) | CORB_VKNOB_DIRECT;
		err = this->comresp(this, m->nid, CORB_SET_VOLUME_KNOB,
		   value, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	else {
		aprint_error("%s: internal error in %s: %x\n", XNAME(this->az),
		    __func__, m->target);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_mixer_ensure_capacity(codec_t *this, size_t newsize)
{
	size_t newmax;
	void *newbuf;

	if (this->maxmixers >= newsize)
		return 0;
	newmax = this->maxmixers + 10;
	if (newmax < newsize)
		newmax = newsize;
	newbuf = realloc(this->mixers, sizeof(mixer_item_t) * newmax, M_DEVBUF,
	    M_ZERO | M_NOWAIT);
	if (newbuf == NULL) {
		aprint_error("%s: out of memory in %s\n", XNAME(this->az),
		    __func__);
		return ENOMEM;
	}
	this->mixers = newbuf;
	this->maxmixers = newmax;
	return 0;
}

static u_char
azalia_mixer_from_device_value(const codec_t *this, const mixer_item_t *m,
    uint32_t dv)
{
#ifdef MAX_VOLUME_255
	uint32_t dmax;

	if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target))
		dmax = COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].inamp_cap);
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP)
		dmax = COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].outamp_cap);
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_VOLUME)
		dmax = COP_VKCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].d.volume.cap);
	else {
		printf("unknown target: %d\n", m->target);
		dmax = 255;
	}
	return dv * AUDIO_MAX_GAIN / dmax;
#else
	return dv;
#endif
}

static uint32_t
azalia_mixer_to_device_value(const codec_t *this, const mixer_item_t *m,
    u_char uv)
{
#ifdef MAX_VOLUME_255
	uint32_t dmax;

	if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target))
		dmax = COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].inamp_cap);
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP)
		dmax = COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].outamp_cap);
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_VOLUME)
		dmax = COP_VKCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].d.volume.cap);
	else {
		printf("unknown target: %d\n", m->target);
		dmax = 255;
	}
	return uv * dmax / AUDIO_MAX_GAIN;
#else
	return uv;
#endif
}

static boolean_t
azalia_mixer_validate_value(const codec_t *this, const mixer_item_t *m,
    u_char uv)
{
#ifdef MAX_VOLUME_255
	return TRUE;
#else
	uint32_t dmax;

	if (IS_MI_TARGET_INAMP(m->target))
		dmax = COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].inamp_cap);
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_OUTAMP)
		dmax = COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].outamp_cap);
	else if (m->target == MI_TARGET_VOLUME)
		dmax = COP_VKCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->w[m->nid].d.volume.cap);
	return uv <= dmax;
#endif
}

/* ================================================================
 * HDA widget functions
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_widget_init(widget_t *this, const codec_t *codec, nid_t nid)
{
	char flagbuf[FLAGBUFLEN];
	uint32_t result;
	int err;

	err = codec->comresp(codec, nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_AUDIO_WIDGET_CAP, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	this->nid = nid;
	this->widgetcap = result;
	this->type = COP_AWCAP_TYPE(result);
	bitmask_snprintf(this->widgetcap, "\20\014LRSWAP\013POWER\012DIGITAL"
	    "\011CONNLIST\010UNSOL\07PROC\06STRIPE\05FORMATOV\04AMPOV\03OUTAMP"
	    "\02INAMP\01STEREO", flagbuf, FLAGBUFLEN);
	DPRINTF(("%s: ", XNAME(codec->az)));
	if (this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_POWER) {
		codec->comresp(codec, nid, CORB_SET_POWER_STATE, CORB_PS_D0, &result);
		DELAY(100);
	}
	switch (this->type) {
	case COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_OUTPUT:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "dac%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		azalia_widget_init_audio(this, codec);
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_INPUT:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "adc%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		azalia_widget_init_audio(this, codec);
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_MIXER:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "mix%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_AUDIO_SELECTOR:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "sel%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_PIN_COMPLEX:
		azalia_widget_init_pin(this, codec);
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "%s%2.2x",
		    pin_colors[this->d.pin.color], nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		azalia_widget_print_pin(this);
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_POWER:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "pow%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_VOLUME_KNOB:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "volume%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		err = codec->comresp(codec, nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
		    COP_VOLUME_KNOB_CAPABILITIES, &result);
		if (!err) {
			this->d.volume.cap = result;
			DPRINTF(("\tdelta=%d steps=%d\n",
			    !!(result & COP_VKCAP_DELTA),
			    COP_VKCAP_NUMSTEPS(result)));
		}
		break;
	case COP_AWTYPE_BEEP_GENERATOR:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "beep%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		break;
	default:
		snprintf(this->name, sizeof(this->name), "widget%2.2x", nid);
		DPRINTF(("%s wcap=%s\n", this->name, flagbuf));
		break;
	}
	azalia_widget_init_connection(this, codec);

