NetBSD/usr.bin/passwd/passwd.1

.\"	$NetBSD: passwd.1,v 1.28 2006/03/07 01:52:09 hubertf Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	from: @(#)passwd.1    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
.\"
.Dd February 25, 2005
.Dt PASSWD 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm passwd
.Nd modify a user's password
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Ar user
.Nm
.Oo Fl d Ar files | Fl l Oc
.Op Ar user
.Nm
.Oo Fl d Ar nis | Fl y Oc
.Op Ar user
.Nm
.Oo Fl d Ar krb5 | Fl k Oc
.Op Ar principal
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
changes the user's password.
First, the user is
prompted for their current password.
If the current password is correctly typed, a new password is
requested.
The new password must be entered twice to avoid typing errors.
.Pp
The new password should be at least six characters long and not
purely alphabetic.
Its total length must be less than
.Dv _PASSWORD_LEN
(currently 128 characters).
Numbers, upper case letters and meta characters
are encouraged.
.Pp
All options may not be available on all systems.
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl d Ar database
This option specifies the password database that should be updated.  The
following databases are supported:
.Bl -tag -width files
.It files
This specifies that the password change should be applied to the local
password file.
When changing only the local password,
.Nm
uses
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
to update the password databases.
.It nis
This specifies that the password change should be applied to the NIS
password database.
The
.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
daemon should be running on the master NIS server.
.It krb5
This specifies that the user's Kerberos 5 password should be changed.
The host must be configured to use Kerberos.
See
.Xr krb5.conf 5 .
.El
.It Fl l
This is the equivalent of
.Fl d Ar files .
.It Fl y
This is the equivalent of
.Fl d Ar nis .
.It Fl k
This is the equivalent of
.Fl d Ar krb5 .
.El
.Pp
If a password database is not specified,
.Nm
will change the password database as determined by the
Pluggable Authentication Module
.Pq PAM
library.
.Pp
The type of cipher used to encrypt the password depends on the configuration
in
.Xr passwd.conf 5 .
It can be different for local and NIS passwords.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
The user database
.It Pa /etc/passwd
A Version 7 format password file
.It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX
Temporary copy of the password file
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chpass 1 ,
.Xr login 1 ,
.Xr pwhash 1 ,
.Xr passwd 5 ,
.Xr passwd.conf 5 ,
.Xr pam 8 ,
.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
.Xr vipw 8
.Rs
.%A Robert Morris
.%A Ken Thompson
.%T "UNIX password security"
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm
command appeared in
.At v6 .
Xref pwhash(1), pointed out by Stefan Schumacher at the Chemnitz Linuxdays 2006-03-07 04:52:09 +03:00			`.\" $NetBSD: passwd.1,v 1.28 2006/03/07 01:52:09 hubertf Exp $`
Slight semantics change: ALWAYS use YP if the system is bound to a YP server. This is required if the passwd database is to stay in sync if this program is run on the YP server. Note, local passwd database operations can still be performed by passing the -l flag. Also, some minor cleanup and RCS id police. 1996-08-09 13:19:33 +04:00			`.\"`
Sync with 4.4BSD-Lite2 (whew!) 1996-12-28 07:30:02 +03:00			`.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993`
			`.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.\"`
			`.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without`
			`.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions`
			`.\" are met:`
			`.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright`
			`.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.`
			`.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright`
			`.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the`
			`.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.`
Move UCB-licensed code from 4-clause to 3-clause licence. Patches provided by Joel Baker in PR 22365, verified by myself. 2003-08-07 15:13:06 +04:00			`.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software`
			`.\" without specific prior written permission.`
			`.\"`
			.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
			`.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE`
			`.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE`
			`.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE`
			`.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL`
			`.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS`
			`.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)`
			`.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT`
			`.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY`
			`.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF`
			`.\" SUCH DAMAGE.`
			`.\"`
Sync with 4.4BSD-Lite2 (whew!) 1996-12-28 07:30:02 +03:00			`.\" from: @(#)passwd.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.\"`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Dd February 25, 2005`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Dt PASSWD 1`
More and more .Os cleanups. .Os is defined in the tmac.doc-common file, so we shouldn't override it with versions in the manpages. Many more to come. 1999-03-22 21:16:34 +03:00			`.Os`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Sh NAME`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Nm passwd`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Nd modify a user's password`
			`.Sh SYNOPSIS`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Nm`
Modularize password changing mechanisms, as proposed in <20000130122641.A8134@xanadu.kublai.com>: Subject: PROPOSAL: making passwd pluggable (sort of) Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:26:41 -0500 2000-02-14 07:36:20 +03:00			`.Op Ar user`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Nm`
			`.Oo Fl d Ar files \| Fl l Oc`
