222 lines
6.2 KiB
Groff
222 lines
6.2 KiB
Groff
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)tr.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 7/30/91
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.\"
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.Dd July 30, 1991
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.Dt TR 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm tr
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.Nd Translate Characters.
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm tr
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.Op Fl c
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.Op Fl d | Fl s
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.Ar string1 string2
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The tr utility copies the standard input to the standard
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output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.
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The options specified and the
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.Ar string1
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and
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.Ar string2
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operands
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control translations that occur while copying characters.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl c
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Complements the set of characters in string1 with
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respect to the universe of characters whose
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.Tn ISO
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646
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[4] codes are 00 through 0377 octal.
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.It Fl d
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Deletes all input characters in
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.Ar string1 .
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.It Fl s
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Squeezes all output strings of one or more
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instances of a single character in
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.Ar string2
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to a
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single instance of that character.
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Input characters found
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in
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.Ar string1
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are mapped into the corresponding characters
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of
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.Ar string2 .
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When
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.Ar string2
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is shorter than
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.Ar string1 , string2
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is extended to the length of
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.Ar string1
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by duplicating the last character of
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.Ar string2 .
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If
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.Ar string2
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is explicitly a string of zero
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length,
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.Ar string2
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is padded with
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.Tn NUL
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characters.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following operands are available:
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.Bl -tag -width stringx
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.It Ar string1
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.It Ar string2
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Translation character strings.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Pp
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If
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the
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.Fl c
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option is given in conjunction with the
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.Fl d
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option, then only those characters found in
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.Ar string1
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is copied to the standard output.
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.Pp
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The following conventions can be used in
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.Ar string1
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or
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.Ar string2
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or both to specify characters, character ranges, character
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classes, or collating elements:
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.Bl -tag -width [[:equiv:]]
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.It character
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Represents that character.
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.It \eoctal
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A backslash followed by 1, 2, or 3 octal
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digits represents a character with that
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encoded value.
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If a \eoctal sequence is
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followed by digits, the backslash and up to
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three digits are interpreted to prepare a
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character; subsequent digits are interpreted
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as individual characters.
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.It \echaracter
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A backslash followed by any character except
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an octal digit represents that character.
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.It [c-c]
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Represents the range of ordered elements
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between the range endpoints, inclusive.
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.\" ; as
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.\" defined by the current setting of the
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.\" setlocale() category
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.\" .Em LC_COLLATE .
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.\" The collating
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.\" elements are ordered in ascending collating
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.\" sequence, and the first endpoint shall precede
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.\" the second in the collating sequence.
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.It [[:class:]]
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Represents all characters belonging to the
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defined character class.
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.\" as defined by the
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.\" current setting of the setlocale() category
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.\" .Ev LC_CTYPE .
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Allowable names for class are:
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.Bl -column alpha upper lower digit xdigit -offset indent
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alpha upper lower digit xdigit alnum
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space punct print graph cntrl
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.El
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.Pp
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The characters placed in ascending order.
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.\" .Em LC_COLLATE .
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.\" (Characters not defined in the
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.\" current collating sequence are ordered
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.\" according to the collation sequence's rules
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.\" for ordering of undefined characters.)
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.It [[=equiv=]]
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Represents all characters or collating (sorting)
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elements belonging to the same equivalence class
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as equiv.
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" .Em LC_COLLATE .
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If
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there is a secondary ordering within the
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equivalence class, the characters are ordered
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in ascending sequence.
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Otherwise, they are
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ordered after their encoded values.
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.It [[.cs.]]
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Represents a collating symbol.
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Multicharacter
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collating symbols shall be represented as
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collating symbols to distinguish them from a
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string of the same characters.
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.It [x*n]
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Represents n repeated occurrences of the
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character or collating symbol x.
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This
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expression is only valid when it occurs in
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.Ar string2 .
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If n is omitted or is zero, it is
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be interpreted as large enough to extend the
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.Ar string2 Ns -based
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sequence to the length of the
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.Ar string1 Ns -based
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sequence.
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If n has a leading
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zero, it shall be interpreted as an octal
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value.
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Otherwise, it shall be interpreted as
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a decimal value.
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.El
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.Pp
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Characters belonging to an equivalence class occupy the same
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position in the sequence, ordered after secondary ordering.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm tr
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utility exits with one of the following values:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It 0
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All input was processed successfully.
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.It 1
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An error occurred.
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.El
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm tr
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utility is expected to be
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.St -p1003.2
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compatible.
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