	/* amplifier information */
	if (this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_INAMP) {
		if (this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_AMPOV)
			codec->comresp(codec, nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
			    COP_INPUT_AMPCAP, &this->inamp_cap);
		else
			this->inamp_cap = codec->w[codec->audiofunc].inamp_cap;
		DPRINTF(("\tinamp: mute=%u size=%u steps=%u offset=%u\n",
		    (this->inamp_cap & COP_AMPCAP_MUTE) != 0,
		    COP_AMPCAP_STEPSIZE(this->inamp_cap),
		    COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->inamp_cap),
		    COP_AMPCAP_OFFSET(this->inamp_cap)));
	}
	if (this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_OUTAMP) {
		if (this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_AMPOV)
			codec->comresp(codec, nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
			    COP_OUTPUT_AMPCAP, &this->outamp_cap);
		else
			this->outamp_cap = codec->w[codec->audiofunc].outamp_cap;
		DPRINTF(("\toutamp: mute=%u size=%u steps=%u offset=%u\n",
		    (this->outamp_cap & COP_AMPCAP_MUTE) != 0,
		    COP_AMPCAP_STEPSIZE(this->outamp_cap),
		    COP_AMPCAP_NUMSTEPS(this->outamp_cap),
		    COP_AMPCAP_OFFSET(this->outamp_cap)));
	}
	if (codec->init_widget != NULL)
		codec->init_widget(codec, this, nid);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_widget_init_audio(widget_t *this, const codec_t *codec)
{
	uint32_t result;
	int err;

	/* check audio format */
	if (this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_FORMATOV) {
		err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid,
		    CORB_GET_PARAMETER, COP_STREAM_FORMATS, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		this->d.audio.encodings = result;
		if ((result & COP_STREAM_FORMAT_PCM) == 0) {
			aprint_error("%s: %s: No PCM support: %x\n",
			    XNAME(codec->az), this->name, result);
			return -1;
		}
		err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
		    COP_PCM, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		this->d.audio.bits_rates = result;
	} else {
		this->d.audio.encodings =
		    codec->w[codec->audiofunc].d.audio.encodings;
		this->d.audio.bits_rates =
		    codec->w[codec->audiofunc].d.audio.bits_rates;
	}
#ifdef AZALIA_DEBUG
	azalia_widget_print_audio(this, "\t");
#endif
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_widget_print_audio(const widget_t *this, const char *lead)
{
	char flagbuf[FLAGBUFLEN];

	bitmask_snprintf(this->d.audio.encodings, "\20\3AC3\2FLOAT32\1PCM",
	    flagbuf, FLAGBUFLEN);
	aprint_normal("%sencodings=%s\n", lead, flagbuf);
	bitmask_snprintf(this->d.audio.bits_rates, "\20\x15""32bit\x14""24bit\x13""20bit"
	    "\x12""16bit\x11""8bit""\x0c""384kHz\x0b""192kHz\x0a""176.4kHz"
	    "\x09""96kHz\x08""88.2kHz\x07""48kHz\x06""44.1kHz\x05""32kHz\x04"
	    "22.05kHz\x03""16kHz\x02""11.025kHz\x01""8kHz",
	    flagbuf, FLAGBUFLEN);
	aprint_normal("%sPCM formats=%s\n", lead, flagbuf);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_widget_init_pin(widget_t *this, const codec_t *codec)
{
	uint32_t result;
	int err;

	err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid, CORB_GET_CONFIGURATION_DEFAULT,
	    0, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	this->d.pin.config = result;
	this->d.pin.sequence = CORB_CD_SEQUENCE(result);
	this->d.pin.association = CORB_CD_ASSOCIATION(result);
	this->d.pin.color = CORB_CD_COLOR(result);
	this->d.pin.device = CORB_CD_DEVICE(result);

	err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_PINCAP, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	this->d.pin.cap = result;
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_widget_print_pin(const widget_t *this)
{
	char flagbuf[FLAGBUFLEN];

