NetBSD/share/man/man4/udp.4

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.\"     @(#)udp.4	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\"
.Dd June 5, 1993
.Dt UDP 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm udp
.Nd Internet User Datagram Protocol
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
.Fd #include <netinet/in.h>
.Ft int
.Fn socket AF_INET SOCK_DGRAM 0
.Ft int
.Fn socket AF_INET6 SOCK_DGRAM 0
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Tn UDP
is a simple, unreliable datagram protocol which is used
to support the
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
abstraction for the Internet
protocol family.
.Tn UDP
sockets are connectionless, and are
normally used with the
.Xr sendto 2
and
.Xr recvfrom 2
calls, though the
.Xr connect 2
call may also be used to fix the destination for future
packets (in which case the
.Xr recv 2
or
.Xr read 2
and
.Xr send 2
or
.Xr write 2
system calls may be used).
.Pp
.Tn UDP
address formats are identical to those used by
.Tn TCP .
In particular
.Tn UDP
provides a port identifier in addition
to the normal Internet address format.
Note that the
.Tn UDP
port
space is separate from the
.Tn TCP
port space (i.e. a
.Tn UDP
port
may not be
.Dq connected
to a
.Tn TCP
port).
In addition broadcast packets may be sent (assuming the underlying
network supports this) by using a reserved
.Dq broadcast address ;
this address
is network interface dependent.
.Pp
Options at the
.Tn IP
transport level may be used with
.Tn UDP ;
see
.Xr ip 4
or
.Xr ip6 4 .
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
.Bl -tag -width [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
.It Bq Er EISCONN
when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
address specified and the socket is already connected;
.It Bq Er ENOTCONN
when trying to send a datagram, but
no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been
connected;
.It Bq Er ENOBUFS
when the system runs out of memory for
an internal data structure;
.It Bq Er EADDRINUSE
when an attempt
is made to create a socket with a port which has already been
allocated;
.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL
when an attempt is made to create a socket with a network address
for which no network interface exists.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getsockopt 2 ,
.Xr recv 2 ,
.Xr send 2 ,
.Xr socket 2 ,
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr inet 4 ,
.Xr inet6 4 ,
.Xr ip 4 ,
.Xr ip6 4
.Rs
.%R RFC
.%N 768
.%D August 28, 1980
.%T "User Datagram Protocol"
.Re
.Rs
.%R RFC
.%N 1122
.%D October 1989
.%T "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers"
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
protocol appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .