1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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1993-08-01 11:32:48 +04:00
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.\" from: @(#)mailaddr.7 6.6 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
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.\" $Id: mailaddr.7,v 1.2 1993/08/01 07:35:02 mycroft Exp $
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1993-03-21 12:45:37 +03:00
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.\"
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.Dd June 24, 1990
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.Dt MAILADDR 7
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.Os BSD 4.2
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mailaddr
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.Nd mail addressing description
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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Mail addresses are based on the ARPANET protocol listed at the end of this
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manual page. These addresses are in the general format
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.Pp
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.Dl user@domain
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.Pp
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where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list of subdomains. For
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example, the address
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.Pp
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.Dl eric@monet.berkeley.edu
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.Pp
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is normally interpreted from right to left: the message should go to the
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ARPA name tables (which do not correspond exactly to the physical ARPANET),
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then to the Berkeley gateway, after which it should go to the local host
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monet. When the message reaches monet it is delivered to the user ``eric''.
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.Pp
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Unlike some other forms of addressing, this does not imply any routing.
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Thus, although this address is specified as an ARPA address, it might
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travel by an alternate route if that were more convenient or efficient.
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For example, at Berkeley, the associated message would probably go directly
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to monet over the Ethernet rather than going via the Berkeley ARPANET
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gateway.
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.Ss Abbreviation.
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Under certain circumstances it may not be necessary to type the entire
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domain name. In general, anything following the first dot may be omitted
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if it is the same as the domain from which you are sending the message.
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For example, a user on ``calder.berkeley.edu'' could send to ``eric@monet''
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without adding the ``berkeley.edu'' since it is the same on both sending
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and receiving hosts.
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.Pp
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Certain other abbreviations may be permitted as special cases. For
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example, at Berkeley, ARPANET hosts may be referenced without adding
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the ``berkeley.edu'' as long as their names do not conflict with a local
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host name.
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.Ss Compatibility.
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.Pp
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Certain old address formats are converted to the new format to provide
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compatibility with the previous mail system. In particular,
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.Pp
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.Dl user@host.ARPA
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.Pp
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is allowed and
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.Pp
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.Dl host:user
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.Pp
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is converted to
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.Pp
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.Dl user@host
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.Pp
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to be consistent with the
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.Xr rcp 1
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command.
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.Pp
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Also, the syntax
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.Pp
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.Dl host!user
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.Pp
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is converted to:
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.Pp
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.Dl user@host.UUCP
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.Pp
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This is normally converted back to the ``host!user'' form before being sent
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on for compatibility with older UUCP hosts.
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.Pp
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The current implementation is not able to route messages automatically through
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the UUCP network. Until that time you must explicitly tell the mail system
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which hosts to send your message through to get to your final destination.
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.Ss Case Distinctions.
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.Pp
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Domain names (i.e., anything after the ``@'' sign) may be given in any mixture
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of upper and lower case with the exception of UUCP hostnames. Most hosts
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accept any combination of case in user names, with the notable exception of
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MULTICS sites.
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.Ss Route-addrs.
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.Pp
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Under some circumstances it may be necessary to route a message through
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several hosts to get it to the final destination. Normally this routing
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is done automatically, but sometimes it is desirable to route the message
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manually. Addresses which show these relays are termed ``route-addrs.''
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These use the syntax:
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.Pp
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.Dl <@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>
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.Pp
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This specifies that the message should be sent to hosta, from there to hostb,
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and finally to hostc. This path is forced even if there is a more efficient
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path to hostc.
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.Pp
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Route-addrs occur frequently on return addresses, since these are generally
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augmented by the software at each host. It is generally possible to ignore
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all but the ``user@domain'' part of the address to determine the actual
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sender.
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.Ss Postmaster.
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.Pp
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Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated ``postmaster''
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to which problems with the mail system may be addressed.
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.Ss Other Networks.
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.Pp
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Some other networks can be reached by giving the name of the network as the
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last component of the domain.
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.Em This is not a standard feature
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and may
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not be supported at all sites. For example, messages to CSNET or BITNET sites
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can often be sent to ``user@host.CSNET'' or ``user@host.BITNET'' respectively.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr mail 1 ,
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.Xr sendmail 8 ;
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.br
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Crocker, D. H.,
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.Em Standard for the Format of Arpa Internet Text Messages,
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RFC822.
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.Sh HISTORY
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.Nm Mailaddr
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appeared in 4.2 BSD.
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.Sh BUGS
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The RFC822 group syntax (``group:user1,user2,user3;'') is not supported
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except in the special case of ``group:;'' because of a conflict with old
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berknet-style addresses.
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.Pp
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Route-Address syntax is grotty.
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.Pp
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UUCP- and ARPANET-style addresses do not coexist politely.
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