	DPRINTF(("\tpin config; device=%s color=%s assoc=%d seq=%d",
	    pin_devices[this->d.pin.device], pin_colors[this->d.pin.color],
	    this->d.pin.association, this->d.pin.sequence));
	bitmask_snprintf(this->d.pin.cap, "\20\021EAPD\07BALANCE\06INPUT"
	    "\05OUTPUT\04HEADPHONE\03PRESENCE\02TRIGGER\01IMPEDANCE",
	    flagbuf, FLAGBUFLEN);
	DPRINTF((" cap=%s\n", flagbuf));
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_widget_init_connection(widget_t *this, const codec_t *codec)
{
	uint32_t result;
	int err;
	boolean_t longform;
	int length, i;

	this->selected = -1;
	if ((this->widgetcap & COP_AWCAP_CONNLIST) == 0)
		return 0;

	err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid, CORB_GET_PARAMETER,
	    COP_CONNECTION_LIST_LENGTH, &result);
	if (err)
		return err;
	longform = (result & COP_CLL_LONG) != 0;
	length = COP_CLL_LENGTH(result);
	if (length == 0)
		return 0;
	DPRINTF(("%s: CLE=0x%x\n", __func__, result));
	this->nconnections = length;
	this->connections = malloc(sizeof(nid_t) * (length + 3),
	    M_DEVBUF, M_NOWAIT);
	if (this->connections == NULL) {
		aprint_error("%s: out of memory\n", XNAME(codec->az));
		return ENOMEM;
	}
	if (longform) {
		for (i = 0; i < length;) {
			err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid,
			    CORB_GET_CONNECTION_LIST_ENTRY, i, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			DPRINTF(("%s: long[%d]=0x%x\n", __func__, i, result));
			this->connections[i++] = CORB_CLE_LONG_0(result);
			this->connections[i++] = CORB_CLE_LONG_1(result);
		}
	} else {
		for (i = 0; i < length;) {
			err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid,
			    CORB_GET_CONNECTION_LIST_ENTRY, i, &result);
			if (err)
				return err;
			DPRINTF(("%s: short[%d]=0x%x\n", __func__, i, result));
			this->connections[i++] = CORB_CLE_SHORT_0(result);
			this->connections[i++] = CORB_CLE_SHORT_1(result);
			this->connections[i++] = CORB_CLE_SHORT_2(result);
			this->connections[i++] = CORB_CLE_SHORT_3(result);
		}
	}
	if (length > 0) {
		DPRINTF(("\tconnections=0x%x", this->connections[0]));
		for (i = 1; i < length; i++) {
			DPRINTF((",0x%x", this->connections[i]));
		}

		err = codec->comresp(codec, this->nid,
		    CORB_GET_CONNECTION_SELECT_CONTROL, 0, &result);
		if (err)
			return err;
		this->selected = CORB_CSC_INDEX(result);
		DPRINTF(("; selected=0x%x\n", this->connections[result]));
	}
	return 0;
}

/* ================================================================
 * Stream functions
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_stream_init(stream_t *this, azalia_t *az, int regindex, int strnum, int dir)
{
	int err;

	this->az = az;
	this->regbase = HDA_SD_BASE + regindex * HDA_SD_SIZE;
	this->intr_bit = 1 << regindex;
	this->number = strnum;
	this->dir = dir;

