2000-04-22 18:51:59 +04:00
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<html><head><title>
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<tt>ntp_genkeys</tt> - generate public and private keys
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</title></head><body><h3>
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<tt>ntp_genkeys</tt> - generate public and private keys
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</h3><hr>
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<h4>Synopsis</h4>
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<tt>ntp_genkeys</tt>
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<H4>Description</H4>
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<p>The cryptographic values used by the <tt>autokey</tt> scheme are
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incorporated as a set of four files generated by the
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<tt>ntp_genkeys</tt> program, including <tt>ntp.keys</tt> containing the
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DES/MD5 private keys, <tt>ntpkey</tt> containing the RSA private key,
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<tt>ntpkey_<i>host</i></tt> containing the RSA public key, where
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<tt><i>host</i></tt> is the DNS name of the generating machine, and
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<tt>ntpkey_dh</tt> containing the parameters for the Diffie-Hellman key-
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agreement algorithm. The files contain cryptographic values generated by
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the algorithms of the <tt>rsaref20</tt> package and are in printable
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ASCII format. Since the algorythms are seeded by the system clock, each
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run of this program will produce a different outcome. There are no
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options or frills of any sort, although a number of options would seem
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to be appropriate.
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<p>The <tt>ntp.keys</tt> file contains 16 MD5 keys. Each key consists of
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16 characters randomized over the ASCII 95-character printing subset.
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The file is read by the daemon at the location specified by the
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<tt>keys</tt> configuration file command and made visible only to root.
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An additional key consisting of a easily remembered password should be
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added by hand for use with the <tt>ntpq</tt> and <tt>ntpdc</tt>
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programs. The file must be distributed by secure means to other servers
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and clients sharing the same security compartment. While the key
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identifiers for MD5 and DES keys must be in the range 1-65534,
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inclusive, the <tt>ntp_genkeys</tt> program uses only the identifiers
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from 1 to 16. The key identifier for each association is specified as
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the key argument in the <tt>server</tt> or peer configuration file
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command.
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<p>The <tt>ntpkey</tt> file contains the RSA private key. It is read by
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the daemon at the location specified by the <tt>privatekey</tt> argument
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of the <tt>crypto</tt> configuration file command and made visible only
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to root. This file is useful only to the machine that generated it and
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never shared with any other daemon or application program.
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<p>The <tt>ntpkey_<i>host</i></tt> file contains the RSA public key,
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where <tt><i>host</i></tt> is the DNS name of the host that generated
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it. The file is read by the daemon at the location specified by the
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<tt>publickey</tt> argument to the <tt>server</tt> or <tt>peer</tt>
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configuration file command. This file can be widely distributed and
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stored without using secure means, since the data are public values.
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<p>The <tt>ntp_dh</tt> file contains two Diffie-Hellman parameters: the
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prime modulus and the generator. The file is read by the daemon at the
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location specified by the <tt>dhparams</tt> argument of the
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<tt>crypto</tt> configuration file command. The file can be distributed
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by insecure means to other servers and clients sharing the same key
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agreement compartment, since the data are public values.
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<p>The file formats begin with two lines, the first containing the
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generating system DNS name and the second the datestamp. Lines beginning
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with <tt>#</tt> are considered comments and ignored by the daemon. In
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the <tt>ntp.keys</tt> file, the next 16 lines contain the MD5 keys in
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order. If necessary, this file can be further customized by an ordinary
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text editor. The format is described in the following section. In the
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<tt>ntpkey</tt> and <tt>ntpkey_<i>host</i></tt> files, the next line
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contains the modulus length in bits followed by the key as a PEM encoded
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string. In the <tt>ntpkey_dh</tt> file, the next line contains the prime
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length in bytes followed by the prime as a PEM encoded string, and the
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next and final line contains the generator length in bytes followed by
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the generator as a PEM encoded string.
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<p>Note: See the file <tt>./source/rsaref.h</tt> in the
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<tt>rsaref20</tt> package for explanation of return values, if
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necessary.
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<H4>Private Key File Format</H4>
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In the case of DES, the keys are 56 bits long with, depending on type,
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a parity check on each byte. In the case of MD5, the keys are 64 bits (8
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bytes). <TT>ntpd</TT> reads its keys from a file specified using the
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<TT>-k</TT> command line option or the <TT>keys</TT> statement in the
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configuration file. While key number 0 is fixed by the NTP standard (as
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56 zero bits) and may not be changed, one or more of the keys numbered 1
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through 15 may be arbitrarily set in the keys file.
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<P>The key file uses the same comment conventions as the configuration
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file. Key entries use a fixed format of the form
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<P><I><TT>keyno type key</TT></I>
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<P>where <I><TT>keyno</TT></I> is a positive integer,
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<I><TT>type</TT></I> is a single character which defines the key format,
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and <I><TT>key</TT></I> is the key itself.
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<P>The key may be given in one of three different formats, controlled by
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the <I><TT>type</TT></I> character. The three key types, and
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corresponding formats, are listed following.
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<DL>
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<DT><TT>S</TT></DT>
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<DD>The key is a 64-bit hexadecimal number in the format specified in
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the DES specification; that is, the high order seven bits of each octet
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are used to form the 56-bit key while the low order bit of each octet is
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given a value such that odd parity is maintained for the octet. Leading
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zeroes must be specified (i.e., the key must be exactly 16 hex digits
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long) and odd parity must be maintained. Hence a zero key, in standard
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format, would be given as <TT>0101010101010101</TT>.</DD>
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<DT><TT>N</TT></DT>
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<DD>The key is a 64-bit hexadecimal number in the format specified in
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the NTP standard. This is the same as the DES format, except the bits in
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each octet have been rotated one bit right so that the parity bit is now
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the high order bit of the octet. Leading zeroes must be specified and
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odd parity must be maintained. A zero key in NTP format would be
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specified as <TT>8080808080808080</TT>.</DD>
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<DT><TT>A</TT></DT>
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<DD>The key is a 1-to-8 character ASCII string. A key is formed from
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this by using the low order 7 bits of each ASCII character in the
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string, with zeroes added on the right when necessary to form a full
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width 56-bit key, in the same way that encryption keys are formed from
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Unix passwords.</DD>
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<DT><TT>M</TT></DT>
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<DD>The key is a 1-to-8 character ASCII string, using the MD5
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authentication scheme. Note that both the keys and the authentication
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schemes (DES or MD5) must be identical between a set of peers sharing
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the same key number.</DD>
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</DL>
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<p>Note that the keys used by the <TT>ntpq</TT> and <TT>ntpdc</TT>
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programs are checked against passwords requested by the programs and
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entered by hand, so it is generally appropriate to specify these keys in
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ASCII format.
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<h4>Files</h4>
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The RSA Laboratories package <tt>rsaref20</tt> of cryptographic routines
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is necessary in order to build and use this program.
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<h4>Bugs</h4>
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It can take quite a while to generate the RSA public/private key pair
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and Diffie-Hellman parameters, from a few seconds on a modern
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workstation to several minutes on older machines.
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2000-04-22 20:46:49 +04:00
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<hr><a href=index.htm>Home</a><address><a
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2000-04-22 18:51:59 +04:00
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href=mailto:mills@udel.edu> David L. Mills <mills@udel.edu></a>
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</address></a></body></html>
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