Modularize password changing mechanisms, as proposed in <20000130122641.A8134@xanadu.kublai.com>: Subject: PROPOSAL: making passwd pluggable (sort of) Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:26:41 -0500 2000-02-14 07:36:20 +03:00			`.Op Ar user`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Nm`
			`.Oo Fl d Ar nis \| Fl y Oc`
Modularize password changing mechanisms, as proposed in <20000130122641.A8134@xanadu.kublai.com>: Subject: PROPOSAL: making passwd pluggable (sort of) Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:26:41 -0500 2000-02-14 07:36:20 +03:00			`.Op Ar user`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Nm`
			`.Oo Fl d Ar krb5 \| Fl k Oc`
user -> principal in the krb5 synopsis. 2005-02-28 05:02:43 +03:00			`.Op Ar principal`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Sh DESCRIPTION`
WARNSify, fix .Nm usage 1997-10-19 16:29:35 +04:00			`.Nm`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`changes the user's password.`
New sentence, new line. 2002-09-30 15:08:56 +04:00			`First, the user is`
Modularize password changing mechanisms, as proposed in <20000130122641.A8134@xanadu.kublai.com>: Subject: PROPOSAL: making passwd pluggable (sort of) Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:26:41 -0500 2000-02-14 07:36:20 +03:00			`prompted for their current password.`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`If the current password is correctly typed, a new password is`
			`requested.`
			`The new password must be entered twice to avoid typing errors.`
			`.Pp`
			`The new password should be at least six characters long and not`
			`purely alphabetic.`
			`Its total length must be less than`
			`.Dv _PASSWORD_LEN`
			`(currently 128 characters).`
			`Numbers, upper case letters and meta characters`
			`are encouraged.`
Modularize password changing mechanisms, as proposed in <20000130122641.A8134@xanadu.kublai.com>: Subject: PROPOSAL: making passwd pluggable (sort of) Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:26:41 -0500 2000-02-14 07:36:20 +03:00			`.Pp`
			`All options may not be available on all systems.`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Bl -tag -width flag`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.It Fl d Ar database`
			`This option specifies the password database that should be updated. The`
			`following databases are supported:`
			`.Bl -tag -width files`
			`.It files`
			`This specifies that the password change should be applied to the local`
New sentence, new line. 2002-09-30 15:08:56 +04:00			`password file.`
			`When changing only the local password,`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.Nm`
			`uses`
Drop some whitespace XXX: -p not described. 2005-02-22 04:49:20 +03:00			`.Xr pwd_mkdb 8`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`to update the password databases.`
			`.It nis`
			`This specifies that the password change should be applied to the NIS`
			`password database.`
Fix a typo, and sort SEE ALSO correctly. 2005-02-28 05:01:35 +03:00			`The`
rationalize & cleanup -y/-k/-l code update man page for -y yp password setting now works again! relax passwd setting retry code a teeny bit 1994-01-05 14:20:34 +03:00			`.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`daemon should be running on the master NIS server.`
			`.It krb5`
			`This specifies that the user's Kerberos 5 password should be changed.`
			`The host must be configured to use Kerberos.`
			`See`
Document when Kerberos will be used. fixes part of bin/14988 2003-04-05 22:06:52 +04:00			`.Xr krb5.conf 5 .`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`.El`
			`.It Fl l`
			`This is the equivalent of`
			`.Fl d Ar files .`
			`.It Fl y`
			`This is the equivalent of`
			`.Fl d Ar nis .`
			`.It Fl k`
			`This is the equivalent of`
			`.Fl d Ar krb5 .`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.El`
			`.Pp`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`If a password database is not specified,`
Modularize password changing mechanisms, as proposed in <20000130122641.A8134@xanadu.kublai.com>: Subject: PROPOSAL: making passwd pluggable (sort of) Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 12:26:41 -0500 2000-02-14 07:36:20 +03:00			`.Nm`
Magor rework of passwd(1) for the PAM case. Add "-d <database>" option, similar to Solaris's "-r <repository" or Mac OS X's "-i <infosystem>", to select the password database (files, nis, krb5). Otherwise, we default to using whatever PAM decides. 2005-02-26 10:19:25 +03:00			`will change the password database as determined by the`
			`Pluggable Authentication Module`
			`.Pq PAM`
			`library.`
Adapt to addition of passwd.conf. 2000-07-06 15:20:30 +04:00			`.Pp`
Whitespace cleanup. 2001-12-01 19:43:07 +03:00			`The type of cipher used to encrypt the password depends on the configuration`
English. 2000-07-11 16:12:18 +04:00			`in`
Adapt to addition of passwd.conf. 2000-07-06 15:20:30 +04:00			`.Xr passwd.conf 5 .`
YP password -> NIS password. Ok'd by thorpej. 2005-02-28 18:19:59 +03:00			`It can be different for local and NIS passwords.`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Sh FILES`
			`.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact`
			`.It Pa /etc/master.passwd`
			`The user database`
Whitespace cleanup. 2001-12-01 19:43:07 +03:00			`.It Pa /etc/passwd`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`A Version 7 format password file`
			`.It Pa /etc/passwd.XXXXXX`
			`Temporary copy of the password file`
			`.El`
			`.Sh SEE ALSO`
			`.Xr chpass 1 ,`
			`.Xr login 1 ,`
Xref pwhash(1), pointed out by Stefan Schumacher at the Chemnitz Linuxdays 2006-03-07 04:52:09 +03:00			`.Xr pwhash 1 ,`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Xr passwd 5 ,`
Adapt to addition of passwd.conf. 2000-07-06 15:20:30 +04:00			`.Xr passwd.conf 5 ,`
Fix a typo, and sort SEE ALSO correctly. 2005-02-28 05:01:35 +03:00			`.Xr pam 8 ,`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,`
			`.Xr vipw 8`
			`.Rs`
			`.%A Robert Morris`
			`.%A Ken Thompson`
			`.%T "UNIX password security"`
			`.Re`
			`.Sh HISTORY`
			`A`
WARNSify, fix .Nm usage 1997-10-19 16:29:35 +04:00			`.Nm`
initial import of 386bsd-0.1 sources 1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00			`command appeared in`
			`.At v6 .`