	/* setup BDL buffers */
	err = azalia_alloc_dmamem(az, sizeof(bdlist_entry_t) * HDA_BDL_MAX,
				  128, &this->bdlist);
	if (err) {
		aprint_error("%s: can't allocate a BDL buffer\n", XNAME(az));
		return err;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_stream_delete(stream_t *this, azalia_t *az)
{
	if (this->bdlist.addr == NULL)
		return 0;
	azalia_free_dmamem(az, &this->bdlist);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_stream_reset(stream_t *this)
{
	int i;
	uint16_t ctl;

	ctl = STR_READ_2(this, CTL);
	STR_WRITE_2(this, CTL, ctl | HDA_SD_CTL_SRST);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		ctl = STR_READ_2(this, CTL);
		if (ctl & HDA_SD_CTL_SRST)
			break;
	}
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: stream reset failure 1\n", XNAME(this->az));
		return -1;
	}
	STR_WRITE_2(this, CTL, ctl & ~HDA_SD_CTL_SRST);
	for (i = 5000; i >= 0; i--) {
		DELAY(10);
		ctl = STR_READ_2(this, CTL);
		if ((ctl & HDA_SD_CTL_SRST) == 0)
			break;
	}
	if (i <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: stream reset failure 2\n", XNAME(this->az));
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_stream_start(stream_t *this, void *start, void *end, int blk,
    void (*intr)(void *), void *arg, uint16_t fmt)
{
	bdlist_entry_t *bdlist;
	bus_addr_t dmaaddr;
	int err, index;
	uint16_t ctl;
	uint8_t ctl2, intctl;

	this->intr = intr;
	this->intr_arg = arg;

	err = azalia_stream_reset(this);
	if (err)
		return err;

	/* setup BDL */
	dmaaddr = AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&this->buffer);
	this->dmaend = dmaaddr + ((caddr_t)end - (caddr_t)start);
	bdlist = (bdlist_entry_t*)this->bdlist.addr;
	for (index = 0; index < HDA_BDL_MAX; index++) {
		bdlist[index].low = dmaaddr;
		bdlist[index].high = PTR_UPPER32(dmaaddr);
		bdlist[index].length = blk;
		bdlist[index].flags = BDLIST_ENTRY_IOC;
		dmaaddr += blk;
		if (dmaaddr >= this->dmaend) {
			index++;
			break;
		}
	}
	/* The BDL covers the whole of the buffer. */
	this->dmanext = AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&this->buffer);

	dmaaddr = AZALIA_DMA_DMAADDR(&this->bdlist);
	STR_WRITE_4(this, BDPL, dmaaddr);
	STR_WRITE_4(this, BDPU, PTR_UPPER32(dmaaddr));
	STR_WRITE_2(this, LVI, (index - 1) & HDA_SD_LVI_LVI);
	ctl2 = STR_READ_1(this, CTL2);
	STR_WRITE_1(this, CTL2,
	    (ctl2 & ~HDA_SD_CTL2_STRM) | (this->number << HDA_SD_CTL2_STRM_SHIFT));
	STR_WRITE_4(this, CBL, ((caddr_t)end - (caddr_t)start));

	STR_WRITE_2(this, FMT, fmt);

	err = azalia_codec_connect_stream(&this->az->codecs[this->az->codecno],
	    this->dir, fmt, this->number);
	if (err)
		return EINVAL;

	intctl = AZ_READ_1(this->az, INTCTL);
	intctl |= this->intr_bit;
	AZ_WRITE_1(this->az, INTCTL, intctl);

	ctl = STR_READ_2(this, CTL);
	ctl |= ctl | HDA_SD_CTL_DEIE | HDA_SD_CTL_FEIE | HDA_SD_CTL_IOCE | HDA_SD_CTL_RUN;
	STR_WRITE_2(this, CTL, ctl);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_stream_halt(stream_t *this)
{
	uint16_t ctl;

	ctl = STR_READ_2(this, CTL);
	ctl &= ~(HDA_SD_CTL_DEIE | HDA_SD_CTL_FEIE | HDA_SD_CTL_IOCE | HDA_SD_CTL_RUN);
	STR_WRITE_2(this, CTL, ctl);
	AZ_WRITE_1(this->az, INTCTL, AZ_READ_1(this->az, INTCTL) & ~this->intr_bit);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_stream_intr(stream_t *this, uint32_t intsts)
{
	if ((intsts & this->intr_bit) == 0)
		return 0;
	STR_WRITE_1(this, STS, HDA_SD_STS_DESE
	    | HDA_SD_STS_FIFOE | HDA_SD_STS_BCIS);
	this->intr(this->intr_arg);
	return 1;
}

/* ================================================================
 * MI audio entries
 * ================================================================ */

static int
azalia_open(void *v, int flags)
{
	azalia_t *az;

	DPRINTF(("%s: flags=0x%x\n", __func__, flags));
	az = v;
	az->running++;
	return 0;
}

static void
azalia_close(void *v)
{
	azalia_t *az;

	DPRINTF(("%s\n", __func__));
	az = v;
	az->running--;
}

static int
azalia_query_encoding(void *v, audio_encoding_t *enc)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	codec_t *codec;

	az = v;
	codec = &az->codecs[az->codecno];
	return auconv_query_encoding(codec->encodings, enc);
}

static int
azalia_set_params(void *v, int smode, int umode, audio_params_t *p,
    audio_params_t *r, stream_filter_list_t *pfil, stream_filter_list_t *rfil)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	codec_t *codec;
	int index;

	az = v;
	codec = &az->codecs[az->codecno];
	if (smode & AUMODE_RECORD && r != NULL) {
		index = auconv_set_converter(codec->formats, codec->nformats,
		    AUMODE_RECORD, r, TRUE, rfil);
		if (index < 0)
			return EINVAL;
	}
	if (smode & AUMODE_PLAY && p != NULL) {
		index = auconv_set_converter(codec->formats, codec->nformats,
		    AUMODE_PLAY, p, TRUE, pfil);
		if (index < 0)
			return EINVAL;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_round_blocksize(void *v, int blk, int mode, const audio_params_t *param)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	size_t size;

	blk &= ~0x7f;		/* must be multiple of 128 */
	if (blk <= 0)
		blk = 128;
	/* number of blocks must be <= HDA_BDL_MAX */
	az = v;
	size = mode == AUMODE_PLAY ? az->pstream.buffer.size : az->rstream.buffer.size;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (size <= 0) {
		aprint_error("%s: size is 0", __func__);
		return 256;
	}
#endif
	if (size > HDA_BDL_MAX * blk) {
		blk = size / HDA_BDL_MAX;
		if (blk & 0x7f)
			blk = (blk + 0x7f) & ~0x7f;
	}
	DPRINTF(("%s: resultant block size = %d\n", __func__, blk));
	return blk;
}

static int
azalia_halt_output(void *v)
{
	azalia_t *az;

	DPRINTF(("%s\n", __func__));
	az = v;
	return azalia_stream_halt(&az->pstream);
}

static int
azalia_halt_input(void *v)
{
	azalia_t *az;

	DPRINTF(("%s\n", __func__));
	az = v;
	return azalia_stream_halt(&az->rstream);
}

static int
azalia_getdev(void *v, struct audio_device *dev)
{
	azalia_t *az;

	az = v;
	strlcpy(dev->name, "HD-Audio", MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
	snprintf(dev->version, MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN,
	    "%d.%d", AZ_READ_1(az, VMAJ), AZ_READ_1(az, VMIN));
	strlcpy(dev->config, XNAME(az), MAX_AUDIO_DEV_LEN);
	return 0;
}

static int
azalia_set_port(void *v, mixer_ctrl_t *mc)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	codec_t *co;

	az = v;
	co = &az->codecs[az->codecno];
	return azalia_mixer_set(co, mc);
}

static int
azalia_get_port(void *v, mixer_ctrl_t *mc)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	codec_t *co;

	az = v;
	co = &az->codecs[az->codecno];
	return azalia_mixer_get(co, mc);
}

static int
azalia_query_devinfo(void *v, mixer_devinfo_t *mdev)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	codec_t *co;

	az = v;
	co = &az->codecs[az->codecno];
	if (mdev->index >= co->nmixers)
		return ENXIO;
	*mdev = co->mixers[mdev->index].devinfo;
	return 0;
}

static void *
azalia_allocm(void *v, int dir, size_t size, struct malloc_type *pool, int flags)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	stream_t *stream;
	int err;

	az = v;
	stream = dir == AUMODE_PLAY ? &az->pstream : &az->rstream;
	err = azalia_alloc_dmamem(az, size, 128, &stream->buffer);
	if (err)
		return NULL;
	return stream->buffer.addr;
}

static void
azalia_freem(void *v, void *addr, struct malloc_type *pool)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	stream_t *stream;

	az = v;
	if (addr == az->pstream.buffer.addr) {
		stream = &az->pstream;
	} else if (addr == az->rstream.buffer.addr) {
		stream = &az->rstream;
	} else {
		return;
	}
	azalia_free_dmamem(az, &stream->buffer);
}

static size_t
azalia_round_buffersize(void *v, int dir, size_t size)
{
	size &= ~0x7f;		/* must be multiple of 128 */
	if (size <= 0)
		size = 128;
	return size;
}

static int
azalia_get_props(void *v)
{
	return AUDIO_PROP_INDEPENDENT | AUDIO_PROP_FULLDUPLEX;
}

static int
azalia_trigger_output(void *v, void *start, void *end, int blk,
    void (*intr)(void *), void *arg, const audio_params_t *param)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	int err;
	uint16_t fmt;

	DPRINTF(("%s: this=%p start=%p end=%p blk=%d {enc=%u %uch %u/%ubit %uHz}\n",
	    __func__, v, start, end, blk, param->encoding, param->channels,
	    param->validbits, param->precision, param->sample_rate));

	err = azalia_params2fmt(param, &fmt);
	if (err)
		return EINVAL;

	az = v;
	return azalia_stream_start(&az->pstream, start, end, blk, intr, arg, fmt);
}

static int
azalia_trigger_input(void *v, void *start, void *end, int blk,
    void (*intr)(void *), void *arg, const audio_params_t *param)
{
	azalia_t *az;
	int err;
	uint16_t fmt;

	DPRINTF(("%s: this=%p start=%p end=%p blk=%d {enc=%u %uch %u/%ubit %uHz}\n",
	    __func__, v, start, end, blk, param->encoding, param->channels,
	    param->validbits, param->precision, param->sample_rate));

	err = azalia_params2fmt(param, &fmt);
	if (err)
		return EINVAL;

	az = v;
	return azalia_stream_start(&az->rstream, start, end, blk, intr, arg, fmt);
}

/* --------------------------------
 * helpers for MI audio functions
 * -------------------------------- */
static int
azalia_params2fmt(const audio_params_t *param, uint16_t *fmt)
{
	uint16_t ret;

	ret = 0;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (param->channels > HDA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
		aprint_error("%s: too many channels: %u\n", __func__,
		    param->channels);
		return EINVAL;
	}
#endif
	ret |= param->channels - 1;

	switch (param->validbits) {
	case 8:
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BITS_8_16;
		break;
	case 16:
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BITS_16_16;
		break;
	case 20:
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BITS_20_32;
		break;
	case 24:
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BITS_24_32;
		break;
	case 32:
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BITS_32_32;
		break;
	default:
		aprint_error("%s: invalid validbits: %u\n", __func__,
		    param->validbits);
	}

	if (param->sample_rate == 384000) {
		aprint_error("%s: invalid sample_rate: %u\n", __func__,
		    param->sample_rate);
		return EINVAL;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 192000) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_48 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X4 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY1;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 176400) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_44 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X4 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY1;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 96000) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_48 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X2 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY1;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 88200) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_44 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X2 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY1;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 48000) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_48 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X1 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY1;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 44100) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_44 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X1 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY1;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 32000) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_48 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X2 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY3;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 22050) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_44 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X1 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY2;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 16000) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_48 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X1 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY3;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 11025) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_44 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X1 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY4;
	} else if (param->sample_rate == 8000) {
		ret |= HDA_SD_FMT_BASE_48 | HDA_SD_FMT_MULT_X1 | HDA_SD_FMT_DIV_BY6;
	} else {
		aprint_error("%s: invalid sample_rate: %u\n", __func__,
		    param->sample_rate);
		return EINVAL;
	}
	*fmt = ret;
	return 0;
}